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Песента на чановете – „най-красноречивият език на миналото“

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Песента на чановете – „най-красноречивият език на миналото“

Author(s): Nikolay Turlakov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

It is not only inappropriate and preposterous, but also impossible, to write a summary of a poem. This is is also true for writing an interpretation of a poem. If the interpretation is adequate, there is nothing that can be summarized about it. Because no parts of it are more or less important than others. This essay presents an interpretation of a motif in two short stories from two Bulgarian writers. The motif concerns the existential meaning and significance of the feeling of life and authenticity in the memories of the past.

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Tarp apšviestosios sąžiningos sąmonės ir saviapgaulės: Hegelio ir J.-P. Sartre’o jungtys

Author(s): Gintautas Mažeikis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2016

Criticism of the ideals of enlightenment is developed in the article by emphasising the limits of the enlightened conscientious reason, objective self-deception and importance of non-foundationalism for existential self-determination. Objectivation, principality and conscientious consistency are often deviations caused by enlightenment. These deviations influence contemporary political and institutional solutions and social regulation. The article is written in the polemic spirit with a lot of reference to the contemporary processes and analyses: a) considerations of ideas of G. Hegel about the enlightened conscientious and unhappy reason, as well as about the limits of objectivation and servitude to abstract principles - these ideas are expanded in his Phenomenology of the Spirit; b) discussion of Sartre about objective bad faith or self-deception and the phenomenon of being-together-with-others as presented in his works Being and Nothingness and Existentialism is Humanism; c) discussion about the importance of non-foundationalism for existential self-determination. The idea of self-deception is interpreted in the context of Nothingness, dialectical negation, making new faces and assuming new social roles. The article represents an active, socially integrated and enabled man, who together with others continuously overpasses the restraints of objectivism and principality, as well as opens possibilities for dialogue of alternatives, their diplomacy and politicality. The aim of the article is to actualise criticism of the conscientious reason, enlightened self-deception and bad faith. The conclusions are applied in the analysis of contemporary public objective attitudes and for solutions of social-constructivism.

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“İnancım Olmasaydı Kendimi Öldürürdüm!” Şizofreniden Muzdarip Hastalarda Manevi Başa Çıkma

Author(s): Hilde Hustoft,Knut A. Hestad,Lars Lien,Paul Møller,Lars Johan Danbolt / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2015

Spirituality, religiousness, and existential thought were qualitatively investigated in six patients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The present study is a deepening of a recently published quantitative investigation by Danbolt, Møller, Lien, and Hestad (2011). The patients in the present study were chosen on the basis of diversity as to how they experienced their spirituality to be of significance when coping with their disorder. The informants displayed many signs of spiritual struggle and transitional spiritual coping strategies, all of which seemed to be linked to hallucinatory experiences. Even though their spirituality met the criteria of religious delusions, the patients described their spirituality to have vital importance. The informants showed little spiritual preknowledge and seemed to be left alone without any clerical support in their spiritual struggle. This may underline the importance of including spiritual issues in the treatment of these patients.

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Улицата като място на превращение при немските експресионисти, Гео Милев и Асен Разцветников

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Улицата като място на превращение при немските експресионисти, Гео Милев и Асен Разцветников

Author(s): Vasil Vasilev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

This text deals with the dynamics and dialectics of the street as a special space of multifaceted impacts and transformations, which are in many cases of a borderline and ecstatic kind. From the viewpoint of the authors under consideration, the street is seen and experienced as a topos of crisis, of revelations, but also of secrets, of apocalyptic visions revealed primarily in the depths of affect, but also through morbid expressionistic reflection; visions that seem to come together and unite within hypnotic prophecies...

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Par Dievu un Labo. Tulkojums no angļu valodas, atzīmējot britu rakstnieces un filozofes simtgadi

Author(s): Airisa Mērdoka / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 3/2019

Nodarbojoties ar filozofiju, mēs pētām paši savu temperamentu un vienlaikus cenšamies atklāt patiesību. Man šķiet, ka mūsdienu morāles filozofijā ir kāda neaizpildīta niša. Vairākas garīgās dzīves jomas, kas saistītas ar filozofiju, vai nu vēršas plašumā (psiholoģija, politiskās un sociālās teorijas), vai brūk kopā (reliģija), bet filozofija nespēj tām tikt līdzi – vai nu sniedzot atbalstu (pirmajā gadījumā), vai otrajā – palīdzot saglabāt atbilstošās vērtības. Nepieciešams izveidot darbotiesspējīgu filozofisko psiholoģiju, kura varētu vismaz mēģināt savienot moderno psiholoģijas terminoloģiju ar vērtību jēdzieniem.

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Postmoderni egzistencijalizam Vudija Alena

Author(s): Nikola Božilović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 17-18/2019

With the intention of portraying the film director (actor, screenwriter) Woody Allen as a (non-typical) existentialist and postmodernist in the genre of film comedy, the author of this paper first explicates the basic terms – philosophical existentialism and artistic postmodernism. The central part of this paper is dedicated to the analysis of typical scenes from the most important Allen’s films (Annie Hall, Love and Death, Irrational Man, etc.) where, on the one hand, his position on the meaninglessness of life, death, the absurd, despair is emphasizedand in which, on the other, he uses certain postmodern forms to aesthetically shape his thoughts. The research approach is close to the cultural studies discourse in it being multidisciplinary, that is, drawing together sociology, philosophy, psychology, semiology and aesthetics in an intrinsic, and not a mechanic manner. The author’s aim is to empirically determine whether and to which extent Woody Allen’s film creativity is informed by the existentialist thought of Kierkegaard, Heidegger or Sartre, on the one hand, and how affected he is in the aesthetic sense by postmodern philosophers Lyotard, Jameson and Baudrillard, on the other. Despite the fact that Woody Allen is not a typical postmodernist, it is challenging and creatively inspirational to examine the specific characteristics of his postmodernist expression (intertextuality, self-reflectiveness, nonlinear narrative, eclecticism, intertwining of genre conventions), as well as the postmodernist narrative techniques he employs (parody, irony, pastiche, satire, allusion).

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The postmodern existentialism of Woody Allen

Author(s): Nikola Božilović / Language(s): English Issue: 17-18/2019

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За човека като техническо животно (ортегианско размишление)

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За човека като техническо животно (ортегианско размишление)

Author(s): Nikolay Tsenkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The article focuses on José Ortega y Gasset's understanding of technique. According to this Ortegian understanding man imposes on nature his technological power not simply to satisfy his needs, but also as a manifestation of the continual conquest of reality. Through the prism of technique, the article presents an interpretation of the Spanish philosopher’s vision on the creation of being through incessant activity: man creates his own existence not only economically, but also metaphysically.Ortega y Gasset's conception of technology is also linked to another central theme in his philosophy – life as a radical reality. This issue is also discussed together with some pejorative social phenomena related to technological development like the crisis of desires, the acceleration of life, and the lack of interest on the part of the masses in the cultural conditions that make technological progress possible.

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“Turn back if possible!” On Fears Related to the “End” and Hopes for a “Continuation” in Plays by Jarosław Jakubowski

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“Turn back if possible!” On Fears Related to the “End” and Hopes for a “Continuation” in Plays by Jarosław Jakubowski

Author(s): Joanna Michalczuk / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

The article comprises an analysis of selected plays by Jarosław Jakubowski, one of the most interesting Polish playwrights of the recent years. The analyzed plays were published in two collections of, respectively, 2014 and 2017. Jakubowski’s works address the questions of the foundation of the humanity and of the actual meaning of a human life. In his plays, he unveils the consequences of the cultural transformations of modernity. His special focus is the results of the erosion of traditional values (shaped within the Judeo-Christian culture) and he investigates in particular the implications of replacing them with ones that are merely contingent and short-term. Among others, he issues a warning against the destructive tendency to rid the area of public discourse of the spiritual element. His plays are literary exemplifications of the prevalence of anthropological reductionism in the ideational realm, triggered by modern day philosophy. The insights into the social reality of today he offers describe the process of the gradual passing of what is ‘human’ in our world and are contrasted with the popular view that humankind has power and dominion over everything. Jakubowski’s futurological dramas make use of catastrophic and postapocalyptic motifs, which he turns into metaphors. The quotations used in the title of this article come from the play entitled “Kosmonauci” [The Astronauts], in which a severely damaged spaceship with its crew on board drifting in the space becomes a metaphor of the postmodern world. In the wobbly reality that leads to nowhere, Jakubowski’s protagonists long for a stable and certain element in their lives and start an unequal fight so as to save both their lives and their humanity. Although the disaster seems unavoidable, Jakubowski leaves his readers with a hope for a “continuation” which is far from naive optimism. It is a hope for the return of what has been rejected and rendered no longer valid by the modern world: the spiritual dimension of human existence and a stable value hierarchy which can become a reliable foundation of human relations.

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Becoming liminal – existence in anti-structure

Author(s): Karolina Żyniewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 21 (28)/2019

This paper is based both on my empirical experience, related to the implementation of artistic projects in biological laboratories, and on theoretical consideration. It focuses on the cultural and biological meaning of liminality. First, I introduce the idea of liminality derived from anthropology, and more precisely from the theory of the trigeminal structure of ritual as formulated by Arnold van Gennep and developed by Victor Turner. Then, to those anthropological theories pertaining to culture I add the voice of Susan Merill Squier, who draws attention to the fact that technological changes around our corporeality should affect the expansion of liminality and its biological significance. Finally, I refer to her concept of the existence of liminal beings − non-human agents living in the area of the in-between, between any current form of embodiment and a future one. In Squier’s opinion in being humans we become liminal while coexistence with liminal beings can help us to pass this important bio cultural ritual. I would like to post the question: what does this coexistence look like? Can bio art create an opportunity for this coexistence?

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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ К ПУБЛИКАЦИИ ПЕРЕВОДА ПРОТОКОЛА ДОКЛАДА МАРТИНА ХАЙДЕГГЕРА «ПРИСУТСТВИЕ И ИСТИНСТВОВАНИЕ СОГЛАСНО АРИСТОТЕЛЮ»

Author(s): ARKADI CHOUFRINE / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

Heidegger’s Cologne address of 1924 is important in at least three respects. First, it represents the next stage in the genesis of Being and Time after the seminal text known as Natorp Bericht (1922). Second, it manifests a new landmark in Heidegger’s rethinking appropriation of Aristotle’s thought. This new synthesis includes, in particular, the groundwork on Aristotle’s Rhetoric from the summer course of 1924.The annotations to the translation,—based on the texts from 1922–1924,—bring to light Heidegger’s working his way to this synthesis. The preface specifically uncovers Heidegger’s reading of Aristotle’s doctrine of the “mean” and compares Heidegger’s interpretation of Aristotle concept of ethical decision to an interpretation of it typical of modern Aristotle scholarship belonging to analytical tradition. Third,the Cologne address represents Heidegger’s first thematic approach to the question of the essence of truth (which even after Being and Time for at least a decade remained among his guiding threads). In particular, it develops the thesis (barely outlined in Natorp Bericht) that (contrary to the dominant view which Daniel Dahlstrom appropriately dubbed “the logical prejudice”) the proper “place” of truth is not judgement, but the being indicated in a judgement by the copula and in a human act by the goodness that motivates it; and that speech, for the most part, conceals the truth originally sighted.

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William Faulkner as a Philosophical Writer

Author(s): Iwona Szydłowska / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2018

This article raises the problem of philosophical aspects of William Faulkner’s works. It is intended first of all to review in brief the place of philosophy in literature and to prove that William Faulkner deserves a special place among philosophical writers such as Kierkegaard, Marcel and Sartre. Although not sufficiently recognized as a philosophical writer, William Faulkner is among those who have successfully introduced philosophical ideas into their novels. This article intends to bear out that Faulkner’s novels do not only consider some fundamental philosophical concepts but also open the door to further philosophical debates. The first, shortest part of this work is a presentation of the philosophical discussion concerning the fusion of philosophy and literature. There, the focus is on the negative and positive approaches to the issue of combining philosophy and literature as represented by such prominent philosophers as Iris Murdoch, Jacquelyne Kegley, Martha Nussbaum and Philip Kitcher. In its second part, the article presents William Faulkner’s philosophical affiliations of interest, which are: metaphysics, linguistics, ethics, religion and existentialism. The conclusion stresses Faulkner’s input into philosophy but also indicates different fields his novels open for further philosophical investigation.

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The Lack of the Body and the Body of Writing in Kierkegaard

Author(s): Flaviu-Victor Câmpean / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Søren Kierkegaard existed only through his work, which comprises his literary and philosophical pseudonymous oeuvre, the Journal and the theological bodies of work. When unable to nourish this vivid production anymore, he launched his attack against the church in a periodical called the Instant, an effort he could not sustain for too long. In the midst of the attack he fell violently ill in the street in Copenhagen and died in hospital, without having previously been diagnosed with a serious or fatal illness. On the other hand, his body has always been rendered as a failure, even as a missing element in some passages that reveal symptoms of different kinds of hypochondria. These are due to what he confesses to be an “excess of spirit”, a hyper-spiritual subject that enacted a peculiar melancholic and incorporeal condition. The failing body pertains to the lack of an effective body that could sustain existence and at the same time enforces the solution to the question concerning the unavoidable ek-sistence in anxiety (Heideggerian avant la lettre) by way of an incorporeal body of writing. In this paper I will point out the connections between the function of Kierkegaard's writing as a vehicle for shaping identity and the metaphors of the failing body, using a psychoanalytical approach, while trying at the same time to keep close to Kierkegaard’s own style of allusions and bitter irony as an attempt to save the unique subject by writing.

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Мотивы древнегреческой мифологии в повести Гоголя Вий

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Мотивы древнегреческой мифологии в повести Гоголя Вий

Author(s): Sergei Shults / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

The facts of Gogol’s appeal to the models of classical forms of myth and ritual are interesting not only by themselves but also in the aspect of their relationship with the arsenal of Christian mythology. The fundamental point here is that in light of the historical interpretation of the myth and the Revelation by F. W. J. Schelling, the mythology since its initial stage organically developed to Christianity, to the truths of Revelation (as the historical movement “flowed” into them). The symbolic complex of the story Vij, interlacing with Eros and Thanatos, allows parallels to the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice since in the case of the story Vij and in the case of myth, the motive of prohibition on sight also holds. The philosopher (i.e. the poet in the archaic and romantic notion) Homa Brut comes into contact with the world of death not of his own free will, besides, the panicle Eurydice died because of him. Orpheus partakes of the Dionysian sacraments. A visit to Orpheus of hell equated him, in Christian understanding, with Christ. In Gogol’s story Vij, Dionysus and Christ have implicitly come together. The motive of the story Vij for blindness is related to Oedipus’s self-blindness motive. Mythological Erinnes, persecuted by Oedipus, are old women, which correlates with one of the chthonic incarnations of the plaque, thereby drawing closer to the goddesses of revenge, punishment, and remorse of conscience. The fact of the final recognition of Oedipus as “holy” is reflected in the potential Christian semantics of the image of Homa as a martyr and passion-bearer. As the winner of the witch, the deliverer of people from her misfortunes and the passion bearer Homa is a Christian ascetic. Against the background of Christian parallels, the second stay of Homa on the farm becomes as if his “second coming”, symbolically comparable to the expected second coming of Christ, who is coming all the time. The terrible glance of Vij and pannochka certainly reminds of the slaying glance of Medusa Gorgon, which forced all living things to petrify. There is pathos of fighting tyranny in ridding the farm from the witch by Homa. Although Homa defends himself first of all in the beating scene, the general social meaning of his action is obvious. The power of the pannochka (she is the daughter of a wealthy sotnik), who for some reason considers himself pious, is not only socio-political but, in the main, existential-anthropological, this domination over man as a species, over man as such. The motives of ancient Greek and in general pagan mythology are closely intertwined in Gogol’s story with Christian motives, which formed the unique spiritual and aesthetic synthesis of the story Vij.

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Емоционално-наративното съществуване

Author(s): Chavdar Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

The article is about a dimension, referable by the concepts of ‘affectivity’, ‘emotionality’ and ‘sensitivity’. The issue addresses both the “disorder of habitual complicity with the world” and the fact that “our acting, talking, feeling and thinking begins as a response to ‘something’ indeterminable that comes from elsewhere”, i.e. to the narrative life experience in which there is enduring/undergoing or “being overwhelmed“ (Sabeva 2016: 241, 244). The subject-matter sets the task of explaining a common field. At its basis, sensitivity is the initial appearance of behaviors and things, because moods (Stimmungen) “throw” us or co-constitute us in the world; emotions are part of our worldly comportment where potential narrativity is equally important. Social attitude, which has its origin in existential “disposedness” (Heidegger 2005: §§ 29–31), sharеs some extraordinaries and gaps. In this process a limit of the self is reached, when one accepts the inevitability of what is being experienced, and self-understanding becomes alienated from one’s own position. The claim of the research is to add a point to the understanding of social integration in interdisciplinary studies.

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Въпросът за битието: Хайдегеровият проект

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Въпросът за битието: Хайдегеровият проект

Author(s): Dorothea Frede / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

Prof. Frede’s study aims to analyze Martin Heidegger’s famous Frage nach dem Sinn vom Sein in relation to his severe criticism of, and hidden dependence on, the tradition of Western metaphysics. The study offers an interesting pluralistic approach, according to which specific meanings of die Seinsfrage correspond to the different phases of the development of Heidegger’s thinking. It traces above all the formulations that this remarkable question received in his early works (The Doctrine of Judgment in Psychologism: A Critical-Theoretical Contribution to Logic and Duns Scotus’ Doctrine of Categories and Meaning) and in his magnum opus. The study represents a big and complex philosophical domain not only through historical-philosophical investigations, but also as a result of a critical account of basic statements of Heidegger’s thought. It also clarifies some of the reasons why the forgetfulness of Being (die Seinsvergessenheit) was proclaimed by Heidegger as the most significant omission in the entire history of Western philosophy. But is this fateful omission capable of rectification, and can it be taken for granted that it is in need of some rectification?

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Transcendence and History in Krzysztof Kieslowski’s Blind Chance

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Transcendence and History in Krzysztof Kieslowski’s Blind Chance

Author(s): Costica Bradatan / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2008

The article examines Krzysztof Kieslowski’s Blind Chance (Przypadek, 1981) as a film with a distinct philosophical significance. According to the interpretation proposed, in Blind Chance Kieslowski touches on both universal philosophical topics (death, meaninglessness, quest for certainty and truth, deciphering silence) and “local” themes (East-European historical pessimism, geography as destiny, “terror of history”). In spite of Kieslowski’s self-declared religious agnosticism, Blind Chance could be—thanks even to the aesthetics of the film—read as a paradoxical theological statement, not so much about God per se, as about the necessity of his existence. In the same vein, the film occasions a series of meditations on historical fate and the role of geography in history, about hope and hopelessness, existential exhaustion, and legacies of silence.

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BOSANSKOHERCEGOVAČKI MUSLIMANI PRED IZAZOVIMA FENOMENA NOVE MISLI: PRIMJER MUSLIMANA SANSKOGA MOSTA

Author(s): Haris Islamčević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 81/2020

This article presents results of an empirical study related to the phenomenon of the New Thought and its impact upon Bosnian and Herzegovinian Muslims through the sample of one particular community- the municipality Sanski Most. This work presents, on the bases of five given questions (Onto-Cosmoanthropological concept, in other words, through the concept – God-the World- Man), the presence of this phenomenon among respondents of different structure: based on gender, age, place of living and education. The sample of imams within the surveying field gave us a significant control-group that was used comparative bases for analysing the survey results.

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KRŠĆANSKO UTEMELJENJE LJUDSKOG DOSTOJANSTVA: KOMPLEMENTARNOST VJERE I ŽIVOTA

Author(s): Ante Mateljan / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2020

The paper is divided into two parts. The first part sets out the problem of defining life in general and defining human life. The answer to the question of what is human life and who is human depends on the approach to the topic of human dignity. Three current approaches are addressed: liberal, utilitarian and relativistic. The second part of the paper provides the basic elements of Christian anthropology: the establishment of the ontological value of the human person on the transcendent basis, that is in God, the Christological center of anthropology, and the meaning and ultimate eschatological purpose of human existence. The conclusion emphasizes the complementarity of Christian anthropology with the demand for respect for the dignity and rights of the human person, from conception to natural death, and the significance of the Christian mission: the proclamation of the inviolable dignity of the human person whose original measure is the person of Jesus Christ.

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Lust zwischen ästhetischer Selbst- oder Ideenliebe und religiösem Leidenwollen beim frühen Kierkegaard

Author(s): Jonas Hodel / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2020

The aim of this paper is to offer a provisional, though coherent overview of the different phenomenal aspects of lust (dan. Lyst) with respect to the three existential stages stated by Kierkegaard. It proceeds in four steps: first, Kierkegaard’s concept of anxiety and its relation to personal freedom is introduced as background for the question of how lust comes about in the individual. Second, it exposes the aesthetic character of lust, consisting in the fulfilment of a multitude of desires rather than in any of their specific objects themselves. A third step reconstructs the main critique of the hedonistic ‚view of life’ as articulated from the ethical standpoint. The dialectic of religious joy as an intentional suffering for a higher form of fulfilment is being analyzed in the final step.

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