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Fevzijeva filozofija

Author(s): Milivoj (Mirza Abdurahman) Malić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 68-69/2015

Kada smo se pozabavili sadržajem Bulbulistana, ugledali smo čitav jedan svijet ideja i osjećanja koji se, izgleda, svi vrte oko vrhovnog načela: Duhovni život jedina je stvarnost dostojna da se njome bavimo. Pa ipak, ovome djelu ne manjka ni razmišljanja čisto materijalističke prirode, kao što ćemo vidjeti u daljnjem izlaganju: ali ta su razmišljanja tu samo da, na neki način, posluže kao opipljiva osnova psihološkim, moralnim, političkim ili mističnim poukama kojima nas autor neprestano obasipa.

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Понятието „възможност“ и новата метафизика на Джон Дън Скот – чрез „невъзможност“ към онтология

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Понятието „възможност“ и новата метафизика на Джон Дън Скот – чрез „невъзможност“ към онтология

Author(s): Gergana Dineva / Language(s): Bulgarian,Latin Issue: 20/2014

The text will try to show that the concept of “possibility” by John Duns Scotus plays a major role in the new way in which metaphysics begins to be considered, namely its transformation from ontotheology to ontology. Scotus is focusing his argument of God’s existence on the cross point between logic, ontology and the limits of natural reason. The stress that the Doctor Subtilis puts on the boundary of natural human intellect becomes later a major philosophical problem, reconsidered by the Scotistic metaphysical tradition and later by the critical theory of Immanuel Kant. We aim to demonstrate, that the epistemological teaching of Scotus should not be reduced simply to logics, because it has “ontological implications”, that are allowing him to make metaphysical conclusions with the help of arguments, based only on natural reasoning. We examine the usage of the concepts possibility and necessity, the logical law of Scotus and his argument on existence of God and show, that the ontological implications within the logical argumentation of the Scottish master allow him to make metaphysical conclusions, which results into the shift between ontotheology to ontology, where the first known by the intellect is maintained to be the univocal concept of being qua being, that is marking the positive boundary of human natural intellect, where logic and ontology coincide and build the ground for metaphysics, understood as scientia transcendens.

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Tudat, tudatosság, tudatparadoxonok

Author(s): Péter Egyed / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 05/2013

In our daily lives, we are in the habit of continuously monitoring and maintaining our consciousness, more or less consciously. This process is characterized by a systematic and cyclic investigation from morning to night, and it even interferes with our dreams. Due to this type of universal preoccupation with the phenomena of human consciousness, more advanced cultures are always inclined to produce theories for its explanation and functioning. The author offers a fascinating contemporary close reading of John Locke’s seminal Essay Concerning Human Understanding, associating its basic questions and tentative answers with modern directions in the philosophy of mind, among which the works of Étienne Balibar, David Chalmers, and Edmund Husserl.

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Žižekovo zbiljsko kao supstancija što izmiče hegelovskom subjektu

Author(s): Željka Matijašević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/2003

This essay interprets the work of Slavoj Žižek from the perspective of his reliance on philosophical categories in explaining key concepts of Lacanian psychoanalysis which is a tendency that Žižek inherits from Lacan. A particular emphasis is placed on Žižek's interpretation of Hegel, and of his idea that Lacanian concepts can be found in the midst of transcendental philosophy, starting with Cartesianism.

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The image of the universe as cultural choice between science and theology. Probabilism and realism from the Middle Ages to the Modern age

Author(s): Francesco Fiorentino / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

The famous Galilean question was to become the paradigm of the conflict between Nature and Scripture, science and faith, free research of natural reason and authority of the ecclesiastical institution, obscurantism of the medieval period and scientific progress which would illuminate the modern age. It is well known that the stereotype of the pure conflict between scientific thought and religious dogma for long dominated the interpretation of the most profound essence of the Middle Ages, as an obscurantist age in the grip of the universalist political and religious authorities. This image of the Middle Ages was greatly corroborated by the Humanist writers of the Renaissance and Enlightenment historiography. This contribution purports to analyse late–medieval science from a holistic methodology based on history of science and philosophy of science, to obtain a big picture in front to Scientific Revolution and to show the cultural roots of the different images of the universe.

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Emergencija mentalnog/racionalnog i potiskivanje/marginaliziranje tjelesnog

Author(s): Vanja Borš / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/139/2015

In this paper the attention is focused on the emergence of mental/rational thinking (level of consciousness), particularly in phylogenetic context, which is largely characterized by a deviation manifested in suppression and marginalization of the bodily. Namely, it is the emergence of the mental/rational which presents the beginning of the mentioned deviation (in mythic discourse presented and celebrated as the victory of the Hero over the Great Mother), that is, the suppression and marginalization of all that which has been or still is associated with the bodily: sexual, feminine, unconscious, nature, etc. Lastly, the starting point of this paper is that, through the deconstruction of the mind–body dichotomy, we need to awake the fundamentality of the bodily and thus, instead of suppressing and dissociating it as mentioned (which marks a considerable part of the Occidental history), transcend and integrate it healthily (which is characteristic of the integral thinking, that is, the integral level of consciousness).

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Tjelesna ontologija duše i zdravstvena reforma: adventistički zaokret u kršćanskoj antropologiji

Author(s): Matija Kovačević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/139/2015

Following the spread of Platonic anthropology, Christianity has started, already since the 2nd century A.D., to be dominated by dualism – a trend undisturbed by somewhat more holistic Thomism, and further strengthened by Cartesianism, which distanced Christian theology and soul even further away from the body. During the 1960s, theologians have become aware of the far more positive and inclusive attitude that the Bible has towards the body. Yet, a century before, the Adventist movement was born in conditionalism such as presented by Hobbes in Leviathan (XLIV). Man does not have a soul; he is a “living soul” – a body vivified by the “breath of life” (Gen 2:7). Without the body, there is no life, nor, consequentially, eternal hell. To this Adventists have also conjoined a philosophy of health reform in which the care of the body has a key role, and upon which depends man’s intellectual and spiritual wellbeing. On this foundation, they have built a rich healthcare and educational practice. This physicalist version of Christian anthropology is a unique worldview contribution to philosophy of the body and a subject worthy of academic attention.

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KLASIČNOST I MODERNOST POLITIČKE MISLI HASANA KAFIJE PRUŠČAKA

Author(s): Hilmo Neimarlija / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 64/2015

The article deals with cultural significance of the first multilingual edition of “Principles of Wisdom for the Order of the World” (Usulu’l-Hikem fi Nizami’l-Alem), the most imporantt work of Hasan Kafi, the significance of which surpasses by far an occasional character. Cultural significance of multilingual edition of Kafi’s renowned work “Principles of Wisdom for the Order of the World” is far more than a collection of historical facts and cannot be reduced to a contemplative unit of single significance. Pivotal value of Kafi’s work is contained actually in its openness to a free contemplative act which is to be found in Western Europe only after the seventeenth century, and which in later times, according to the author of the article, has been lost in many Muslim nations. In this the author sees a multiple sense of “later life “of Kafi’s work during the last four centuries. The article stresses upon some relevant points and examples of Kafi’s contemplative and critical position which oblige us today to a historical abridgement of a long chain of events, concepts and memories that have imbued, deformed and exalted Kafi’s original thought and which is exactly what makes us see in Hasan Kafi a thinker that obliges us with contemplative reasons and historical activism that for him and his contemporaries may have had a different meaning.

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Is normal science good science?

Author(s): Adrianna Kępińska / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2015

“Normal science” is a concept introduced by Thomas Kuhn in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). In Kuhn’s view, normal science means “puzzle solving”, solving problems within the paradigm—framework most successful in solving current major scienti c problems—rather than producing major novelties. This paper examines Kuhnian and Popperian accounts of normal science and their criticisms to assess if normal science is good. The advanta- ge of normal science according to Kuhn was “psychological”: subjective satis- faction from successful “puzzle solving”. Popper argues for an “intellectual” science, one that consistently refutes conjectures (hypotheses) and offers new ideas rather than focus on personal advantages. His account is criticized as too impersonal and idealistic. Feyerabend’s perspective seems more balanced; he argues for a community that would introduce new ideas, defend old ones, and enable scientists to develop in line with their subjective preferences. The paper concludes that normal science has no one clear-cut set of criteria encompassing its meaning and enabling clear assessment.

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O wieloznaczności terminu „pojęcie” w filozofii Hobbesa

Author(s): Krzysztof Wawrzonkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXVII/2015

The article presents some results of preparing a Polish translation of Thomas Hobbes’s first important work, Elements of law, natural and politic. I focus on explaining various meanings of the term “conception” as it is used by Hobbes in this writing. In his philosophy Hobbes uses the term in three different ways. The first of them refers to sense (or sensation) and image arising on sense organs as a result of the movement of external bodies mechanically affecting them. In its second meaning “conception” is understood as imagination, described also as a decaying sense. According to the third use of the term, “conception” is a state of understanding of something, or possessing a conception caused by speech (complex imagination). Such an undertaking makes it possible to reconstruct the development of the meaning of the term within the philosophy of Hobbes and the relation between his early and later writings, namely Elements of Law, Leviathan and De Corpore.

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Filozofijski ulomci i zapamćenja

Author(s): Zdravko Kordić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 91/2016

Ovi tekstovi su predviđeni kao zapisi, zapamćenja i ulomci koji su predavani još 1979./80. godine, kao i tekstovi prisjećanja i elemenata koje sam zapamtio predajući niz godina filozofiju u srednjim školama te na sveučilištu Hercegovina (Fakultetu društvenih znanosti). Naravno, nije riječ o povijesti filozofije, već o tekstovima koji su zapisani, zacrtani u mnogim udžbenicima i hrestomatijama, pa je tako ovaj tekst – čitateljski, koji može poslužiti u pojedinim slučajevima kao podsjećanje na izvođenje nekih nastavnih jedinica.

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La philologie en tant que mathèse

Author(s): Leo Rafolt / Language(s): French Issue: 2-3/2016

Dans une des préfaces du livre La littérature européenne et le moyen âge latin, Ernst Robert Curtius écrira que son oeuvre ne s’appuie pas sur l’utilité scientifique, mais surgit « d’un effort attentif à préserver la culture occidentale. Elle tente d’éclairer l’unité temporelle et spatiale par de nouvelles méthodes. Dans le chaos spirituel de la contemporanéité il advint nécessaire, aussi possible, de faire une démonstration de cette unité. Mais cela ne peut se produire que d’une position universelle » (Ernst Robert Curtius, La Littérature européenne et le Moyen âge latin, Presses universitaires de France, 1967).

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ТЕТРАГРАММАТОН И КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ЕДИНОЙ БОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ СУБСТАНЦИИ В «ИСПОВЕДИ», КН. VII АВГУСТИНА И В УЧЕНИИ СПИНОЗЫ

Author(s): Igor Tantlevskij / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The author supposes that the Tetragrammaton’s interpretation, attested in Ex. 3:14, exerted direct influence on the formation of the conception of single, eternal, and infinite God’s substantia, reflected in Augustine’s “Confessions”, book vii and in Spinoza’s teaching.

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Zagadnienie pochodzenia idei Boga w ujęciach Kartezjusza i J. L. Wolzogena

Author(s): Paweł Kosiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

My paper concerns René Descartes’s conception of innate idea of God and Johann Ludwig von Wolzogen’s critique of Descartes’s view. I gave a detailed analysis of the content of Meditations on First Philosophy by René Descartes and the content of Obiections to Descartes’ Meditations by Wolzogen, and on that basis, I reconstructed Descartes and Wolzogen’s views. It was also necessary to show the historical context of both philosophers’ ideas. Descartes argued that the idea of a perfect and infinite being was placed in mind by God. Wolzogen wanted to show that Descartes didn’t prove the idea of innate God. He believed that all ideas derive from sense experience and the mind generates idea of God. My main purpose was to show that Wolzogen accepted Thomistic’s view in which the human mind has imperfect concept of God.

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FROM KANT TO THE PROBLEM OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL METAPHYSICS. IN MEMORY OF LÁSZLÓ TENGELYI

Author(s): Inga Römer / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The article outlines the central lines of László Tengelyi’s intellectual path and hints at some perspectives that could be continued on the basis of his last writings. The first part shows the development of his thought from the first Hungarian works on Kant up to his last book, so as to pose the question of a possible unity in his work. Such a unity can be seen in the diacritical tension, systematically enlarged in each period, between freedom, the story of a told life, expression and the finite projection of a world on the one hand, and guilt as an event of destiny, the region of a wild sense, a wild responsibility and anopen infinite on the other hand. A second part presents the main ideas of «World and Infinit. On the Problem of Phenomenological Metaphysics», especially the programme of a phenomenological answer to the problem of metaphysics. The core of this programme is a metaphysics of facticity in the realm of which a methodological transcendentalism and a metontological transcendentalism become possible. At hird part tries to situate László Tengelyi’s ideas within the context of contemporary «realism». Two of Meillassoux’ central arguments are discussed in order to show how László Tengelyi’s approach provides a phenomenological answer to their challenges.

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MONADOLOGIE, KRITISCHE PHILOSOPHIE UND PHÄNOMENOLOGIE DES UNSTERBLICHEN ICH (LEIBNIZ, KANT UND HUSSERL)

Author(s): Guillermo Ferrer / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2014

This paper aims to research the different views of Leibniz, Kant and Husserl concerning the immortality of the «I». For this purposeI will read the Monadology from a phenomenological perspective, but taking into account Kants exposition of the Paralogismes inthe Critic of Pure Reason. There he points out the illusion which consists in taking the identical, but finally empty representation of the «I» for the givenness of his real substantiality, even his possible persistency after death. Because of this appearance which arises again and again from our very self-awareness we trend to assert that the «I» could persist indefinitely, besides that he couldn’t be annihilated at all due to internal causes or to an antagonism with circumstances of the external world. But in spite of the force of this critic, we can find in Leibniz‘ Monadology and somehow in Husserls‘ writings drafts of another conception of the self awareness which includes the experience on an organical continuity of the body. In the face of Kants‘ critic, this conception could perhaps raise new phenomenological questions about the relationship of self-awareness, mortality and even immortality of the «I».Thereby I want to show to what extent the question about the giveness or not-giveness of a certain infinity of self-consciousness can contribute to renew the meaning of a phenomenology of the death and the experience of mortality.

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Barono D’holbacho Pėdsakai XVIII A. Lietuvoje. Libertiniški Ldk Pabaigos Kontekstai

Author(s): Dalius Viliūnas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 74/2013

The article analyzes the religious worldview in Lithuania at the end of 18th century. This worldview en gross could be extrapolated into two major alternatives – catholic traditionalism, that is traditional theism and, second, deism related conjoined with the ideas of the Enlightenment. The problem is raised: Does the more radical alternative to deism, that is, atheism exist at this time? The article attempts to answer in the affirmative. A radical libertine trend in the worldview existed in Lithuania. The works of the best known French atheist D’Holbach were acquired. The article presents a manuscript copy of the text of d’Holbach and considers some ideas related with the fact of its presence.

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НАУКОВИЙ ДИСКУРС КУЛЬТУРИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ТЕОРІЙ ЙОГАНА ГОТФРІДА ГЕРДЕРА ТА ФРІДРІХА НІЦШЕ

Author(s): Lyudmyla Troyelʹnikova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2013

In the article there are the scientific paradigms of cultural reflection as coultourologii base in relation to becoming as fundamental scientific discoursou and practical vision of cultural processes.

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Imaju li bliske osobe prednost? Etičke i političke dužnosti uzajamne pomoći

Author(s): Michal Sládeček / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/145/2017

The first part of the article explores David Hume’s and Adam Smith’s reasons due to which mutual care is limited to people close to one another, at which point the authors emphasize the influence of both emotional and physical closeness. Contrary to this, Singer’s conception of universal duties implies that from the perspective of morality the particularity of relationships between moral subjects is irrelevant, and that ethical actions should be led by the content, i.e. the significance, urgency, and relevance of needs. This text argues that it is insufficient for duties to be established exclusively on the basis of the needs of person who requires assistance, and that duties as concrete ethical imperatives are inseparable from assignments that belong to subjects as duty-holders. The article analyses in what way the encounter or physical closeness may constitute special relationships. In addition, the text analyses whether, and in what way, residing on the same territory, that is, within the borders of the state, may be accepted as an argument in favour of special duties. The argumentation defending the specificity of duties formed on the basis of closeness would imply that non-citizens in our country, who came here due to extremely bad conditions in their own state, should receive assistance just as our co-citizens.

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TOWARDS A GENUINE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A CASE FOR KANT’S EPISTEMIC CO-OPERATIVISM IN NIGERIA

Author(s): Maduka Enyimba,Ephraim Ahamefula Ikegbu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

Genuine and lasting development in Nigerian State and in Africa at large has been a mirage over the years. Despite the numerous efforts by governments, individuals and cooperate bodies, many aspects of the nation‘s and indeed the continent's economy is in need of development. It is in light of the above that this paper addresses the development crisis in Nigeria and by extension Africa using Kant‘s epistemic co-operativism as a yardstick. By Kant‘s epistemic co-operativism the paper refers to Kant‘s reconciliatory approach to the empiricist‘s-rationalist‘s crisis which to a large extent laid to rest the epistemic imbroglio of the 17th and 18th century BC. It is believed that following this approach, not only will Nigeria experience national growth, but also lasting peace and genuine development will become a reality in African continent.

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