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Intertextuality in Novel: An Escape from Patriarchal Soliloquy

Author(s): Nargess Bagheri / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

Hypertextuality is one of the intertextual relationships introduced by Gerard Genette. According to him, hypertextuality includes all the relationships which the hypertext has with the previous text, i.e. the hypotext. However, he does not consider the relationship between these two texts to be in such a way that the hypertext is the interpretation of the hypotext. On the other hand, other theorizers including Bakhtin, regard the conversation between texts a way to escape a one-voiced and dominant discourse. From this viewpoint, the intertextual relationships of Sadegh Hedayat’s The Blind Owl, with Shahrnoush Parsipour’s The Blue Mind and Abbas Maroufi’s The Body of Farhad are in such a way that The Blind Owl can be regarded as a hypotext for the other 2 novels but these two novels interpret the text differently. The present study aims to examine the intertextual relationships between these 3 novels and explore how a multiple-voiced conversation is formed between them.

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Sadyzm w Nagim sadzie. Perwersja jako struktura polskości

Author(s): Jan Potkański,Zbigniew Jazienicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2016

The first part of the article investigates perspective of perversion employed in the analysis of the Polish collective psychology in its pathologies identified in books of Jan Sowa, Andrzej Leder and Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz. The category of perversion itself is reconstructed chiefly after works of Jacques Lacan and Gilles Deleuze. In our opinion, the cultural model of Pole is the pervert. Depending on the social class, he is a sadist or a masochist, as opposed to a psychotic or a classical Oedipal neurotic. The category of perversion allows for the explanation of an ambivalent relationship between the Polishness and the State; the relationship which is neither a simple rejection (such as a psychosis) nor an unequivocal affirmation (such as a neurosis). The second and the third part are case-studies: in a collective psychology of the heroes of Rymkiewicz’s essays and in an individual psychology of the heroes of The Nude Orchard (pol. Nagi sad) by Wiesław Myśliwski. This juxtaposition shows the difference in perception of the same phenomenon, i.e. sadism – the difference between the point of view from within the mind affirmatively indentifying with the perverse attitude (Rymkiewicz) and the distanced point of view of a neurotic (Myśliwski). It also allows for grasping the isomorphism of structures behind these two perceptions.

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Jeśli mówić prawdę, to tylko w Sierpniu. Etyka jako polityka

Author(s): Cezary Rudnicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2016

In the following article I would like to join my voice with Jan Sowa‘s attempt to recoup the phenomenon of the ― Solidarity movement for the left. At the same time I would like to make a similar venture to recoup the "late" thought of Michel Foucault. Whereas concepts such as discipline and biopolitics, the method of genealogical analysis of the relations of power, and even a concept of the entrepreneurial self, have been already adopted by the left, the considerations centered around issue of "the care of the self and the others" are treated usually as a curiosity. This silence has been used by the liberal commentators of Foucault, as well as a foundation for the neoconservative project of Peter Sloterdijk (whose core was presented in an extensive essay You Must Change Your Life). It is all the more worrying, since Foucault saw the most important point of resistance to neoliberalism precisely in the ethics of the Self. The analysis of the events of Polish August ‘80, carried out in the following text by means of some of the concepts developed in 1980–1984 by the French philosopher, is also an attempt to indicate usefulness of these concepts for the revolutionary practice and theory.

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Проблемы лингвоэкологии русской речи

Author(s): Elena Ivanian / Language(s): Russian Issue: 12/2016

The characteristic of linguoecological problems in the Russian speech is given in the article The short review of the reasons which have caused violations of a linguoecology in the Russian speech in the 20th century – the beginning of the 21st century is carried out. It is shown that violations in linguoecology of the Russian speech in the 20th century have been caused by refusal of traditions of the Russian culture and moral values that has led to numerous phraseological oblivion. Destructions of the Russian discourse in the 21st century are caused first of all by globalization, an assumption of such type of tolerance which borders on permissiveness that leads to the facts of a dehumanization and as a result to violations in a speech of linguoecology. The results of a two years’ research of a genre of the pedagogical remark (method of the included supervision, and also questioning of 1700 informants) are presented in the article; both positive examples of estimation at a lesson, and distructures of a pedagogical discourse are revealed. Dependence between bad tradition of pedagogical censure and rate of application of destructive phraseological units, zoomorphisme is shown. Rhetorical questions as reception of a speech manipulation in a pedagogical discourse are characterized; un-evident distructures are revealed (the distructures-metaphors parasitizing on the idea of disability; the distructures-hyperboles which are based on threat of death).

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Konstrukcja tomistycznego ideału wychowania a kultura ponowoczesna

Author(s): Maciej Kasprzyk,Maciej Kudelski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

This article is firstly focused on demonstrating sense and need for formulating ideals and models of upbringing. Implications of Thomistic model of upbringing in this work are main source of considerations. Secondly, authors want to show basic assumptions of postmodern ethic and its influences on shaping of modern upbringing models. Assumptions of postmodern model are confronted with standards of behavior which are commonly accepted. The next aim of the work is also to get answer to question about status of Thomistic education model nowadays.

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Sarıkamış Destanı’nın Oluşumsal Yapısalcı Yöntem Işığında İncelenmesi

Author(s): Şamil Yeşilyurt / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 31/2016

Sarikamish Operation, one of the important symbols of First World War is usually reflected as sadness, pride and heroism in literary works. The reality of the concept of the army and the nation, robustness of the chain of command, the gap in between dreams and realities, suffering and complaint are usually common themes processed in literary works. Elegiacs that Kara Zala said from Sindel (Kayabaşı) village, Kayseri's Pinarbaşı district is one of the most well known about oral culture product. The first time by Ahmet Şükrü Esen as Fevzizade Bekir Sıdkı’s compilation was recorded with Sarıkamış Ağıdı name; was combined with Sarıkamış’ta Ölenlerin Ağıdı and Gine Ardı Kış Geliyor names by different compilers. Literary works reflecting the deıp scars left in the collective memory of the Sarikamish Operation makes a must that should be examined without being detached from their context. In this context genetic structuralism sociologist Lucien Goldmann's open to debate aims to reveal different perspectives by examining the works that have this structure. Literary work is considered as the embodiment of human and human relations in the an aesthetic ground. Therefore it prepares interdisciplinary investigations will be established between literature and sociology. In this study Sarıkamış Destanı will be reviewed in accordance with the principles of the genetic structuralism; will be detected the connections between literary work and social structure; It will be determined works and the social perception that overlap and are separated by dots, the impacts on the literary works of historical reality, approaches to historical events of the sections of society.

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Power Relations in Parinoush Sani’ee’s Sahm-E Man (The Book of Fate): A New-Historical Perspective

Author(s): Ali Taghizadeh,Mahin Pourmorad Naseri / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

This paper is an attempt to critically analyze Parinoush Sani’ee’s Sahm-e Man (translated into English as The Book of Fate) from a New-historical perspective. Beginning from before the 1979 Iranian Revolution, and going forward through the reign of the Islamic Republic to the current years, the time-line of the story shows five decades of changing fortunes of Sani’ee’s main character. Reading her book in the light of New-historicism, this paper tries to show how the story reflects Foucauldian notions of resistance, power relations, normalization, and self-formation in the five phases of Massoumeh’s life. Considering Foucault’s arguments on how power imposes ideology on the citizens, the paper also tries to reflect how it changes in each phase of Massoumeh’s life and how it normalizes her to make her into a docile subject whom it can best control. Added to that, the paper tries to demonstrate her success in resisting the power and acquiring an ethical self through practicing a care for her ‘self ’. However, in spite of all her resistances to power and normalization, in the last phase of the story when the novel’s discourse is more emotional, Massoumeh gives up resistance and accepts normalization, and for the sake of her children’s satisfaction, rejects Saiid’s proposal, and like most of the widows in her age, decides to live alone to the end of her life.

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Fakir Baykurt’un “Irazca’nın Dirliği” Romanının Yapısal Çözümlemesi

Author(s): Okan Özkara / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 32/2016

In terms of technical arrangement, each novel is made up of various constructive elements. Achievement of meaning in a novel depends greatly upon the arrangement and use of structure elements, when viewing the novel from a structural standpoint. The structure in the novel is achieved through the examination of identity of the novel, from the title to the content, point of view and the narrator, plot, time, setting and personalities, and the interrelation between meaning and structure is analyzed. In the analysis of setting (namely space) the meaning attached to space is taken into consideration and the setting is considered as narrowing, labyrinth or widening setting; and in the analysis of personea, the normative, decorative and stereotypical characters are detected so as to shed light on the main character. Irazca’nın Dirliği, in which the life matters of Anatolian people, who are in search of a peaceful lifestyle following the foundation of Turkish Republic, mainly focuses upon social inequality, which forms the main axis of Fakir Baykurt’s novels. Structural elements that are helpful in understanding the meaning entity of the novel are examined so as to throw light upon the life of the protagonist, Irazca.

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ODNOS IZMEĐU FILOSOFIJE I TEOLOGIJE U POSTMODERNO DOBA

Author(s): Muhammad Legenhausen / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2005

Dok sam bio učenik katoličke škole(Catholic high school) u Queensu, NewYork, učio sam da, iako je filozofija majka znanosti, ona je, u isto vrijeme, i sluškinja teologije. Ponekad se dijalog između filozofije i teologije može učiniti poput zapovijedanja gospodarice teologije svojoj učenoj, ali pokornoj sluškinji, ali to je bilo vrlo davno, ukoliko je ikadi bilo tako.Ideju da filozofija treba biti u službi teologije, u najmanjem, od vremena prosvjetljenja evropske misli, odbacili sugotovo svi filozofi na Zapadu, a i mnogi teolozi.

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Zašto poštar zvoni? Derrida i Lacan

Author(s): Mario Kopić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 25/2017

Odnos Jacquesa Derride prema Jacquesu Lacanu, kojega tumači prvenstveno na podlozi punog govora (parole pleine) iz njegova znamenitog rimskog referata, održana rujna 1953. godine pod nazivom Uloga i polje govora i jezika u psihoanalizi (Fonction et champ de la parole et du langage en psychanalyse), nadasve je u znamenju kritike.

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Ništa i nešto

Author(s): Ivana Seletković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 25/2017

Što jest nešto zbog čega o(p)staje razlikovanje zla i dobra i njihovih fetišističkih izvedenica Raja i Pakla? Ako je nešto povezano sa značenjem i ništa je također. Krenimo ovako! Torinski konj (Bela Tarr) je priča o preživljavanju u odnosu ništa i nešto, potpuno minimalistički. Ali renesansa minimalizma može se naći i u njegovom Sotonskom tangu (po predlošku Krasznahorkai-a), prilogu rođenju i stasavanju tihe anarhije. Kakvi su likovi u tom romanu i kako se odnose prema distinkcijama?

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Posthumano, transhumano, inhumani

Author(s): Slavoj Žižek / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 24/2016

S hajdegerijanske tačke gledišta, suvremena svjetska znanstveno-tehnološka civilizacija predstavlja prijetnju ontološkoj razlici – ono što Heidegger naziva "opasnošću" ugrađenom u naš način života. Popularni izraz te prijetnje jeste danas manje-više uobičajeno prihvaćen osjećaj kako se mi (čovječanstvo) danas približavamo radikalnoj mutaciji, ulasku u "postuhamo" stanje bića. Ponekad se ta mutacija opisuje kao prijetnja samoj suštini ljudskog bića, a ponekad se slavi kao prelazak u novi singularitet (kolektivni um, novo biće kiborg, ili kakva druga verzija ničeanskoga Nadčovjeka). Nadalje, ova je mutacija i teorijska i praktična, osjećamo je svi – ko može izmjeriti implikacije i posljedice biogenetike, novih protetičkih implantata koji će se povezati s našim biološkim tijelom, novih načina kontrole i upravljanja ne samo našim tjelesnim funkcijama nego i našim mentalnim procesima?

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Ja nisam svoj mozak...

Author(s): Nadežda Čačinovič / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 24/2016

Općenito gledano naslovi se teško mogu zaštiti autorskim pravima, iako pretpostavljam da ima nekog načina zaštiti inovativne književne naslove. Naslov teksta blizak je naslovu jedne razmjerno nove knjige, knjige Marcusa Gabriela, Ja nije mozak, koja dosta jednostavno izlaže, mogli bismo reći interdisciplinarnu, raspravu o svijesti, mozgu pa i popularne predodžbe o umjetnoj inteligenciji, strahu od robota i tome slično.

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Sedma varijacija: Funta mesa i kći

Author(s): Mladen Dolar / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 24/2016

Sama priča o funti mesa i razrješenje zapleta time da je nije moguće odsjeći bez krvi vrlo je stara. Izgleda da je njezin prvi izvor u rimskom pravu, u onih 12 tablica (iz približno 450. godine prije Krista) koje predstavljaju njegov prvi pravi dokument. Tu nalazimo napomenu krajnjeg sredstva koje nastupa ako dužnik ne može otplatiti dug: založiti mora svoje tijelo s kojim povjeritelji mogu učiniti što ih volja, razrezati ga itd. Qui non habet in aere, luat in cute. Tijelo tu nastupa kao posljednje vlasništvo, tada kad više nije moguće ništa dati kad si već dao sve što imaš.

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Uticaj Johanesa Fabijana na Kloda Levi-Strosa

Author(s): Miloš Milenković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2010

In his explicitly theoretical works, Johannes Fabian, one of the key intradisciplinary "affinities" of the author-founder of postmodern anthropology, constructed a specific view of Claude Lévi-Strauss's structuralism, which, as reinterpreted by critical anthropologists, was to fundamentally shape the history of anthropological post-structuralism. In order to explain that the constitution of the subject of research through research itself – i.e. "the invention of the subject of anthropology" – should be accorded the status of the crucial problem of anthropological methodology, Fabian imputed to Lévi-Strauss a rigid and amateurish preconception of research in the natural sciences as inherently positivist. The opposition structuralism/poststructuralism = positivism/postpositivism thus implied was to permanently reshape discussions on realism in critical anthropology, with absurd consequences. The most important of these was the supposedly "antirealist" character of postmodern anthropology, as a direct derivative of critical anthroplogy, which, being aware that reality is created by research, was now seen to play a somehow more ethical and less repressive part in knowledge/power games. The delight at the discovery of this methodological commonplace – that the subject of research is constituted by research itself – might have been but a matter of passing interest, being itself a common enough phenomenon, had not this particular intradisciplinary exchange led to the discrediting of the entire methodological package associated with structuralism. Paradoxically, the retaining of a realistic, radically antipositivist structural method would have made possible the achievement of the cultural-critical ambitions of postmodern anthropology's research program, had not the method been ineptly contaminated by this chain of activist reinterpretation which eventually frustrated the aims it had set out to accomplish.

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Geertz vs. Lévi-Strauss: Des hypothèses structurales sous-jacentes dans le culturalisme de Geertz?

Author(s): Gordana Gorunović / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2009

These are two authors, in Foucauldian terms that certainly belong to the most influential individuals in socio-cultural anthropology, as well as in the social sciences and interdisciplinary research more broadly. Claude Levi-Strauss became some kind of an "intellectual hero" during the domination of structuralism in the mid-twentieth century and during the 1960s, while Clifford Geertz was an ‘icon and ambassador’ of anthropology in the second half of the twentieth century. They are both one of the founders of the discourse theory. They not only established a distinct theoretical approaches and methods – structural (Levi-Strauss) and interpretative anthropology (Clifford Geertz), but through their intellectual authority they also inspired paradigms and intellectual movements making structuralism and "interpretation of culture" more than some passing episodes in the history of social though (in terms of "trendy ideas"). My aim is to make some parallels between these two authors, who despite all the differences that are evident in their epistemological discourses, theoretical approaches and methods (as well as in their ethnographic and anthropological writings itself) still have some similarities in their theorisation and interpretation of culture, which I would like to stress in this paper.

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Idéalisme transcendantal et structuralisme

Author(s): Ivan Vuković / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2009

The author examines possible analogies between Kant’s transcendental idealism and de Saussure’s and Levi-Strauss’s structuralism, in order to analyse if the former can be understood as a predecessor for the later. The author shows that both teachings assume a priori formal framework, but they diverge in the ways they describe it, as well as in understanding of its function. Consequently, the author concludes that structuralism can be seen as one possible use of Kant’s idea about the existence of such a frame. Furthermore, the author claims that Ricker’s understanding of structuralism as ‘Kantianism without transcendental subject’ should be rejected, since a teaching which does not assume existence of such subject cannot be understood as Kantian.

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Lévi-Strauss : UNESCO = anthropologie : politique

Author(s): Ljiljana Gavrilović / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2009

This paper discusses Levi-Strauss engagement in UNESCO activities. On the one hand, Levi-Strauss engagement in Pakistan had an important impact on his later work, as well as on his overall view about the world and culture(s); while on the other, Levi-Strauss’s definitions of the relationship between race/nation and culture had an important influence on the ways in which UNESCO dealt with the ideas about culture and on the ways these ideas were implemented in its global strategies of action in/towards culture. On the one hand, this engagement included a delivery of the European world view (as a superior one) to everyone who does not have it; while on the other, it also meant a protection of material remains of different cultures world-wide and protection of non-material heritage and/as entire "Othern-ness", whenever it is located, and (at least in theory) however it looks like. In that sense, Levi-Strauss public engagement had an important impact not only on anthropology, as a discipline that he dedicated his life to, but also to the formation of contemporary understanding of politically correct relationship towards the "Other".

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Lévi-Strauss et l’Opéra

Author(s): Vlado Kotnik / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2009

This paper is dedicated to Claude Lévi-Strauss and his structural reading of opera as metaphorical ‘composing’ of an anthropological grand opera, materialized in the four-volume study of Mythologiques, which refers to Wagner’s tetralogy of The Ring. He created a type of comparative view of the function and structure of myth schemes in Amerindian culture and the orchestral scores of Wagner’s operas, and implicitly signalled that European music, with its eminent representation – opera – has had the same value or similar symbolic position in the mind and life of a contemporary European that myth has had in ‘the savage mind’. Through this, he can lead us to the understanding of opera as myth and metaphor. However, the paper extends the discussion on Lévi-Strauss to a broader historical picture of the relationship between opera and mythology as two symbolic systems of European culture.

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"Rébellion du signifiant": Rayonnement contemporain du concept de bricolage

Author(s): Ines Prica / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2009

" In this paper the concept of bricolage is applied to the paradoxical contexts of transitory societies using the translation of general theoretical concepts to those politically recognizable. On the one hand, notions of intersubjectivity, improvisation and self-organisation suggest social functioning based on the principles of free market, management and self-government; while on the other, common understanding of transition as the "application of democracy according to a model", introduces radically different background of bricolage as non-inventiveness, imitation, fragmentary connection and "irrational mentality".

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