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Consideration about Moral Accomplishment: a Necessity in today’s World

Author(s): Iulia Ţuţuianu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

Unlike in the atheist existentialism, the Christian one finds the individual in palpable situations, seen as opportunities in the process of personal accomplishment. The existentialism is not a quietude philosophy, but it asks for permanent effort. The religious man has a meaning, a purpose, The Encounter with Absolute, his entire life being part of Propedeutica. He replaces the anguish with hope, with the joy of being closed to God which occurs in each moment when we are aware that we follow our destiny

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Drogi absurdu

Author(s): Marcin Olszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: _/2015

The category of the absurd is one of main themes around which the whole philosophical and literary work of Albert Camus is focused upon. Initially, the category of the absurd was an existential category which places man in the face of devastating tragedy of his own fate. The only salvation for man, according to Camus, is a conscious experience of the absurdity of his own existence. Furthermore, the awareness of the absurdity of the human condition implies a number of consequences which are: revolt, an absurd freedom, and ethics of quantity. However, the attitude of the conscious experience of absurdity was not enough for Camus. The answer to the question of how to live in a meaningless world was not discovered because, together with the consequences outstretched from the absurdity of human existence, came the question of moral justification of murder. Along with the increasing appreciation for social values such as human solidarity and responsibility and the development of the concept of revolt, the category of the absurd took on new meaning. In the second phase of Albert Camus’ work the absurdity becomes a foundation of a community based on fraternity and love, and a space for dialogue between people. We will see that clearly by comparing the early works of Camus, such as The Myth of Sisyphus, The Stranger, Caligula and The Misunderstanding with his late works such as The Plague and The Rebel. This article aims to capture the change in the meaning of the category of the absurd in the work of the French philosopher and moralist. The life of Camus had a huge impact on his philosophical thought, thus a brief introduction to the life of our thinker allows us to explore the origins of his philosophical concepts. After that, we follow Camus to uncover the evidence of a change in approach to the absurdity of human existence.

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Mediteransko mišljenje

Author(s): Henning Ottmann / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/137/2015

In L’Homme révolté Camus developed an enigmatic “Mediterranean philosophy”. In this paper it is shown how Camus saw in this philosophy his answer to the “revolt” of the 19th and 20th century. Furthermore, it is a philosophy which has a political background in French politics, which hitherto has been overlooked.

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Author(s): Ernst Jünger / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 19/2014

U uvodnim rečenicama Volje za moć Nietzsche sebe sama označuje kao »prvog savršenog nihilista Europe, no koji je nihilizam sam već u se bi proživio do kraja – koji ga ima iza sebe, ispod sebe, izvan sebe.«

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Još jednom o mišljenju egzistencije

Author(s): Jugoslav Vuk Tepić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/2014

Contemplation of existence as a concrete human situation in the world has been forever present in the philosophical thinking, even when it was not explicitly intended so by the philosopher. It is similar with stating the con¬templated issue using the metaphoric language. That presents two impossi¬ble-to-bypass characteristics with reference to every individual philosophy of existence. Many others shall be pointed to, in order to place our contemplation in between subject and science, i.e. existence and philosophy. Discussion shall take its course through the reflection on basic classification of philosophy of existence in general, as well as over contemporary thinking, philosophical and non-philosophical, in which one spots more important characteristics of this contemplation milieu.

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Sjaj i bijeda Martina Heideggera

Author(s): Karl Jaspers / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 03/1997

Ono između Jaspersa i Hajdegera je bilo, uprkos tome što je propalo, jedno od rijetkih zvjezdanih prijateljstava koje je poznavala filozofija našeg stoljeća. Put dvojice mislilaca se ukrstio početkom dvadesetih godina, i tokom izvjesnog perioda, činilo se, da će se iz tog susreta roditi duboki filozofski dijalog. Da se do kraja produbio, mogao je izmijeniti sudbinu njemačke filozofije devetnaestog stoljeća. Prepiska između njih dvojice, koja je u međuvremenu objavljena i koja obuhvata sto pedeset i sedam pisama pisanih između 1920. i 1963., svjedoči o intenzivnosti odnosa i predstavlja jedan od najinteresantnijih dokumenata duhovne historije našeg stoljeća.

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Heideggerov trenutak odluke

Author(s): Hans Sluga / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01/1999

Martin Heidegger je izabran za rektora Univerziteta u Freiburgu 27. maja 1993., četiri mjeseca nakon što je Hitler došao na vlast. Historijska pozadina ovog događaja, tim povodom upriličena svečanost, te Heideggerove pomno birane riječi u njegovom obraćanju, sve to ukazuje da je riječ o onim posebnim trenucima kada se najednom pokaže da filozofija i politika nisu dvije nespojive stvari. Čini se da je u velikoj dvorani u Freiburgu sklopljen sporazum između dvije strane: Heidegger, filozof, ponudio je svoju podršku novom režimu, a režim je bio spreman da slavi ovog filozofa kao jednog od svojih.

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Istina bitka i historija filozofije

Author(s): Mark B. Okrent / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01/1999

U recentnom članku, Richard Rorty je pokušao približiti Heideggera i Deweyja. Nalazeći značajne tačke u kojima se njih dvojica slažu i indirektno hvaleći većinu Heideggerovih djela, Rorty također navodi niz zamjerki Heideggeru. Svi problemi koje Rorty nalazi kod Heideggera mogu, mislim, biti reducirani na jednu osnovnu kritiku, koja ima dvije glavne strane. Po Rortyjevom stanovištu, Heidegger ne može stvarno diferencirati bitak i bića na način koji želi, i zato ne može dati ni jedan drugi smisao riječi "bitak" osim starog metafizičkog.

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Filozofija i ljudska egzistencija

Author(s): Rasim Muminović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 07/1996

Ma koliko asocirala na univerzalnu znanost, filozofija se zbiva tamo gdje probuđeni subjekt razmišlja o tome otkuda dolazi i kamo odlazi, šta čeka i šta ga čeka, čemu se nada. U mnoštvu neobičnosti i poznatosti susreće se njeno zazivanje svega i svačega, što čini susret s njenim mišljenjem sličnim susretu s munjama koje osvjetljavaju fundamentalne mogućnosti ljudskog bivstvovanja. Zapravo, filozofija je beskompromisno buđenje slutnji u našem biću, otvaranje pojava, napadanje na stereotipije i uobičajenosti, skeptičko zazivanje i najčistijeg predanja.

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NIEPOJMOWALNOŚĆ ABSOLUTNA

Author(s): Stanisław Buda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 28/2015

The author attempts to rethink the philosophical problem of "absolute incomprehensibility". The problem arises in connection with a quest for the possibility of a final and absolute consolidation of sources and reasons of everything that aspires to have sense, that is, in connection with the question of reasonableness itself. The key issue proves to be relationships of categories like: absolute, reality, man and philosophizing. All this requires serious metaphysical settlements. In the final conclusions the author postulates the complementation of apophatic theology and apophatic anthropology.

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Einbildung et Ent-wurf. Chemin de l’imagination chez Heidegger en 1929–1930

Author(s): Giulio Mellana / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2020

In this article, the author intends to show that the question of the human being as weltbildend, which Heidegger discusses in his lecture on Grundbegriffe der Metaphysik (WS 1929/30), could be helpfully read in light of Kant und das Problem der Metaphysik (1929), so as to appreciate the role played by the destruction (Destruktion) of Kant’s Einbildungskraft in the description of Weltbildung. The latter is only a formal indication (formale Anzeige), which is useful to make thought proceed, but which cannot escape its final destruction. The language of bilden is meant to be dissolved in another language. In this contribution, particular attention is given to the concluding paragraph 76 of Grundbegriffe der Metaphysik, by insisting on the notion of Ent-wurf.

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Common people: Kierkegaard and the dialectics of populism

Author(s): René Rosfort / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In this article, I propose to use Søren Kierkegaard’s existential critique of the establishment — intellectual, social, and religious — in the name of common people to bring out the dialectic character of populism often overlooked or ignored in the present-day use of the concept. Although populism is generally viewed as negative, Kierkegaard can help us to see that notwithstanding the very real and dangerous threat that populism poses to liberal societies, it is not, from a liberal perspective, unequivocally negative. Populism is endemic to liberalism, and we should not — and cannot — simply try to suppress or eradicate populism from our agendas. Instead, we have to see how populism dialectically reveals serious problems at the heart of contemporary liberalism. A Kierkegaardian approach to populism will allow me to bring out one of the most fundamental of these problems, namely the persistent inequality that permeates liberal democracies undermining the admittedly vague Enlightenment ideal of equality.

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WOBEC ZIEMI. MIĘDZY ALIENACJĄ A ZAKORZENIENIEM

Author(s): Marek Krajewski,Ariel Modrzyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article concerns that aspect of human existence that is frequently neglected both in everyday reflection and in social and humanistic research; namely, earth (soil). It attempts to make a synthetic reconstruction of the relations binding man with the soil preferred in western culture. Apart from identification of the predominant relations, which can be boiled down to it being treated as inanimate matter that is exploited, other concepts are also presented in which soil is perceived as the fundamental medium in sustaining life, change, and the transformation and reshaping of everything that exists. The article comprises three fragments, focusing on practices in cultivation, burial, and celebratory forms of contact with the soil.

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Útban a bűn létfogalma felé

Author(s): Tamás Beck / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 03/2024

In my thesis I examine certain historical antecedents of the Heideggerian concept of sin. More precisely, I select two important precursors of Heidegger from the modern German philosophical tradition to show how, following the changes in their ethical concept, they leave behind the concept of action of sin after a while, reaching the idea of the originality of our sinful existence. I must touch upon the relationship of the two authors to religion or to modern educational theory, and I will also attempt to draw some surprising conclusions about human autonomy and the possibility of happiness using examples from fiction. In my work, I keep in mind that ominous authors have always developed their work within the realm of ethics, and only Heidegger will transform the concept of sin into an existential term, opening a new era in universal ontology.

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Stesk po domově a mezní situace. K Jaspersově rané recepci díla S. Kierkegaarda

Author(s): Jakub Marek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 65/2023

The study focuses on the relationship between K. Jaspers and S. Kierkegaard. First, it evaluates the current scholarship regarding Jaspers’ reception of Kierkegaard’s thought; second, it offers an independent analysis of Jaspers’ early work (especially the 1909 Heimweh und Verbrechen, and then the Psychologie der Weltanschauungen). It is demonstrated that Jaspers’ early work on nostalgia presents the first case study of limit situations (Grenzsituationen). The paper traces the link between Kierkegaard’s conception of aesthetic existence and Jaspers’ concept of limit situations. It is shown that Jaspers’ study of nostalgia can be considered the original inspiration for the idea of limit situations, and that, at the same time, it was arguably Kierkegaard who had helped Jaspers to develop this germinal idea into a broader notion of limit situations.

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Odevzdání bez přijetí? K motivu existence mezi Jaspersem a Patočkou

Author(s): Ondřej Sikora / Language(s): Czech Issue: 65/2023

The essay presents Patočka’s intellectual relationship to Karl Jaspers on the basis of his texts from the 1960s and 1970s, with a starting point in the 1969 study What is Existence?. After introducing some general connections and differences, based in particular on the forms of heresy in both philosophers, the basic contours of the notion of existence are examined more closely. Patočka understands existence as the performance of a threefold movement that is in many respects problematic. The virtue of Jaspers’ position, on the other hand, lies in its focused clarity. While both thinkers emphasize the concept of authentic performance, the key issue becomes its one-sidedness, which can be described as surrender without acceptance.

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O mé filosofii

Author(s): Karl Jaspers / Language(s): Czech Issue: 65/2023

Czech translation of Karl Jaspers’ Über meine Philosophie. Karl Jaspers reflects on his philosophical journey, emphasizing the absence of religious dogma in his upbringing and his initial pursuit of law and medicine before turning to philosophy. He discusses the importance of empirical study and the practical application of philosophy in life, highlighting his transition from psychology to philosophy. Jaspers stresses the significance of historical tradition in shaping philosophical inquiry and the necessity of engaging with the works of great philosophers to understand the essence of philosophy. He also addresses the challenges of contemporary philosophy, including the need to navigate the complexities of modern science and society while maintaining a connection to the fundamental questions of existence.

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K Jaspersovu textu „O mé filosofii“

Author(s): Václav Dostál / Language(s): Czech Issue: 65/2023

This paper is a commentary to the Jaspers’ Article “On My Philosophy”. The document discusses Karl Jaspers' philosophy, reflecting on his intellectual self-portrait from 1941, when he was 58 years old. It highlights Jaspers' withdrawal from public life due to the rise of Hitler's regime and his significant contributions to German philosophy. The text also delves into the specific circumstances under which it was written, prompted by Renato de Rosa, a 20-year-old Italian philosophy student. Furthermore, it addresses Jaspers' approach to philosophy as intertwined with his personal fate, offering a unique perspective on how his philosophical tasks and journey to philosophy were shaped by his life experiences. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding philosophy as a personal testimony and Jaspers' non-traditional academic path from medicine and psychiatry to philosophy. It concludes with an exploration of Jaspers' key philosophical questions inspired by Kant, covering knowledge, communication, truth, humanity, and transcendence, all of which stem from the practice of philosophizing and the consciousness of being.

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Jaspersovo pojetí víry

Author(s): Ladislav Hejdánek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 65/2023

Commentary from the Czech philosopher Ladislav Hejdánek on the Karl Jaspers’ conception of faith. Karl Jaspers' concept of faith within his philosophical system, emphasizing the individuality of philosophical thought and the importance of open dialogue. It discusses the various modes of the "encompassing" (das Umgreifende) and how faith is integral to human existence, transcending mere factual immanence through historical decision-making. Jaspers' philosophy asserts that true faith cannot be forced by reason but is rooted in an inherent source that enables choice and existence. The text also explores the relationship between faith and skepticism, the role of faith in understanding and expressing the "encompassing," and the limitations of objective statements of faith. Ultimately, it suggests that faith is a dynamic force that resists definitive formulation, driving the search for self-understanding and meaning.

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Bibliografie ke Karlu Jaspersovi

Author(s): Václav Dostál / Language(s): Czech Issue: 65/2023

This paper provides a comprehensive bibliography related to Karl Jaspers, detailing his collected works published in the Karl-Jaspers-Gesamtausgabe, Czech and Slovak translations of his texts, and secondary literature available in Czech and Slovak. It outlines the structure of Jaspers' collected works, including new editions of his published works, unpublished texts from his estate, and selected correspondence, all accompanied by editorial introductions and comments. The bibliography also highlights Jaspers' personal library located in Oldenburg, containing approximately 12,000 titles with his annotations and comments.

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