DEKARTIŠKI SEMANTINIO NATŪRALIZMO BRUOŽAI

Author(s): Mindaugas Gilaitis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 91/2017

The paper analyses theoretical presuppositions of the predominant form of semantic naturalism in contemporary analytic philosophy. The aim is to show that irrespective of the fact that the doctrine of semantic naturalism is grounded in ontological and epistemological naturalism, and is developed on the basis of semantic externalism, this conception of foundational semantics rests on internalist premises, and therefore should be construed as Cartesian. Theories and their interrelations that are assumed by semantic naturalism are explicated by relying on the tripartite interpretation of “the problem of intentionality”. The Cartesian aspects of the assumed theories – and thus of the form of semantic naturalism that is analysed – are then specified in the context of Hilary Putnam’s version of semantic externalism.

Нихилизмът – негативната диалектика на Фридрих Ницше

Author(s): Rosen Rachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

Human life is an endless sequence of problem situations and ways to overcome them. Friedrich Nietzsche proclaims doubt and nihilism as forms of existence in problem situation. They are the foundation of the reassessment of all values. This reassessment is oriented to traditional, approved and wide spread principles and norms in society. The skepticism is an initial position and a transitional stage of denial. If someone denies something without thinking of it, he acts emotionally. Friedrich Nietzsche is a nihilist because his attitude is based on doubts, which are rationally motivated. In this paper the arguments are derived from his books” Human, All Too Human”, and “The Gay Science”. There are a lot of similar arguments in other Nietzsche’s books that will be discussed in next papers

Alegorija smrti ili smrt alegorije

Author(s): Aleksandar Zistakis / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 0/1994

In Bertolucci's "Conformist" there is a scene in which the conformist meets his one-time professor of philosophy. They evoke old memories and, in that context, mention professor's lecture on Plato's allegory of the cave. The scene, as well as the film itself, happens in fascist Italy between two world wars. In between those old days and the time of the meeting, professor had openly declared himself as a fascist and became a member of the Party.

Nova usamljenost

Author(s): Jovan Čekić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 0/1994

How to use the energy of catastrophe, and is the thing that is happening today really a renewal of time? In his book "The Years Eaten by Locusts" Borisav Pekic anticipated the renewal of time here in the Balkans. The time structure round which this book has been built shapes itself into a seemingly simple texture.

Szemle

Author(s): Hajnalka-Renáta Oláh,János Péter,Csilla Vincze,Botond Bakcsi,András A. Gergely,Károly Veress / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2020

Oláh Hajnalka-Renáta: A fogalmaktól az emberig – a nyelv, a diskurzus cselekvő erejének lehetőségei a múlt feldolgozásában (Trauma, neheztelés, harag ‒ egyéni és szociális tehertételek. Szerk. Ungvári Zrínyi Imre. Pro Philosophia Kiadó, Egyetemi Műhely Kiadó, Kvár 2019.) — Péter János: Mikro- és makrovilágok interdiszciplináris megközelítésben (Mikro- és makrovilágok. Interdiszciplináris párbeszéd 6. Szerk. Borbély Sándor ‒ Bilibók Renáta. Egyetemi Műhely Kiadó ‒ Bolyai Társaság, Kvár 2018.) — Vincze Csilla: Az értelmes élet alappillérei (Többlet. Különkiadvány. Logoterápia és egzisztenciaanalízis. Szerk. Sárkány Péter, Vik János. Logoterápia és Egzisztenciaanalízis Nemzetközi Tudományos Egyesület, Logoterápia Alapítvány, Kvár – Bp. 2018) — Bakcsi Botond: A menekültválság biopolitikai és morálfilozófiai megvilágításban (Menekültválság transzkulturális megközelítésben. Szerk. Lurcza Zsuzsanna. Egyetemi Műhely Kiadó ‒ Bolyai Társaság, Kvár 2020.) — A. Gergely András: Incselkedés az ismeretelmélet esélyeivel, avagy félreértés, megértés, rekontextualizáció (Szilágyi-Gál Mihály: A félreértés esélyei. Filozófiai, politikaelméleti és retorikai írások. Gondolat Kiadó, Bp. 2018.) — Veress Károly: A medialitás eszméjének filozófiai jelentőségéről (Nyírő Miklós: Medialitás, eseményontológia, gyakorlat. Hermeneutikai útkeresések. L’Harmattan Kiadó, Budapest 2020.)

EXISTENTIAL NIHILISM IN WILFRED OWEN’S ANTI-WAR POEM “FUTILITY”

Author(s): Goran J. Petrović / Language(s): English Issue: 72/2020

This paper analyzes “Futility”, one of the best poems by Wilfred Owen, a renowned British poet-soldier of the First World War. It shows that, in philosophical terms, the poem is based on existential nihilism as a view that human existence is intrinsically non-teleological. As the paper argues, Owen does not develop such a pessimistic world-view because of his great knowledge of Darwin’s or Nietzsche’s work as being emblematic of late nineteenth and early twentieth century pessimism, but because of his firsthand experience with the horrors of history’s first mechanized war. Owen’s nihilistic philosophy is viewed in contrast with the ideology of progress and utopianism as being prevalent over pessimism up until the outbreak of WWI and as being equally propounded by the secular philosopher Herbert Spencer and the Protestant liberal theologians. In brief, “Futility”, as a poem which presents the demise of a nameless British soldier, ends in the poet’s rhetorical question which explicitly doubts the purposefulness of human history. The paper also deals with “Futility’s” stylistic traits, and in doing so comes to the conclusion that the poem’s mood is for its most part temperate and elegiac with, in emotional terms, a somewhat more intense ending, just as it reveals that its irregular rhyming and metre reflect the poet’s reaction to the spiritual emptiness and chaos of war.

Anxiety and Kierkegaard’s Angest

Author(s): Adrian Arsinevici / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This is a translator’s inquiry into what one may call the untranslatability, or near-untranslatability, of a Kierkegaardian concept. The article consists of five sections. Section I (Translating Angest) presents my personal reasons for embarking on this article. Since Kierkegaard employs Angest both colloquially and as a concept, Section II (Colloquial Angst) is a brief presentation of the general definition and uses of this word in everyday Danish, and Section III (Kierkgaard’s Angest) is an analysis and panoramic view of Angest as concept, based on quotations extracted mainly from Begrebet Angest. Section IV (German Angst, English ‘anxiety’, Danish Angest) is a short semi-historical presentation of some previous attempts to find and establish a suitable equivalent for Angest. Section V (The Conceptual Inheritance of Søren Kierkegaard) reiterates the idea that Angest, as a Kierkegaardian, Nordic concept, is not suitable for rendering into another language because too many of its connotations and original meanings would be lost in translation.

Reception and Renewal in the Kierkegaard Literature

Author(s): Zoltán Gyenge / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This essay will try to define the beginnings and contemporary events of Hungarian Kierkegaard research, but it must be made clear that we can only examine the most significant works written about Kierkegaard. Before the Second World War, Hungarian culture and intellectual life were closely linked to German intellectual life. Therefore, the reception of Kierkegaard’s philosophy in Hungary can only be discussed regarding the period coming after the publication of his works in German. Moreover, it is an important fact that Kierkegaard became known to European culture through his German reception. It must be said that studies on Kierkegaard before the Second World War were probably deeper and more detailed than they were after the war. The 1980’s and 90’s saw a rebirth of the reception of Kierkegaard, mainly due to political changes going on in Hungary.

Kierkegaard’s Spatial Politics. Nations and Nationalism, Irony and the Demonic

Author(s): Anne-Christine Habbard / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Kierkegaard is not usually considered a political thinker. However, many of the concepts and themes he develops have distinct political import. In particular, I will show that his thought functions as a counterpoint, and a counterweight, to the nation-state as constructed in European modernity. Indeed, the modern State is founded on a specific notion of space – the national territory –, which in turn has important consequences on the creation of nationhood, and on the relation to foreigners. Kierkegaard allows us to view the fallacious underpinnings of such a construct, thanks to his ingenious use and concept of space, but also to his distinctly ironic stance as an author. His analyses of irony, freedom and anxiety (and in particular, anxiety before the good, the demonic) give us insight into the defects of the nation-state, and some of its worst elements, such as nationalism. Kierkegaard offers us an alternative conception of space.

Dehumanizacija umjetnosti

Author(s): Karlo Opančar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2022

Umjetnost novog doba više se ne temelji na mitu i religiji, već ih nadomješta sa estetikom koja se može jedino razumjeti kao politička konstrukcija događaja i kao znanstveno-tehnički dizajn svijeta u kojemu sada vlada pobuna spram starih vrijednosti i uspostava novih estetskih pravila.

Illustrating Death in Caitlin Doughty’s Creative Nonfiction: 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝐸𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦 and 𝑊𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑀𝑦 𝐶𝑎𝑡 𝐸𝑎𝑡 𝑀𝑦 𝐸𝑦𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠?

Author(s): Cristina-Mihaela Botîlcă / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The purpose of illustrations is to enhance the reading experience, improve the text, and add another layer of representation. In death-acceptance literature, such as Caitlin Doughty’s creative nonfiction books 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝐸𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦 and 𝑊𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑀𝑦 𝐶𝑎𝑡 𝐸𝑎𝑡 𝑀𝑦 𝐸𝑦𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠?, illustrations portray the highly sensitive topic of death. Landis Blair and Dianné Ruz, the illustrators whose works complete the two books, create a multimodal text with the help of literal and conceptual illustrations. This article aims at analysing the use and structure of these illustrations in the context of multimodality and death acceptance. In addition, the paper also contains two interviews that are meant to offer the perspective of the two illustrators on their own work and on illustrating death in nonfiction.

TRIBUN I STAROST

Author(s): Aleksandar Prokopiev / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 35-36/2022

Thinking about the behavior of three types of writers in their relationship to the government, I think I have not expressed myself enough about the Tribune. I described him as an experienced, measured player, who sometimes, if necessary, flirts with the authorities in order to stay on the podium as long as possible. But, as with Chronisterik and Klovna, Tribune also has significant nuances in the scale between self-interest and courage. I think that I have insufficiently emphasized the determination of certain Tribunes at key moments of social and national crossroads in their homeland when they uncompromisingly fight for their views. They can carry that role so devotedly, that at some point they should tear themselves away from it, saying to themselves what Konrad told Havel: "Now you could be a writer again. You played an important historical role, leave it to the politicians". Although some of the Tribunes, if necessary, manipulate the authorities, for them the truth is more important and against all pressures, they know how to be resistant and persistent in its defense.

Statutul creştinismului într-un context religios naturalist-pluralist (la Fr. Schleiermacher)

Author(s): Ovidiu Cristian Nedu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

For Fr. Schleiermacher, the founder of the liberal stream of Protestant theology, religion is a natural function of all humans. Being natural and spontaneous, religious life and experiences are prior to any confession. Confessions are nothing but cultural codifications of natural religiosity. Christianity is a mere confessional “option”, as valid as any other confessional choice. Nevertheless, Schleiermacher particularly extols the Christian formulation of religious experience, considering it as a higher form of development of the natural religious conscience. It is only due to this excellency of Christianity that he chose this confession. The traditional Christian exclusivism, which claims validity only for Christianity, is rejected by Schleiermacher, who considers it as an appropriate religious attitude, resulting from a misinterpretation of the religious excellency of this confession.

EXPLORATIONS ON THE EVENT OF PHOTOGRAPHY: Dasein, Dwelling, and Skillful Coping in a Cuban Context

Author(s): Justin Michael Battin / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

In the summer of 2016, the author traveled to Havana to begin preliminary work on an interdisciplinary visual ethnography project. While venturing primarily on foot, he took hundreds of high-resolution photographs and interviewed people at random across several localities about their daily routine, their neighborhood, and their expectations about what was to come following the [then] normalizing of relations with the United States. Of the utmost importance to this work was the special attention granted to the inhabited locale where each photograph and interview took place. This article explores these photographs through the lens of the “event of photography,” a term emphasizing the temporal moment when a photographer, photographed subject, and camera encounter one another. With this interpretation, photographs are positioned as historical documents and the practice of photography as a civil and political matter, thus inviting new possibilities to read political life through its visual dimension, as well as to trace different forms of power relations made evident during the ‘event.’ This paper uses phenomenological reflection to explore the meshwork manifestation of these power relations, and articulate how they provide insights about one’s place and responsibility within that ‘event’ in a range of relational contexts.

Ницше. Топоси на духа

Author(s): Nina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

On Metaphysical Guilt and Infinite Responsibility: K. Jaspers and E. Levinas

Author(s): Jolanta Saldukaitytė / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl./2022

This paper discusses guilt and responsibility in Jaspers and Levinas. First, it explores the concept of guilt in Jaspers and shows that while “metaphysical guilt” deepens the existential dimension of human life it remains indifferent to the moral dimension of guilt and responsibility uncovered by Levinas. Second, the paper explores the notions of guiltless responsibility and unavoidable guilt in Levinas and shows that responsibility is not limited to specific wrongdoing or explicit acknowledgment of guilt. By drawing out these differences between Jaspers and Levinas, the author asks if Levinas’s approach might provide illuminating guidance to talk about our guilt and responsibility for the Holocaust as well as other social events.

Изгубената памет, изгубеното по пътя: антихуманистичният скептицизъм в романа „Везни“ на Павел Вежинов

Author(s): Plamen Antov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The article examines the last novel of Pavel Vezhinov–Libra (1982), which in a narrower sense also culminates the last, clearly separated period/section in the writer’s work–the philosophical-scientific one (after the novel The Barrier, 1976). Here, the novel’s fiction masks in a highly stripped-down fashion a central scientific theory, both civilizational and biological–of human evolution as devolution. Part of a larger study, the article discusses the P. Vezhinov’s radical anti-humanist criticism in the broad context of late modern philosophical skepticism (Heidegger, Deep Ecology) and its autochthonous reflections in Bulgarian literature during the second half of the twentieth century.

„Бялата стая“: отвъд текста и контекста

Author(s): Tatyana Batuleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The essay is dedicated to Bogomil Raynov's story Roads to Nowhere and the script of the film “The White Room” based on it. Through parallels with examples of existentialist literature and authors such as J.-P. Sartre and A. Camus, it is shown that the work bears the marks of a literary work created with the pathos of existentialism, which encodes the main stages and dimensions of rebellion (metaphysical, political, artistic). The role of the color white, internal monologue, movement, detail, and the convergent-divergent effect obtained from the use of the second person in the narrative is emphasized. The external signs of chaos and awareness of the absurd are sought. The thesis is defended that with the story Raynov in his way reaches the idea of the conscious choice of responsibility and human solidarity of Je me révolte, donc nous sommes (I rebel, therefore we are!) of Camus.

DYPTYK O „EKOLOGICZNYM” DOMOSTWIE BYCIA — DAWNIEJ I DZIŚ

Author(s): Wanda Bajor / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

One of the manifestations of the contemporary cultural and civilizational crisis is the ecological crisis caused by the overexploitation and devastation of the natural living environment. The root cause of this phenomenon is seen in false thinking and a narrowed cognitive perspective directed exclusively towards utilitarian processing of the world and the reduction of man as a means in the pursuit of economic gain. Already at the beginning of the 20th century, existentialists such as Martin Heidegger and Gabriel Marcel, as well as contemporary Joseph Ratzinger, warned of these dangers, postulating a return to such ideas as integral knowledge of man, God and the world directed towards wisdom, contemplation, fraternity, humility and asceticism in the sense of modesty of intention. These are not some new ideas invented for the moment; they are all to be found in the ancient heritage of European culture, especially in the forgotten, despised Middle Ages, whose wisdom and rich deposits of meaning still remain undiscovered. The works of the medieval masters containing unsurpassed syntheses of knowledge about the whole of reality, the beauty of the natural world, human dignity, the meaning of life and its ultimate goals can inspire, teach and nourish today's lost, spiritually starved man.

EFFECTS OF DIGITAL MEDIA ON PEOPLE AND SPIRITUAL LIFE

Author(s): Florentin Iustinian Jipa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

This article aims to highlight the influence that digital media have on human life, but especially on his spiritual life. It is an interdisciplinary work, which treats this subject from both a scientific and a theological point of view. One of the great challenges of the times we live in is to properly understand the relationship between man and technology. People have suddenly found themselves in a new, more complicated and complex universe, increasingly dominated by technology. Technology has made its way into every aspect of people's lives and most of the activities they do, in a subtle and rapid way. Looking at how fast this is happening, we can tell that it is becoming difficult to adapt. It is very easy to forget the balance between what is really useful for life and its sanctity, and what is produced exclusively for pleasure, entertainment, strong experiences, etc. which can lead to addiction.