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The brochure suggests topics for discussion at the international conference Shaping a Common Security Agenda for Southeast Europe - New Approaches and Shared Responsibilities held on 5-6 September in Sofia.
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The present action plan contains practical measures and proposals for the improvement of the corporate governance in Bulgaria. It was prepared by the expert group, working on projects within the Corporate Governance Initiative in Bulgaria. A substantial part of the proposals were induced by the results and analyses presented in the Corporate Governance Assessment Report:2000, other expert opinions have also been used for the regulatory changes and improvement of the practice in that aspect. The practical steps are grouped in the following problematic fields, in which the attention of the professional community should be focused in order the corporate governance in Bulgaria to improve considerably and get closer to the global standards.
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This brochure represents an attempt to analyze and summarize the activities and results of the first stage of the Small Projects program of Coalition 2000. Following a competition held in the beginning of 1999, thirteen non-governmental organizations, most of them based in different Bulgarian town and cities, were included in the first pilot stage of the program. They include: 'Civic Council in Razgrad' Citizens Coalition, 'Stefan Stambolov' Bulgarian Youth League - Smolian, Center for the Study of Political Processes - Shoumen, 'Lecturers' NGO - Plovdiv, 'Revived Civil Society' Regional Association - Pleven, InfoEcoClub - Vratza, Black Sea Legal Community - Bourgas, 'Sexaginta' Open Education Youth Center - Rousse, as well as the Sofia-based Christian Revival Movement, the Corruption-free Society Association, the Association of Young Lawyers, the Foundation for Entrepreneurship Development, and the Bulgarian Association for Fair Elections and Civil Rights. Within a time frame of three months (April - June 1999) they conducted activities covering the whole spectrum of the anti-corruption campaign: participation in the Clean Future Public Awareness Campaign, local government monitoring, establishment of anti-corruption structures, using different instruments to expose and curb corrupt practices in the respective municipalities. Despite the fact that such a short time frame does not enable the potential of the Coalition 2000 local initiatives to be fully utilized, the experience accumulated during that time can be used to map out future spheres, forms of organization, and instruments in this new part of Bulgarian reality. This is why the brochure focuses on the practices which seem most promising for our future work. It will continue with the second stage of the Small Projects 1999-2000 program within whose framework a permanent cooperation structure will be established with local NGOs as part of the Coalition 2000 process. In a structural respect the pamphlet consists of two main sections. The first contains analyses of the pilot stage of local initiatives conducted by Coalition 2000 experts. The second section presents the so-called "best practices", as well as some sociological studies conducted by our local partners. With the stipulation that these are initiatives in their pilot, i.e. experimental, stage we recommend them as already tested instruments which could effectively be used to accomplish the goals of anti-corruption activity. A List of Activities under the Small Projects program of the 13 NGOs is appended.
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The project was carried out by research teams from the following transition countries: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia. Initially, Albania was included in the project, but the project coordinator left Albania and the contract could not start. Many difficulties were encountered in carrying out an international cross-country analysis on migration issues. Although the countries included had quite similar backgrounds during the socialist period, they are now different. Migration as a phenomenon has a different economic, historical, cultural and ethnic background in each of those countries. In addition, the researchers involved in the project had varying scientific backgrounds: sociologists, geographers, economists, etc. Therefore, a common research approach and methodology was quite difficult to achieve. The other difficulty of the project was due to the fact that some of the contractors were given different tasks according to their technical expertise. The difficulties were increased by the fact that, in some countries, more than one institute was involved in the project. Fortunately, all these complications were overcome, thanks to the efforts and good will of all participants.
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The political situation in Bulgaria for the period under review was unfavourable regarding the continuance of the economic reforms so necessary for the country. The urgent and decisive measures for reaching macro-economic stability and speeding the market reforms have been once again postponed by the announced for the end of October '96 presidential elections and the will of the governing Bulgarian Socialist Party to win those elections at all costs.
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The combination of mass and market privatization as a specific element of the Bulgarian model acquires more and more distinct outlines as days go by. On January 8, 1996, mass privatization made its official start by the commencement of the citizens' registration for participation. The dead-line for this phase was extended twice and as a result a little above 40 percent of the eligible Bulgarian population bought their voucher booklets. Despite the not particularly attractive public awareness campaign and the non-participation in it of the privatization funds, a fairly good result was achieved in the registration for participation in the mass privatization process.
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Vitosha Research conducted a social survey to register the attitude of the Bulgarian populace towards mass privatization on the eve of its actual start. The data was collected in November 1995. The survey method was the standardized face-to-face interview. The sample size is 2652 and is representative for the population of Bulgaria aged 18 to 60. The sample is representative separately for the population of Sofia (N = 727), Plovdiv (N = 920) and Varna (N = 967) in the above mentioned age interval. This design of the first quantitative survey was preferred to the national representative sample, because according to preliminary data, information residents in small towns and villages had about the forthcoming mass privatization was extremely low.
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This material has been published as part of the “Issues in Bulgarian Law” series prepared by the Law Reform and Comparative Law Program, a project of the Center for the Study of Democracy in Sofia, Bulgaria.
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In the period March 1997 - September 1998 Vitosha Research conducted its regular survey on corruption among the Bulgarian population. This study is part of the Corruption Monitoring System of Coalition 2000. The report "Coalition 2000 Corruption Indexes, CSD Monitor, Issue 3, 1998" presents the main findings, comparative analysis, trends and conclusions based on the data of the last survey.
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The Article, published in May 2007 by the European Employment Observatory, debates on undeclared employment and the grey economy in Bulgaria. The authors, Tihomir Bezlov, Senior Researcher at the Center for the Study of Democracy and Pobeda Loukanova, Senior Researcher at Institute of Economy at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, argue that the absorption of the Structural Funds demands proper tax behaviour of companies and transparent management. This defies the interests of the correct taxpayers to those evading taxes. It was the businessmen from the first group who launched a campaign against the shadowy sector with the traditional involvement of the professional unions. The high social security contributions are constantly the focus of debates organised by the professional unions. The Government on its part has serious political problems instigated by the grey sector expansion thus reducing the means for social expenditures. These more important reasons induce the 2007 campaign for rethinking the recently applied approaches for limiting the grey economy in Bulgaria.
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This report is aiming at presenting the state and specific problems of corporate governance and control in Bulgaria. It has been elaborated as part of the project "Corporate Governance Initiative in Bulgaria" with the financial support of the Center for International Private Enterprise, an affiliate of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. The project is mainly targeted at facilitating the introduction of contemporary standards of corporate governance and procedures that are to guarantee responsibility and accountability, transparency in the economy and control mechanisms within companies. The report has been drawn on the basis of data from sociological surveys (carried out by Vitosha Research Agency for the Center for Economic Development) as well as publications of international organizations and specialized editions. The conclusions for Bulgaria presented in the report are based on the information from a qualitative sociological survey on the corporate governance problems. The survey was carried out in late January 1999 using the discussions-in-focus-groups method. Participating in the discussions were representatives of branch ministries, the Privatization Agency, Center for Mass Privatization, Securities and Stock Exchanges Commission, Bulgarian Stock Exchange - Sofia, managers of enterprises and investment companies, investment intermediaries, investors. organizations, individual shareholders, journalists.
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The phenomenon referred to as corruption comprises the sundry forms of abuse of power (economic, political and administrative) which all result in obtaining personal or collective benefits to the detriment of the rights and lawful interests of an individual, groups or the whole society. Corruption hinders development virtually everywhere, thus harming the social, political, and economic life of any society. It distorts choice, increases costs of products and services, promotes unproductive investment, contributes to decline of living standards and undermines democracy and societal integrity.
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The present action plan contains practical measures and proposals for the improvement of the corporate governance in Bulgaria. It was prepared by the expert group, working on projects within the Corporate Governance Initiative in Bulgaria. A substantial part of the proposals were induced by the results and analyses presented in the Corporate Governance Assessment Report:2000, other expert opinions have also been used for the regulatory changes and improvement of the practice in that aspect.
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The main results from the first comparative survey of the public opinion on corruption conducted in Albania, Bulgaria, and Macedonia in January 2000 are presented in this material. The survey was conducted with the cooperation between Vitosha Research with Center for the Study of Democracy, Albanian Center for Economic Research, Albania, and Forum – Center for Strategic Research and Documentation, Macedonia. The survey is based on a Corruption Monitoring System of Coalition 2000 which was created by Vitosha Research and is an initial step towards implementation of a Regional Corruption Monitoring System.
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The present report outlines the key findings of the Regional Corruption Monitoring carried out in seven countries of South Eastern Europe – Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Romania, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), and Croatia. The surveys conducted in these countries were based on the methodology of the Corruption Monitoring System of Coalition 2000 and marked the beginning of the implementation of a Regional Corruption Monitoring System. The main goal of this comparative analysis of the seven countries from the Balkan region is to show the public significance of the problem of corruption and the extent to which corruption has penetrated into the various elements of society.
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The report presents key findings about the level of corruption and corruption related perceptions in a cross country perspective. The analysis is based on national sample (n=1000) surveys of the population aged 18 and over in seven countries of Southeast Europe. It also includes comparative data from the 2001 survey conducted using the same methodology.
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National survey of public officials, conducted in 1999 among 320 officials and in 2002 among 412 officials. The research method is face-to-face interview. During both monitored periods corruption is assessed by public officials as one of the five most important national problems. In its importance corruption is commensurate with the main socio-economic problems our society is facing.
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The report presents key findings about the level of corruption and corruption related perceptions. The analysis is based on survey conducted among representatives of the judiciary system (n=454) - judges, prosecutors, investigators.
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Izgradnja političkog sistema zasnovanog na vladavini zakona i zaštiti ljudskih prava zahtijeva uspostavljanje mehanizama participatorne demokratije koji stvaraju uslove za uključivanje građana i organizacija civilnog društva u donošenje odluka, zakona, strategija i javnih politika. Ovaj način participatornog kreiranja politika prepoznala je i Evropska unija (EU) deklarišući ga kao sredstvo postizanja transparentnosti prema javnosti i sredstvo koje omogućava neposredan pristup građanima u procesu donošenja javnih politika, čiji glas se još uvijek ne čuje u Bosni i Hercegovini. Kako su organizacije civilnog društva, po načelu supsidijarnosti, jedan od ključnih agenata inoviranja društvenih rješenja njihovo uključivanje u rad državnih institucija u razvijenim demokratijama Zapadne Evrope i u SAD-ma pokazalo je da može značajno uticati na inovaciju i učinkovitost javnih programa. Pored toga, kako organizacije civilnog društva često imaju bolji pristup informacijama na terenu od državnih organa, zbog svoje stalne lokalne prisutnosti, one imaju bolji uvid u stvarno stanje u zajednicama i probleme ciljnih grupa. Takođe, ove organizacije su mobilnije i mogu brže i efikasnije reagovati zbog svoje nezavisnosti i manje administracije.
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Visoko sudsko i tužilačko vijeće BiH je u 2018. godini donijelo nove Kriterije za ocjenjivanje rada sudija u BiH (Kritreriji). Oni se imaju primijeniti na ocjenjivanje rada sudija za 2019. godinu i dalje. Kriteriji su u pravosudnoj zajednici dočekani s značajnim kritikama o čemu se govorilo i na Stručnoj raspravi o vrednovanju rada sudija i tužilaca u BiH u organizaciji Centra za javno pravo i Pravnog fakulteta Sarajevo, održanoj 02. novembra 2018. godine. Nakon prve godine ocjenjivanja sudija po novim Kriterijima vrijeme je da se saberu prva iskustva, da se identificiraju sporne tačke, te da se pokušaju dati prijedlozi za njihovo unapređenje. Ovim prilogom ću obraditi nekoliko uočenih problema radi nastavka stručne rasprave o vrednovanju rada sudija i tužilaca u BiH koju kontinuirano organizira Centar za javno pravo.
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