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BÓG FILOZOFÓW WOBEC BOGA MISTYKÓW: WYŻSZOŚĆ BEZ PROTEKCJONALNOŚCI

Author(s): Marek Kozłowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2013

To confront mystics and philosophers in respect of the ways they experience God’s presence we assume that they all agree about sense of reference to the absolute being as well as that both parties accomplish that in their own, qualitatively different way. Treating mysticism with the respect due to its contribution to render religious truth of humanity accessible, philosophy transcends the religion of a shepherd lordly priming his flock and becomes the dialogue which transforms the flock into a community of intelligent people participating in the whole accessible truth through their own “I think”.

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A MAN IS FREE AS HE IS THE IMAGE OF GODLY FREEDOM. FYODOR DOSTOEVSKY’S FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT FREEDOM

Author(s): Iwona Magdalena Perkowska / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2013

The article presents Fyodor Dostoevsky’s considerations of freedom based on both The Brothers Karamazov and The Idiot. The writer shows, that dealing with own freedom is one of the greatest tasks in human life and man's future fate depends wholly on how he copes with this task. Freedom is a fundamental concept in a philosophical anthropology of the Russian novelist. According to his grasp of the problem of evil this is a man, who appears the source of all misery, which he brings upon himself, among which not atheism but false understanding of God is the greatest one.

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ŚMIERĆ I SUPERBOHATER W REFLEKSJI FILOZOFICZNEJ BOLESŁAWA MICIŃSKIEGO

Author(s): Małgorzata Kasperska-Ścibior / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2013

The purpose of this short essay is to present the profile of pre-war polish writer and philosopher Bolesław Miciński. On the occasion of the second edition of his writings it is worth to recall the memory of him. This exceptional penman suffered from his youth and awareness of impending death permeated his thought and creativity. Short life and war caused the forgetting of his achievements and literary output. This is a huge loss because his work was ahead of his time. Popular literature has a special place in his work. Miciński believed that literary texts looking for the truth about human life. For his master Jerzy Stempowski thought that literature has the value of describing and explaining the truth about the meaning of the existence of man. The main characters of his philosophizing essays were superheroes and death. Philosopher did not accept the existing system of values, but sought their real meaning.These experiences have brought him close to the existentialists.

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PSYCHOTERAPIA GESTALT I JEJ ONTOLOGICZNE ŹRÓDŁA

Author(s): Mariola Paruzel-Czachura / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2013

The article is an attempt to describe the ontological bases of Gestalt psychotherapy, both known and unknown to authors of Gestalt. Gestalt is inspired by the ancient, the modern and the contemporary philosophy. The ontological principles underlying Gestalt are holism, monism, harmony of opposites, process, cyclicality, present time and the paradoxical theory of change.

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CZY MONIZM ANOMALNY JEST SPRZYMIERZEŃCEM NIEKONSTRUKTYWNEGO NATURALIZMU?

Author(s): Patryk Pogoda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2013

The paper argues that Davidson’s thesis of the anomalous character of mental life is a natural supporter for McGinn’s anti-constructive naturalism. In the first two parts of the article I discuss both positions. In the third I will try to show similarities and differences between them and the way in which anomalous monism can support McGinns theory.

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NIETZSCHE KONTRA NIHILIZM. GENEALOGICZNE PRZYCZYNKI DO DYSKUSJI NAD WARTOŚCIĄ WARTOŚCI MORALNYCH

Author(s): Robert Dolewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2014

The object of this work is to show Nietzsche’s philosophical attitude towards nihilism as focused on overcoming nihilism. The way leading towards overcoming nihilism guides through criticism of moral values descended from Platonism and Christianity. Therefore, the overcoming of nihilism necessitates a moment of radical nihilism — destruction of the highest European values — resulting from undertaking the critique of moral values. Genealogy is considered here to be the main tool used by Nietzsche in his criticism — an art of interpreting the condition’s in which moral values emerge in order to determine their value with regard to human life (understood as the will to power). At the same time, the Nietzschean genealogy is considered to unfold the path towards overcoming nihilism, as it shows the ability of the human being to represent and bestow values to life — and through the category of the will to power, sets a criterion for comparison of different values in terms of their strengthening or weakening influence.

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THE ETHOPOIETIC FUNCTION OF WRITING: HOW TO WRITE TO MASTER ONE’S OWN IDENTITY. ON THE BASIS OF THE LATE WORKS BY MICHEL FOUCAULT

Author(s): Paulina Kłos / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2014

The ethopoietic function of writing is a term used to describe the possibility launched by the process of writing to transform theoretical truths into ethos — the rule that governs our vita activa. In his writings Foucault presents the concise, yet detailed, methods of governing and mastering the Self. Seneca’s hupomnēmata are an example of how to integrate theoretical knowledge into the very “body” of the Self. Introducing words into the virtual space between present consciousness and future unconsciousness increases the distance between “I” and death; hence, Foucault concludes that “we write so as not to die.” “Essential affinity between death, endless striving and the self representation of language” is, in this sense, the condition for the creation of an identity. I would like to present the ways in which Foucault assimilates all these paths to make the aesthetics and ethics of our existence coherent and complete.

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PSTRYCZEK W NOS KARTEZJUSZA

Author(s): Olga Szmidt / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2014

The review of: Człowiek jako słowo i ciało. W poszukiwaniu nowej koncepcji podmiotu by Katarzyna Gurczyńska-Sady; Kraków: Universitas, 2014

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CIERPIENIE, ROZDARCIE, NIESPEŁNIENIE: DESTRUKCYJNY EROS W DZIELE F. DOSTOJEWSKIEGO

Author(s): Michał Kruszelnicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 28/2015

My paper discusses the idea of destructive eroticism in the work of Fyodor Dostoevsky. Eros is posited here as manifesting in two, opposite forms: the Christian virtue of agape consisting in a humble service to a beloved person, and the Greek eros which in Dostoevsky is transformed into destructive love, one steeped in egoism and sadistic-masochistic impulses. I want to argue that destructive eroticism is for Dostoevsky of greatest interest, while love conceived as agape serves in his work only as a minor, normative projection, a tribute paid to the Russian Orthodox worldview. In my analysis I refer to Georges Bataille’s philosophical thought to combine the pattern of unfulfilled and ruinous love in Dostoevsky with his conviction that irrational aspects of man, his penchant to evil and transgression can be seen as a measure of the intensity and authenticity of one’s spiritual life. Contrary to religious interpretations of Dostoevsky, I argue that the author of Crime and Punishment prefers to cast his protagonists into the limbo of suffering, anguish and distress and therefore he ultimately rejects the possibility that human beings can content themselves with a mediocre life in which existential complacency is bought at a price of resignation from dangerous passions of which one could say that were “worth a life”.

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THE FATE OF MISGUIDED SOULS: KUNDAKUNDA’S AND AMRTACHANDRA-SŪRI’S PESPECTIVE

Author(s): Małgorzata Glinicka / Language(s): English Issue: 29/2015

The article is aimed at juxtaposition of two Jaina thinkers’ concepts related to the status of living beings mired with delusion, i.e. Kundakunda’s (2nd c. CE) and Amṛtachandra-sūri’s (10th c. CE) perspective according to Samaya-sāra of the former and Puruṣârthasiddhy-upāya of the latter. According to the Jaina philosophy an individual soul (jīva) attains respective stages of spiritual development traversing the whole scope spread between mithyātva (“falsity”) and samyaktva (“perfection”) tiers. Each state is strictly connected with the level of immersion in saṃsāra. These levels of spiritual development are a result of deluding karmas (mohanīya karma). The factor joining a cycle of births and concrete living entity is a karmic matter of subtle conformation glueing itself and cohering to a being. The article is focused on presenting types of delusion and its causing factors on the basis of two temporarily distant but contentwise compatibile works.

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SUMA WSZYSTKICH INSTYNKTÓW. HUME, NAWYK I NATURALIZACJA RELIGII

Author(s): Tomasz Sieczkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/2015

The paper aims to analyze the concept of habit in Hume and its operations in two theoretical dimensions: theory of knowledge and theory of religion. Hume considers habit as an instinctual basis for all judgments (beliefs) about the external world and also about the supposed existence of the supernatural. Hume’s thought, both in the domain of epistemology and philosophy of religion can thus be viewed as naturalized, claiming that the biological, instinctual traits of human nature are responsible for our beliefforming operations. Especially, Hume’s naturalization of religion seems to be ahead of its time and his methodological approach is now being developed by many leading anthropologists, biologists and philosophers.

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PROBLEM ŚMIERCI I SAMOBÓJSTWA W FILOZOFII HENRYKA ELZENBERGA

Author(s): Anna Kasperek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2016

The questions of death and suicide have been discussed in philosophy and religion since the antiquity. In the polish philosophy these topics were analyzed by Henryk Elzenberg. His pessimistic point of view was determined by poetry of Leonte de Lisle. Elzenberg took inspirations also from Buddhist thought and existential philosophy. According to Elzenberg, the death is liberation from the body prison. He accepted individual suicide. Suicide is a kind of a social watchman, last institution where suffering man can find his support.

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Egzystencjalna lektura Biblii w tomiku „Doświadczanie ziemi” ks. Janusza Stanisława Pasierba

Author(s): Krzysztof Kranicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2014

This article aims to present poetry as a record of the existential interpretation of Scripture. As an illustration of this issue, the article examines the book of “Experiencing the Earth” by Fr. Janusz St. Pasierb (1929–1993). The text is part of the current research literature as a locus theologicus

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MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY: U ZARANIA FILOZOFII RÓŻNICY WE FRANCJI

Author(s): Małgorzata Kwietniewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2016

The article presents a general characterisation of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s thought, particularly pointing to an ambivalence in his views. According to the author, this ambivalence is created on purpose and leads the philosopher to initiate a French version of philosophy of difference. It turns out that though Merleau-Ponty declares appreciation towards Husserl’s phenomenology and Sartre’s existentialism, he is closer to classical German philosophy: Hegel and Heidegger.

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RECENZJA KSIĄŻKI: HENRYK BENISZ, SCHOPENHAUER, NIETSCHE, HEIDEGGER

Author(s): Katarzyna Kremplewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2016

The review of: Schopenhauer, Nietsche, Heidegger. Fundamentalne kwestie filozofii życia by Henryk Benisz; Kęty: Wydawnictwo Marek Derewiecki, 2015, ss. 600

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BAROK W MISTYCE – HIPERTROFIA MYŚLI I EMOCJI? (1)

Author(s): Krzysztof Matuszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2016

In mysticism, I am mostly interested in emanations of some type of intensity of existence, which abstracts from the biological one. Revoking a treaty with time results in a puzzling personal experience, the story of which can be treated as an existential lesson. In mysticism, the truth becomes known through faith. It finds its source in love, which is the soul’s response for the salutary love of God directed at it. As a refusal of the demands of human nature, mysticism offers an entrance into the realm of the spirit and transcendence. The latter is approached by man through a sacrifice of love, which cleanses him of the ontological stain and guilt. The first stage of this peregrination is purification. It is an act of conscience stimulated by the vision of Christ’s passion, foreseeing death and inevitable Judgement. Purification is an encouragement for contrition and responsibility going beyond the temporal limits. In the second stage of the journey to God (illumination), a prayer for grace of life under the aegis of the cross substitutes the lament over oneself. It will be a life of humility, contemplation and doloristic imitation, crowned with love understood as following the intention of God.

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MATERIALITY OF LANGUAGE IN JAIN PHILOSOPHY: INTRODUCTORY MATTERS

Author(s): Małgorzata Glinicka / Language(s): English Issue: 35/2016

The aim of this article is to describe the concept of language materiality in the Jain philosophy, focusing on the literature of classical period (5th-10th c. CE). I concentrate on the following texts: Viyāhapannatti, Ālāpapaddhati, Tattvârtha-sūtra, Tattvârthasūtra-rājavārttika etc. I take into account diverse questions such as: multidimensionality of reality, attendance of matter, the theory of molecules (vargaṇās) and the problem of matter modifications (pariṇāma).

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UPADEK ALBERTA CAMUS I WZLOT JACKA DOBROWOLSKIEGO

Author(s): Marcin Polak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2016

The Rise and the Fall of the Modern Man is an excellent philosophical essay written by Jacek Dobrowolski. The author – which is contemporary, existential nihilist with pretensions to a minimum of compassion-morality – tracks the development of the idea of the modern subjectivity, swinging between literature and philosophy. He mastered the rare art of concise updates of momentous philosophical issues, by which he refers in hedge-hopping vivacious style. The review notes the advantages (and shortcomings) of the essay, exposing the main focal points present in its insightful narration developed from disenchanted antiquity to the exhausted post-modernity.

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CZŁOWIEK I JEGO DUCHOWOŚĆ. EDYTY STEIN ROZUMIENIE OSOBY

Author(s): Jadwiga Guerrero van der Meijden / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35B/2016

This article discusses the concept of a person in Edith Stein’s philosophical anthropology. It is a key-concept of Stein’s early and later philosophical theories. I discuss the properties and conditions of being a person, in particular: spirituality, rationality, freedom, being an ego and the individuality of persons. Analysis is confronted with the historical beginnings of the term ‘person’. The main focus of the article is the relation between the two concepts: ‘person’ and ‘human being’. Thus, the article’s final section discusses the exclusive character of Stein’s theory of a person.

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ZAGADNIENIA HOLIZMU W KONTEKŚCIE RELACJONIZMU I STRUKTURALIZMU

Author(s): Damian Luty / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35B/2016

Two positions in which the mode of existence of Spacetime is considered are reconstructed — relationism and structuralism (I discuss the version of structuralism one can find in the so-called Ontic Structural Realism). I present and describe the notion of gravitational nonlocalities, at which one arrives through the difficulties with formulating laws of energy conservation in General Relativity. I state and try to defend a thesis, that the above difficulty may rise two different „weak” holisms on the ground of each mentioned position.

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