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Any society to function, must be guided by certain rules and legal forms, by agreeing rules of coexistence, specifying the rights and obligations of individuals and the entire community in order to form the legal framework, proper functioning of society. Legal norms and social values imposed had an important role meant to lay the groundwork to achieve a modern society.
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Food security is the future of a nation, with a healthy population it can grow in all its domains. The security of supply is through food security systems, as either a system-based food safety system, or a system of safety provided by the legislative system.
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The Conflict of Interests in the Romanian Regulation, Compared to the Legislation of France and the United States of America, the Potential Incidence of this Crime in the Economic Environment of Romania
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This article represents both author's point of view regarding the importance of contemporary consumer in stopping or encouraging and developing criminal behaviors. In the article we will refer especially to the information consumer, but not only. It has been wished to see how, by assimilating and interpreting information received by various channels, a consumer can, without his will become either an ally of the authorities fighting various crimes, or an accomplice of those committing criminal offences. It also sought to draw a conclusion that would place the role of education as a means of combating all types of crime.
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As it is mentioned in the title, the aspects which are dealt with are folding on a level of european cooperation, trade of good practices and learned lessons- unfortunately- after terrorist atacks from railroad system of transport including the network subway which falls in this type of transport. The purpose of this article is to sensitize both railroad police workers and managers of railroad and not at least citizens that are using the railroad transportation, regarding to a set of measures which can be adopted for detectation/identification of signs that their saftey and those around can be endangered – to act and act accordingly.
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In current national and european context, is notorious that „environment protection” is a national security objective, and through the facts that must be taken into account to accomplish it are activities of prevention and combat of uncontrollable deforestation, wood mass stealing and not least of a strict control of the state on procedure of exploitation and reforestation of interest spaces at national level.
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Judicial practice in the matter of the imposition of protective measures on property in the criminal proceeding has been and continues to be uneven. A part of the issue in question was clarified by Decision no. 19 of 2017 of the High Court of Cassation and Justice, which, at the hearing on October 16, 2017, admitted the appeal in the interest of the law and found that it was not necessary, at the moment of imposing the precautionary measure in the criminal trial, to indicate prove the existence or individualization of the goods on which the precautionary measure is established. However, important issues frequently encountered in the practice of the judiciary, such as: the issue of applying the precautionary measure to future goods remain unresolved; solutions for the amendment by the prosecutor, during prosecution, of the precautionary measures ordered as a result of the finding of new facts and circumstances affecting the legality of the measure; the possibility of replacing goods on which the precautionary measure has been instituted, respecting the competition of the probable value of the damage and the notion of non-coincidence of the non-penalized consequences that the investigated person suffers as a result of the criminal offense committed.
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The article highlights some general aspects regarding the informative activity realized by the specialized workers belonging to the public order and safety structures in Romania. The fundamental directions of action of the Romanian Police are pointed out from the perspective of informative documentation of the concrete cases. The main specific methods and means of informative activity are also briefly presented and the benefits of their proper use are highlighted. Finally, some of the current criminal infractions are listed and the importance of adapting the methods and means in the form of the criminality phenomenon and the technological progress is emphasized.
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Nowadays the possibility of acquiring crypto currencies is omnipresent from various coins. Dagcoin is one of them and its self-defined mission is to create an alternative to the normal usage of crypto currencies especially on the Asian market where it would help people who do not use the banking system to buy their desired products. Dagcoin ̉s selling proposition is one that raises many suspicions. It proposes the sale of fictional educational programs which in return gives the buyers also an amount of Dagcoin. The currency is not listed like other traditional crypto currencies such as Bitcoin and its similarities with Onecoin, the crypto currency that proved to be a major Ponzi Scheme, make Dagcoin seem as on if its clones. However, the legal authorities have major difficulties in bringing to justice the founders of Dagcoin due to the technical legal limitations. Dagcoin is registred as a seller of online courses and in this respect this activity is not illegal, but it is a front for covering hard-to-prove Ponzi scheme frauds.
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Law enforcement organizations and officers who have been trained and equipped to deal with typical acts of crime now focus on capturing individuals who operate for other reasons, and with other targets, weapons that are far more dangerous than those used by criminals traditional. A terrorist approach has a critical difference than a simple street killer: When a confrontation with a terrorist takes place, “kill or be killed” does not “capture and condemn”. Some people suggest that terrorists and criminals are rather different than similar: “Criminals have an indifferent attitude and the level of stress is low - even when they complete a crime - because they have gained experience.” Most terrorists have very high levels of stress. terrorists are beginners. In addition, terrorists are aiming at widespread destruction, while normal criminals are looking for material and financial gains.
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The article discusses the practice of blocking and interrupting financial transactions between unauthorized operators and players. There are exposed the reasons for blocking and interrupting transactions, the methods of blocking and interrupting, the particularities and functionality of blocking and interrupting measures, the detection of payment service providers of unauthorized operators and the jurisdictions applying these measures. The article discusses the practices used at European level and the difficulty of their implementation due to the complexity of the field and geolocation of the player, as well as the controversy over the use of crypto currency.
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Language is that human activity that has overwhelmingly influenced the removal of the human species from the animal kingdom. It is it that determined not only the transmission of knowledge but also a more effective defense way. We therefore observe that language was the human manifestation that had the gift of laying the groundwork for human activities both from the perspective of social development and of ensuring a group security and, implicitly, personal for each member of the group. As far as the language decision tandem is concerned, it has evolved symmetrically in the sense that, with the evolution of language, a more crystallized decision-making has been achieved. We support this because once the motivation offered ever more clearly by an increasingly evolved language has become available, man has managed to reason and base his decisions more closely. In other words, an activity can never be deployed outside the presence and participation of language.
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Stress is a natural and natural phenomenon. It is normal for a police institution to have various stress-related problems. Stress can go from various factors such as professional dissatisfaction, climate, family etc. The police institution is made up of individuals who develop social relationships and interaction patterns through communication networks and cooperative systems, individuals who are willing to cooperate with each other to achieve their goals. Law enforcement employees carry out their work in maximum constraint and emotional overload. They are told to act calmly, even when they are extremely tense. They are also drawn to the fact that, when they are nervous, they keep control of the situation and remain stiff when engaging emotionally. They have to interact with society, fulfilling their role properly, in a neutral and professional manner. The port of uniform and weapon makes them differentiate in society, and this segregation has multiple psychological effects that can induce passive impairment or duration of psychic functioning. As a result of the research, a policeman has a rather high stress level, and this is due to various stressors such as fatigue, routine, too much bosses etc. As the level of stress increases, higher aggressiveness, professional dissatisfaction, lower responsibility, and lower sociability appear. It should be mentioned that the present work has limits too, the subject can be analyzed in more detail in a future work.
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The structure within General Inspectorate of Romanian Police that has jurisdiction in combating crimes against the person, patrimony, authorities, realization of justice, public safety, also to those who threatens relationship looking social cohabitation, is The Criminal Investigation Department. At the level of Criminal Investigation Department, works Combat Department of crimes against the person, Combat Department of crimes against patrimony and criminal groups, Judicial Assistance and International Police Department, Judicial Delegation Department, Prosecution Department, Behavioral Analysis Department and Department for protecting the national and cultural heritage. In Bucharest works General Direction of Police from Bucharest of which Criminal Investigation Department is part. In each sector of the city Bucharest works one Criminal Investigation Department, having under the jurisdiction the Criminal Groups Office and Prosecution Office, and on each of 26 police section works Criminal Investigation Bureau. On Romanian territory, in all those 41 counties, are created and works county police inspectorates, where are created police units and subunits under the coordination of General Inspectorate of Romanian Police. On each county, within the municipality and cities works municipality and city police, and in country side the activity is realized by the police officers and agents from the country police stations, village police stations, specialized both on public order, but also on criminal investigation.
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The left bank of the Dniester remains an old conflict in a continually growning united Europe. Efforts by the European Union under the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) could serve as a basis for a common strategy for the region. The challenges to European security are especially centered on non-state actors. While in the Mediterranean countries and the Middle East political extremism and terrorism are the main issues, post-Soviet countries are often a safe place for organized crime. The issues of separatism and conflict in some of these countries aggravate the weaknesses of states. At present, the European Union is not surrounded by a ring of friends, but by a “ring of risk”.
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This article illustrates the influence of cross-border organized crime structures on the population living or carrying out activities at the border, in order to endeavor to participate in their criminal activities. In judicial practice, it can be noticed that there is always a staged system developed by criminal structures for luring the population, prone to join a criminal group or to carry out illicit activities for them. A decisional factor in making a decision by the lured citizen is the amount of money or other goods / values. The state border surveillance authorities carry out permanent activities of awareness and information of the population regarding the social danger created by these organized cross-border crime structures. At the same time, the danger to which those who support in any form these criminal groups, both of a legal nature and the moral and physical constraint by the criminal group, are prone to. In today's society there is a fierce struggle in diminishing illicit activities and dissolving cross-border organized crime structures, but without the help of the population it will have no effect. We can say that some people help in the development of groups and even provide support in terms of keeping secret the information about the criminal structure.
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The migration phenomenon, which has been known since antiquity, has led to economic, cultural and social issues, issues which have conducted over time to the hierarchical positioning of some states in the peak of the world pyramid. Cultural, religious and economic differences can often create social skirmishes, one of the solutions being represented by the intensification of the collaboration of state authorities with international agencies and bodies in order to apply rules of conduct and intervention for the bodies with attributions in the field. The development and complexity of technological applications, that involve socialization without physical contact between people, contain a concept of quick relationship. In the current context, we can appreciate the fact that we are socially concerned to a certain extent, as long as it is controlled and can improve our interpersonal and social relationships.
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The present paper seeks to address the issue of the preliminary objections raised in the Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia case. The paper engages in a presentation of the procedural issues raised by the respondent State and the manner in which the ICJ has dealt which each of these contentions. Further, the paper provides a critique of some of the aspects which arise from the Court’s Judgment, as well as the legal implications of its findings.
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The present paper aims to provide a case analysis of one instance of inadmissibility before the International Court of Justice, illustrated by the Nuclear Tests Case (New Zealand v. France), namely, the so-called “mootness” of a claim. The paper presents a description of the main aspects of the case and the controversies which arise from this Judgment. On the face of it, the case in question is simply an example of what may be construed as an inadmissible claim before the ICJ. However, upon further study, it becomes apparent that, in reaching its decision in this matter, the Court applied its authority of interpretation to an Applicant’s claim quite extensively, essentially determining what the Applicant was effectively seeking, and set the precedent that unilateral public statements made by a State may be considered as legally binding undertakings, based on the principle of good faith. The analysis presented in the present paper seeks to bring to light the implications of the Court’s Judgment in the Nuclear Tests Case.
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