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Ka dekonstrukciji zajednice: od sublimnosti do razdjelovljenosti

Author(s): Bernard Harbaš / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 03+04/2009

In this paper the author deals with the problem of postmodern understanding of the concept of community. The author gives an overview of political thought of postmodern thinkers such as: Lyotard, Blanchot, Derrida, etc. The main idea of the paper is that postmodern thought rejects any theories of belonging or identity or concepts in sense of ethnicity, people or nation. Contrary to the mentioned standpoints, postmodern thinkers explore community as something that is always to come or inoperative. In that sense the purpose of this paper is to question the conception of community beyond traditional sense of categories of nation, belonging or fixed identity.

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Razgovor Cipriana Mihalija sa Jean-Luc Nancyjem

Author(s): Ciprian Mihali,Jean-Luc Nancy / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 02/1999

Interview with Jean-Luc Nancy by Cipran Mihali

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S rukom na srcu, gledajući te pravo u oči, obećavam ti se... Opaske o Derridinoj interpretaciji Husserla

Author(s): Leonard Lawlor / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/2012

The most fundamental principle of Derrida’s thought is the phenomenological principle of Fremderfahrung, from Husserl’s Fifth Cartesian Meditation: I can never have a presentation (a Gegenwärtigung) of the interior life, the inside, of another; I can only ever have a representation of it (a Vergegenwärtigung). Derrida conceives the profound spatiality, the distance, the écart through Vergegenwärtigung. In Voice and Phenomenon, Derrida uses this phenomenological principle of intersubjectivity to contest the implicit „metaphysics of presence“ in Husserl’s phenomenology. Here I intend to examine the new „deconstruction of phenomenology“ found in Le Toucher, in the chapter called „Tangent II.“ I hope to show the continuity between this recent text and Voice and Phenomenon. As in chapter 6 of Voice and Phenomenon, in „Tangent II“ of Le Toucher there is a critique of the idea that one can have „a pure experience of one’s own body“. Thus,+ more generally, I want to come to understand the philosophy of the heart that animates this entire book. This „cardiology“ is connected to the movement in Derrida’s thinking from a thought of the question (as in the question of being) to the promise (as in the promise of justice), from, in other words, ontology (or phenomenological ontology) to eschatology.

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Razgovor Emmanuela Fayea s Philippeom Lacoueom-Labartheom, Pascalom Oryjem, Jeanom-Edouardom Andréom i Brunom Tackelsom

Author(s): Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe,Emmanuel Faye,Pascal Ory,Jean-Edouard André,Bruno Tackels,Marc Voinchet / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 19/2014

Emmanuel Faye's interview with Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, Pascal Ory, Jean-Edouard André and Bruno Tackels

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Postmodernizmas, kapitalizmas ir regresyvi istorija posovietinėje arealybėje

Author(s): Audronė Žukauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2(27)/2002

The article analyzes the post-Soviet context which is described in terms of heterotopia, ectopia and areality. These terms signify different sorts of places that refer to the imaginary or symbolic content. At the same time these places fix the change and displacement of signification: in postmodern consumer society social definitions (social class, antagonism) are displaced into the private sphere and vice versa', such "private" notions as desire belong to the social sphere. The common sense of time continuity (chronology) is displaced by chronical repetitions of the past, which produce the model of regressive history.

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Ritmo sąvokos metamorfozės Gilles’io Deleuze’o ir Félixo Guattari tekstuose

Author(s): Jūratė Baranova / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2017

This article deals with the ability of the concept of rhythm functioning in the texts of Deleuze and Guattari to discern the lines of navigation of thought from philosophy towards different forms of art (literature, cinema, painting, music) and backwards. Starting from the dynamic cartography of the problems and concepts discerned as suitable for such thought experiments by Sauvagnargues, Buchanan, Bogue, and Zepke, this research comes to the conclusion that the concept of rhythm is a suitable link for navigation of the possible cohesions between philosophy and different arts. The concept of ‘rhythm’ becomes a philosophical concept in the texts of Deleuze and Guattari and gains the ontological status transcending limits of philosophy and arts. It functions in the territory between the sound, word, and image, as well as the work of art, philosophy and life. Mainly from this ontological perspective, this concept receives the power to reveal not only horizontal, but also vertical, genealogical aspects of art as the process of becoming.

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Povratak na povratak

Author(s): Jean-François Lyotard / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 23/2018

Atena je, kao u nekom snu, prerušila Odiseja u bijedna starca lutalicu kako bi ga učinila neprepoznatljivim prije nego što se vrati na svoje imanje na Itaci. Pas Argos, koji ga čeka već dvadeset godina, identificira svoga gospodara, po mirisu, pretpostavljam, a vjerna stara dadilja Eurikleja po ožiljku na nozi. Penelopa mu pak, vješta u izigravanju prosaca, povjeruje tek kad se ispostavi da on zna od čega je izrađen njihov bračni krevet. […]

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Полот на нацијата

Author(s): Rada Iveković / Language(s): French,Macedonian Issue: 1/2001

La construction de toute identite, qu’elle soit pensee comme religieuse, culturelle, linguistique, ou autre se fait au moyen d’une definition prealable des rapports sociaux des sexes. II en va de meme de I’identite dite ethnique et/ou nationale.

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Lütfi Paşa’nın Asafname’si Üzerine İktidarın Denetimi Bağlamında Söylem Çözümlemesi

Author(s): İnan Gümüş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 62/2019

Siyasatnama is a literary type that is written on the corruptions and chaos in the order of the states and societies. In this regard, the writing of siyasatnama is observed to increase in the breaking point of the states and societies. Therefore, the siyasatnama should be evaluated not only in terms of the works consisting of advice and recommendations to the government leaders, but also the functional aspects and ability to find a solution for the major matters in the states and societies. The function of finding a solution depends on the siyasetnama. While certain siyasatnama function as reform books by determining the matters with the feature of directly providing solution, other siyasatnama also emphasizes the aspect to find a solution and to utter indirectly with the theoretical knowledge, and stories and anecdotes sophisticated advice. Since Lütfi Pasha worked as a grand vizier in 16th century, he chose to write siyasatnama in order to find solutions and to hinder the matters by observing closely the administrative and social matters. On the purpose of advising his following leaders and removing the troubles seen in the state government and society, he wrote his work called Asafname. In the research, supervision matter, one of the ways used by the power to achieve legitimacy, will be dealt referring to Asafname within the scope attached to the power conception systematized by Michel Foucault, and the functioning of supervision will be examined in terms of an approach problematizing the power phenomenon by using discourse analysis.

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The Westernization and Colonization of the African Mind through the Media

Author(s): Glorija Mavrinac / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2019

The presentation deals with the issue of media imperialism and racism in the novel Americanah (2013) by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Nigerian novelist and writer. The paper starts from the position of electronic colonialism theory about danger of seductive media content. Violent media propaganda and transcription of western media content in Nigerian mass media affects the abandonment of African cultural patterns and forcibly changing behaviors of domicile population. Characters in the Adichie’s novel are great example of the mind colonization and westernization that is followed through the media. In the presentation we will show how media imperialism led to racial fetishism and losing pre-colonial values in african society.

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BÍOS-TECHNÉ. THE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL POLITICS OF THE BODY AND THE POLITICS OF LIFE

Author(s): Polona Tratnik / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2012

Not so long ago Timothy Campbell noticed an actual and very important question that has not been discussed yet: "What does the opening to bíos as a political category that humanity shares tells us about the other development that so decidedly marks the current biopolitical moment, namely, biotechnology?" and continued with a remark, "indeed, missing is precisely a reflection on the role biotechnology plays for contemporary biopolitics." The aim of this paper is to call attention to the growing importance of biotechnology for power over life and body and analyze it as a contemporary biopolitical strategy. Thus biotechnology will be comprehended as a political technology investing in the body, improving its qualities, prolonging youth, taking care of health and reproduction. In such sense it preserves or protects life by helping to improve health, enriching the quality of life and enabling active aging. It intensifies techniques of biopolitics and anatomo-politics (detected by Foucault) and implicates specially derived politics, engineering-politics and regenerative-politics, which demonstrate that there is power over life and body in contemporaneity that is far exceeding the extensions and the technological possibilities of power from the biological modernity. In the growing interest in the biopolitical issues related to the development of life sciences, the field of genetics has attracted quite an attention, up to this moment, while even younger discipline of regenerative medicine has not been comprehensively discussed yet. The paper is focused especially on regenerative medicine as the knowledge-power opening a new horizon for bio-power.

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RAZLIKA IZMEĐU KLAUZEVICEVOG I FUKOOVOG TUMAČENJA RATA

Author(s): Nada Sekulić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2011

The understanding of the relation between the man, society and war is expressed in the sets of historically changeable relations, where the theories and doctrines of war tell us a lot not only about the art of warfare and the ways wars were waged throughout history - as it may seem at first, bearing in mind their focus on the matters of strategy, tactics, logistics, armed formations, manoeuvres, sieges, soldier drill, etc - but they also provide us with information on general understanding of man, the level of organization of society, and of the regimes of knowledge and the new "models of truth", characteristic of certain age. The choice to discuss the relation between Klausewitz’s and Faucault’s understanding of war in this paper is determined by the anthropocentric twist which occurs in the theory and practice of war in late 18 and early 19 century. It is in this period that modern theory of war is established, by introducing human factor and manpower as the backbone of warfare instead of earlier siege wars around fortifications. The main theoretical representative of the new approach is Klausewitz. He gives central importance and the key role to man in defining the outcome and the goals of war, and modern war is defined as a clash of manpower also in the political sense, as an expression of general will in the society. Historically, this is the period of establishment of modern states, of the sovereignty of the people, and the period when conscription was introduced. On the other hand, and in contrast to this approach, according to Foucault this is the period of establishment of modern anthropocentric episteme and of introduction of mechanisms of total bio-political surveillance in the management and control mechanisms of the state, the most exemplary manifestation of which is found in military institutions and techniques of military training and warfare. According to Foucault, the state takes over the monopoly of warfare and defines war in a total sense, as total war for existence, as the war of a nation for its survival, a necessity, as both regularity and irregularity of the state order, thus pushing it to the margin of its legitimacy as a lasting, hidden subtext, but also as a generator and driving force of the dynamics of society and as a cornerstone of modern, popular sovereignty. The idea of popular sovereignty represents the ideological framework for modern instrumentalization of citizens for warfare. These two approaches represent diametrically opposed starting points regarding the relation between sovereignty, authority and war and the understanding of the importance and role of man in the wars of modern states.

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Weapons in and as History: On the Ontogenerative Function of Materialized Preemption and Intelligence in Weapons Technology

Author(s): Davor Löffler,John J. McGraw,Niels N. Johannsen / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2019

Weapons technology is a key factor contributing to cultural evolution because it enables humans actively to protect themselves from a variety of natural threats and expand their access to resources. In contrast to non-military technologies, the purpose of which is to subordinate and shape inanimate, non-intentional or trivial, regular states, weapons primarily serve to assert one’s own will against self-determined, intentional and non-trivially acting organisms. This functional idiosyncrasy establishes the basis for a continuous arms race, which begins with the need to anticipate phenotypical and mental abilities of animals and other humans through weapons technology before leading to the anticipation of attack and defence capacities of groups and, ultimately, the anticipation of accumulated intelligence and productive accomplishments of entire political states. The dynamics of development in weapons technology prove that weapons are simultaneously an index and a motor of cultural and cognitive evolution. Weapons reflect the organizational and technical capabilities of cultures, indicating special cognitive capacities bound up with the abstract anticipation of enemies as well as the ability to produce mental models of complex adversarial entities. At the same time, weapons relay intercultural and internal selection pressures by playing a decisive role in the processes of general technological and organizational innovation. This innovation also influences the formation of practices, norms, motives and self-images. As such, weapons technology concretizes an integral principle governing cultural evolution and civilizational history.

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Material-semiotic Transformations of the Berlin Wall in Post-Communist Bulgaria

Author(s): Neda Genova / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2019

In this article I examine the repeated material-semiotic mobilization of the trope of the Berlin Wall in post-communist Bulgaria. I show that despite the official dismantlement of the Wall commenced some thirty years ago, the structure’s afterlife continues to exert a unique influence on Bulgaria’s public life today. I explore the function of the Wall as a narrative and political device in moments when the relation to public space is negotiated or when notions of “past” and “present” are short-circuited. By taking up the notion of a “recording surface,” developed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in Anti-Oedipus, I show how Bulgarian post-communism can be understood as the terrain of a continuous production of consensus. I argue that after 1989 the Berlin Wall has adopted a governing and consensus-building function that contributes to the “smoothening” of political and social differences on the recording surface of Bulgarian post-communism. Yet, what makes the examination of the fictitious successors of the original Berlin Wall an interesting terrain for examination is that their operation is predicated upon a material heterogeneity and dynamism. In the article, I explore the way this trope has been mobilized in four different cases from Bulgaria’s most recent history and demonstrate in what sense its “reactivation” can be seen as contributing to the stabilization of the recording surface of Bulgarian post-communism.

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Derrida, Chomsky and Wittgenstein: Grammatologist / Grammarian / Grammatist

Author(s): Prakash Kona / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2011

That there is no fixed point but point(s) of origin is the point of origin of this essay that begins with a play on the word gram. It could be the Derridean gramme or Chomskyean grammar. It could also be “language-game” meant to bring Wittgenstein into the conversation. I used Alfred Hitchcock’s statement on psychoanalysis taken from the 1945 classic “Spellbound” as a point of “origin” for the discussion on grammar. The statement concentrates on the “origins” of the problems of the mind that psychoanalysis hopes to cure. In using Hitchcock, more of artist of language than a language-theorist, I problematize the idea of origin itself; whether it ought to come from a serious-minded philosopher like Freud - the so-called “right” source or a secondary source such as Hitchcock playing with the Freudean idea of psychoanalysis through his narrative. The origin of discussion thus turns out to be a false start. It serves a purpose in showing the apparent nature of the text that psychoanalysis is a construction like any other discourse that dominated Western philosophy from Plato to the present. Yet origin must exist in the literal sense of the term. Freud did off er psychoanalysis as a form of therapy to open the text to meaning - in this case, the text is the human mind itself. In the process, psychoanalysis itself is a multifaceted text that becomes a stage for the entrance of the gram. The idea is to show philosophy as a narrative; the narrative dimension of philosophy and philosophy itself as a form of narration. From a Derridean perspective, the point of origin is a null, which opens the text to diverse readings. It is both the anarchy of the text as well as silence at the heart of language.

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Nema sekularizacije bez neprijatelja

Author(s): Bernard Harbaš / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2019

This article departs from Carl Schmitt’s understanding of the notions of the political and enemy and their interpretation in contemporary social and political theory. Concept of the political implies a multitude of grouped and opposed yet not necessarily conflicting parties. The political can be understood as a confirmation of political unities’ existences, as well as the strength of their inner coherence. In other words, the political is a strengthening of ties within a political community because beside and opposed to it there is another (hostile) community. In contemporary philosophy, Schmitt’s understanding of the political is, among others, interpreted from the theory of identity standpoints. In that sense, enemy represents a confirmation that there is the other who is opposed, independent and different from the ‘same’. Talal Asad is of the opinion that with the emergence of Enlightenment Europe formed the identity of modern and secularized community which simultaneously brought about outlining of clear demarcation with religious East which, from the Western standpoint, remained undeveloped because it didn’t undergo the process of secularization. Similar thesis is brought forward by Gil Anidjar who states that Europe constitutes and strengthens its identity through the enmity towards the religious East. According to Chantal Mouffe, enemy is understood as a constitutive outside, i.e. as the condition for forming the identity. For Derrida, Schmitt’s concept of the enemy can be understood as ‘the other’ who is not only different but significant since, because of its otherness, opposition and distance, it prevents ethnic homogenization and thus creation of new enmities. The article shows that Schmitt’s the political doesn’t necessarily has to be understood as a concept which supports absolutist power and necessarily enmity. On the contrary, through contemporary (especially poststructuralist) interpretations one can see that enmity is unavoidable element in constituting the identity and, even more importantly, foundation for every authentic friendship.

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ქალური ენისა და თვითგამოხატვის პრომლემები ინგებორგ ბახმანისა და ლია სტურუას პოეტურ ტექსტებში

Author(s): Salome Pataridze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 20/2/2019

Feminist theories mainly take the initial from the idea that there exists an established identity expressing the category of “woman”. The identity shall create the subject that may be politically and historically represented. The concept “representation” has two functions in this case: on the one hand it gives more public visibility and legitimacy to the woman as a subject, and on the other hand, the representation is considered to be a normative function of the language either revealing or distorting the category of woman. Feminist theories/literary studies often see the creation of such language as the main need for the full and adequate representation achieving the public visibility of women (establishment as the subject). This article analyzes some lyrical works of Austrian Ingeborg Bachmann and Georgian Lia Sturua from the perspective of post-structuralism, namely, Jacques Derrida’s concept of written language and its binary nature, Lacan’s denial of the Woman’s existence and the subject’s shift to the symbolic order, also Julia Kristeva’s, Luce Irigaray’s, Hélène Cixous’ ideas on problems of feminine language and self-representation in the patriarchal/symbolic order. The analysis of poems of Ingeborg Bachmann and Lia Sturua shall highlight specific features of feminine language and challenges to the self-representation of woman.

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Ideološki sistemi i drugi alati za konstrukt identiteta i spomenika

Author(s): Majda Turkić,Bernard Harbaš / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 18/2019

If norms are directed by the societal ruling structure, ideologically constructed systems may distort objective, real, and scientifically proved values creation. Individuals are often disabled to autonomously decide on the acceptance of their choices, which may direct further consequences. This paper discusses the idea and the construction of identity through literature from Foucault, Derrida, Hegel, Hall, to Butler, as forcefully created perceptions that serve established systems for imposing national ideology and control. We argue that enforced societal norms undermine singularity and debilitate capacities for individual expression and beingness. As part of this paper discussion, we analyze the phenomenon of destruction of monuments that are publicly exposed and visible, referring to intermittent vandalism of the Partisan Cemetery in Mostar as an example of denial and humiliation of the symbols of the former political framework. This example serves to delineate one of many tools used for the instrumentalization of the national and ideologically created identities and the aftermath of the societies.

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A sokféleség két formája és a homogenizáció

Author(s): János Tóth I. / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2019

Diversity is the unity of sameness and non-sameness (difference). In a basic situation, the more significant the difference, the greater the diversity. However, the organic systems based on relatively homogeneous groups, sub-units and structures are governed by special rules. The heterogenization of groups, that is, their dissolution decreases diversity. I propose to present this paradox effect of homogenization through examples taken from biology and social studies. The structural diversity of humanity is closely linked to the objective and subjective sameness and identity of individuals. There are three fundamental, political approaches to relate to human diversity: hierarchy, the approach that emphasizes difference; equality that emphasizes sameness, and equality that emphasizes difference. The first approach belongs to the outworn past, therefore the battle for defining the future takes place between the remaining two approaches. The aspect that these approaches are debating is whether it is the individual form of diversity (globalization, deconstruction) or its structural form (emancipation, sovereignty) that must be promoted.

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ПОСТМОДЕРНІЗМ ЯК МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ СУЧАСНИХ СМИСЛОВИХ ВІЙН

Author(s): Mikhail Petrovich Trebin,Oleksandr Yurievich Panfilov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2020

Problem setting. The information war is not a united one, it includes three different aspects - the information and technical war (aimed at cyber resources), the information and psychological war (designing to make an opponent decide in the way necessary for an attacking side) and the semantic war. Researchers note that, in contrast to others, the semantic war has far goals that lie even beyond the limits of the life of a generation. Unlike facts that are constantly changing, meanings remain valid for a long time as they reflect the model of the world. The semantic war deals with interpretations based on the existing model of the world. Interpretation processes, being more complex, become more important than just informational ones.Thus, the problem of searching for the methodological foundations of conducting semantic confrontation, changing the value system, and the world picture of the general public of the society is becoming more and more topical.Recent research and publications analysis. The issues of certain aspects of semantic wars are in the centre of attention of such researchers as Yu. Gromyko, A. Dzholos, R. Marutyan, A. Pelin, G. Pocheptsov, Yu. Solomonov and others. However, the methodology of semantic warfare remains insufficiently studied although this can help freely “enter” the “territory of meanings” of the victim of aggression, change the value system, and the picture of the world.Paper objective. The goal of this paper is to clear up the methodological foundations of modern semantic wars.Paper main body. The article attempts to determine the methodology of modern semantic wars. It is justified that postmodernism is one of the methodologies that can be used to explain the phenomenon of semantic weapons. Postmodernist discourse greatly differs from other philosophical directions in terms of topics, conceptual apparatus, and ideological foundations, especially in the context of the formation of a modern information society.It is determined that several basic ideas can be distinguished within the postmodern discourse, these ideas being successfully used in the present semantic confrontations. First, this is the textualization of the world. The world should be understood as a text. Second, since everything is understood as a text, the subject exists within the text. Moreover, the subject is absorbed by the text. A person appears as a set of different identities that are tied to one or another local-cultural condition or socio-political context. Third, postmodernism is characterized by disillusionment with the ideals of the Enlightenment. In particular, the Reason is not believed in any more, causal relationships and absolute values are denied. Fourth, the postmodernist discourse is principally anti-fundamental, it is not interested in substantial unity and ultimate (metaphysical) causes but in decentralized, scattered sets - differences. Fifth, an important place in the modern postmodern discourse belongs to the theory of simulacrum.A simulacrum is a product of simulation, which replaces the real world with an imaginary one but which is more acceptable for a person as a real one. A simulacrum produces (simulates) a similarity but only as an external effect. Its internal principle is the difference, due to which it eludes of identity, similarity, likeness. It destroys the sample and multiplies the copies so that it is not possible any longer to tell where the copy is and where the original is. Simulacra give rise to the phenomenon of masses. Masses are defined as the silent majority, a black hole absorbing social aspects. The masses gravitate toward a physical and static form, which is simultaneously non-social and supra-social.Conclusions of the research. It is concluded that postmodernism brings about new ways of understanding social and political reality since it offers own type of rationality. Based on the postmodern discourse, a characteristic basic semantic toolkit arises as a feature of semantic wars: the simulation, that is the creation of simulacra – missing reality images that lack originality and that are superficial, hyper-realistic objects that do not have any reality behind them; reinterpretation of events and phenomena of reality; the coverage of not just one segment of the population but the general public; more interest that does not focus on a fact but on its rethinking, the creation of an apparatus for rejecting own “incorrect” interpretations.

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