Klasni rat i nakon njega

Author(s): Ernesto Laclau / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2015

Od početka stoljeća, četiri su ključna pojma oblikovala način na koji je zapad na europska ljevica shvaćala svijet. Otprilike početkom 1900ih, društveni i politički događaji bili su shvaćeni kao dio neumoljive propasti kapitalističkoga sistema i neizbježnoga kretanja prema socijalizmu. Tijekom 1930ih, ta je vizija bila uklopljena u perspektivu koja je opreku između demokracije i fašizma vidjela kao temeljnu političku podjelu.

КОМПЛЕТНО ИЗДАЊЕ КЊИГА XXVI. БРОЈ 3. 1933

Author(s): Mirko Jurkić,Milan Ćurčin,Aleksandar Grombah,Aleksa Božić,Louis Adamič,Ivo Politeo,J. Zubović,Aleksandar Mužinić / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 03/1933

Ideowe zmagania Stefana Kisielewskiego z polskim komunizmem

Author(s): Miłowit Kuniński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Stefan Kisielewski (1911–1991) a Polish novelist, composer, music critic, essayist, feature writer and a politician, was an exceptional personage in post‑World War II Poland. In his features, published in Tygodnik Powszechny since 1945, in a light, ironic and allusive way to prevent censorship, he described the Polish reality that his readers were acquainted with, in a way that revealed the real causes of the phenomena he observed. The truth was simple: the communist reality was the result of politico‑economic system that was imposed based on a Marxist theory of economy. Kisielewski’s criticism of communism was not just a matter of a keen observation and sensible conclusions; it was based on his studies of Marxism that he began before World War II. In turn, in Wilhelm Röpke’s Die Gesellschaftskrisis der Gegenwart (1942), he found an accurate characterisation of the socialist economy and an explanation for its non‑functioning. The second important reason for his criticism of communism was Kisielewski’s Catholicism, which operated as a counter‑balance to Marxism, combined with the idea of a liberal‑democratic regime. In his later years, Kisielewski criticised the social teachings of the Catholic Church, and suggested a new idea that they were based on “the theology of profit” (a prefiguration of the encyclical Centesimus Annus) as an ideological justification of the attitudes necessary for the functioning of the market economy in Poland. He even suggested the implementation of a dictatorship to avoid long parliamentary democratic procedures, and in this way to establish a quick and effective market economy on the ruins of socialism.

Sowjetunion - Sowjetunion - Hat eine marxistische Opposition in der Sowjetunion eine Zukunft?

Author(s): Bohdan Krawchenko / Language(s): German Issue: 14/1983

Wir müssen uns darüber klar sein, daß, wenn wir die Frage der Zukunft einer marxistischen Opposition in der Sowjetunion diskutieren, über die Zukunft des sowjetischen Marxismus selbst debattiert wird. Denn der sogenannte Marxismus der herrschenden Gruppe ist tot. Marxismus, verstanden als Theorie und Praxis der Selbstbefreiung einer weltumfassenden Klasse — der Arbeiterklasse — wird entweder unter dem Banner der Opposition wieder entstehen oder er wird für immer begraben sein.

Nostalgia Paradisului

Author(s): Corneliu Barborică / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2012

The article is an attempt at presenting the most important moments in the development of utopia as a perennial quest of humanity for a better world, in compensation for the manifold evils prevalent in our society. The author shows the origin of the utopia, which is not born from nothing but is the result of several myths, social disorders and mainly deep disappointment with the real society. Several important utopias of the world literature are quoted, such as the Egyptian paradise of Amenti, the Greek myth of Arcadia, Plato’s Respublica, as well as the contributions of Campanella and Thomas Morus. Karl Marx with his Manifesto and Capital is not omitted. Looking at the present day utopias, the author warns against the utopia transposed into politics.

The Nationalist Perspective within Slovak Communist Intellectual Thinking (1921–1968)

Author(s): Adam Hudek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This study deals with the idea of nationalism in the thinking of Slovak communist intellectuals from the early 1920s until the end of the 1960s. The variety of roles that national communism took during these decades are detailed, including an “intellectual exercise” in the 1930s, an ideological deviation in the 1950s, a program of national emancipation in 1960s and finally, the narrative of legitimizing the normalization orthodoxy after the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion into Czechoslovakia. The aim of this paper is to explore the variety of ways Slovak communist intellectuals connected the Marxist-Leninist worldview with their own nationalist discourse in different periods, describing how encountered ideological dilemmas were solved and then integrated into the program of Slovak national communism. The opening pages discuss the first generation of Slovak Marxist intellectuals in the interwar period, who defined the essential points of the Slovak national communist program. Next, following the example of historian Ľubomír Lipták, the second part documents the “intellectual de-Stalinization” of the 1960s, which included profound criticism of the Slovak position in the republic. The final piece of this study analyzes the culmination of discussions regarding Czech-Slovak relations in 1968 and 1969.

Why American Education Today Ought to be Counter-Cultural

Author(s): Curtis L. Hancock / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

In his article, the author points out the gradual domination of leftists in universities, which eventually affected all American institutions. This is very evident today in the leftist attitudes of the media, the legal profession, the bureaucracy, the government, and even the clergy. The author argues that because of this transformation, if one wants to assess the state of American society, one must address what has happened in the universities. As universities have normalized Marxist cultural principles and attitudes, the critic of higher education must expose these Marxist tendencies in schools. Because this Marxist tendency now dominates university culture, it must be demanded that higher education reform today be countercultural.

За Емилия Минева, или за философията като стремеж към истината и като дело на живота

Author(s): Nikolay Mihaylov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2022

Associate Professor Emilia Mineva was an established university teacher and historian of philosophy. Her rich body of work encompasses a study of the heritage of philosophical ideas in the 19th century with an emphasis, but not exclusively, on studies of Marxist philosophy, intellectual history of anarchism, philosophical ethics, etc. The field of her scientific interest included topics from all areas of philosophical knowledge, which she summarized as an author, editor, translator, and compiler. The article traces the professional path of prof. E. Mineva, focusing on the important moments in the content of her philosophical works, and is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of her birth.

Към елиминиране на догматичната естетика

Author(s): Ivan Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The process of liberation of Bulgarian culture from the orthodox aesthetics founded on class politics began in 1956 as an integral part of the general process of destalinisation and developed thanks to the formation of another generation of researchers in the field of aesthetics and criticism. This process developed mainly along the following lines: a) a search for a new answer to the question of what the essence of art is, an emphasis on its humanistic significance and critical social role; b) a decisive move closer to the current problems of artistic creation and to the innovative artifacts of modern Western art; c) the autonomous presence of art in social life requires a fundamental rethinking of form in relation to artistic content.

Estetyka jako teoria krytyczna. Filozofia sztuki Theodora W. Adorna

Author(s): Rafał Czekaj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (20)/2022

In his article, Rafał Czekaj presents Theodor W. Adorno’s aesthetic theory as an example of critical theory in the sense given to this term by the Frankfurt School. Czekaj outlines the context of the development of Adorno’s philosophy of art, which consisted of the School representatives’ insights into and diagnoses of contemporary civilization and social structures. He also names those themes of Adorno’s philosophical work which determined the conclusions of his aesthetics, i.e., chiefly the idea of instrumental rationality presented in Dialectic of Enlightenment as well as the so-called identity thinking, both being mechanisms responsible for the oppressive state of reality.

Surrealism, Socialist Realism, Dialogue?

Author(s): Michał Kozłowski / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2022

The text offers a critical and comprehensive review of Dorota Jarecka’s book Surrealizm, realizm, marksizm. Sztuka i lewica komunistyczna w Polsce w latach 1944–1948 [Surrealism, Realism, Marxism: Art and the Communist Left in Poland between 1944 and 1948]. The reviewer appreciates the main methodological premise of the book, namely that the tensions and conflicts generated within the triangle “avant-garde – realism – emancipatory role of art” cannot be reduced to a binary opposition between totalitarian ideology and the legitimate art world. In fact, it reflects the contradictory dynamics of politically engaged art in general and the context of post-war Poland in particular. Despite the book’s formidable factual support, the result of extensive and comprehensive query, the reviewer still regrets that the author remains primarily an art historian rather than social historian of art. This note of regret however does not diminish this noble contribution to understanding the logics of Polish visual arts in the aftermath of World War II. This area is much less known generally than the literature of this very period.

The Power to Express Who You Can Become. Sabine Hake in Conversation with Magda Szcześniak

Author(s): Magda Szcześniak,Sabine Hake / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2021

A conversation about Sabine Hake's interdisciplinary three-volume study on the proletarian imaginary in German culture from the 1860s to the 1960.

For a Political Portrait of Nikoloz (Carlo) Chkheidze

Author(s): Otar Janelidze / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2022

The elite of the Democratic Republic of Georgia is decorated with many famous personalities. Among them are Karlo Chkheidze, one of the founders of the Mesame Dasi (Third Group) deputy of the State Duma of Russia of the third and fourth convocations and leader of the Social Democratic faction, chairman of the Transcaucasian Seim, and then the National Council, Parliament and Constituent Assembly of Georgia. His name is closely connected not only with the revolutionary movement and the spread of Marxist ideology in the working circles of our country but also with the history of the Georgian Democratic Republic of 1918-1921. He was one of the prominent figures among those who led and laid the foundation for the new Georgian state, inextricably rooted in Western values, parliamentary democracy, freedom of speech, self-expression, and so on. in Georgian reality. Thanks to his professionalism, inner honesty, and moral authority, he was respected not only by members of the Social Democratic Party who headed the government but also by representatives of the opposition spectrum and Georgian society as a whole. Karlo Chkheidze was well known and appreciated both in the circles of the Russian and the international socialist movement. He was also an important figure in the Georgian political emigration, which continued the struggle for the liberation of Georgia abroad since 1921.

Aesthetic Uses of Psychoanalysis in Theodor W. Adorno’s ‘Notes on Kafka’

Author(s): Washington Morales-Maciel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This article argues that for Theodor W. Adorno psychoanalysis illuminates the nature of literary interpretation. Particularly, Adorno’s metacriticism defines the interpretative procedures of literature and some affinities between the aims of literary and psychoanalytic interpretations. However, his arguments do not rest on a ‘top-down’ analysis but on a ‘bottom-up’ one. So, this article also argues that Adorno’s interest in Franz Kafka’s oeuvre focuses on literary criticism and defends some theses on metacriticism. Nevertheless, for Adorno, interpreting literature implies switching the reader’s attention from ordinary meaning understanding to aesthetic appreciation. In this respect, my article finally argues that what Adorno called (literary) ‘gestures’ works as the resource for metacriticism, analogous to Freudian slips.

Utopia, Sound, and Matter in Ernst Bloch

Author(s): Federico Rampinini / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Bloch’s philosophy of music is one of the most interesting of the twentieth century, particularly in the context of Marxist aesthetics. This article focuses on the various peculiarities of this thought, which seldom are highlighted. Firstly, through a new analysis of the musical sections of Spirit of Utopia and The Principle of Hope, the relation between utopia and music will be discussed in Sections 2 and 3 in order to show the originality of Bloch’s refusal of the Marxist base-superstructure model in the field of aesthetics. In contrast to the other philosophies of music, the study of music inspires theoretical speculation in Bloch’s thought and not vice versa. In order to demonstrate this connection, in Sections 4 and 5, the idea of the sound in Spirit of Utopia will be examined and compared to the conception of the matter as it is presented in The Principle of Hope, The Materialism Problem, its History and Substance, and other works. These paragraphs aim to highlight how the early conception of sound was the model for the later conception of matter.

Manifest jako performativní experiment. Odpověď Peteru Daubnerovi

Author(s): Michael Hauser / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2024

The article by discusses the resurgence of manifestos in contemporary times as a response to global chaos and crises. Hauser responds to Daubner's critique of his manifesto, emphasizing the importance of manifestos in providing direction and proposals for societal progress. He highlights the historical significance of manifestos during periods of avant-garde movements and modernism, and their decline in the postmodern era. Hauser argues that manifestos are crucial for addressing current social and political issues, and he defends his approach of writing a manifesto without extensive annotations to encourage deeper engagement with the text. He also addresses criticisms regarding his perceived leniency towards socialist practices of the 20th century, clarifying his intent to explore moments of real emancipation in history. Hauser concludes by advocating for the revival of socialist ideas and movements to tackle contemporary inequalities and crises.

Profeţie şi profesiunea de a fi capitalist

Author(s): Ivan Ivlampie / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2020

The central premise of Karl Marx's work, Capital, boils down to the idea that the employer's profit comes from his employee's unpaid labor. The value of goods delivered to the market is exclusively determined during the working hours of the workers. The capitalist's profit is an unjust and immoral social fact. The entrepreneur does not make any physical or intellectual effort in the production process of goods or services in his field of activity, but only spends his energy squeezing the profit. As a social parasite, he deserves to be eliminated through the communist revolution from humanity's history. Throughout this study, we argue against this ideological perspective on history.

O LEVOJ STRATEGIJI. RAZGOVOR SA VIVEKOM ČIBEROM

Author(s): Janko Stefanović,Miloš V. Janković,Vivek Chibber / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

Interview with Vivek Chibber by Janko Stefanović and Miloš Janković.

Neofeminism in Late-Yugoslav Society

Author(s): Dubravka Đurić,Aleksandra Izgarjan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The paper analyzes the development of neofeminism in Yugoslavia as a socialist and non-aligned country with self-management as the dominant mode of social organization. We set out to examine to what extent this social and political background influenced the appearance of neofeminism in the early 1960s, its development, transformations and branching out into different forms and eventual decline in the late 1980s. It is our contention that in the late-socialist culture in Yugoslavia, feminist theory was present from the 1960s to 1980s in different forms. Yugoslav female and male authors openly debated and wrote about feminist issues, they were also influenced by numerous translations of the works of feminist authors. The paper discusses two main branches of Yugoslav neofeminism: socialist neofeminism and Marxist neofeminism. In conclusion, we reflect upon the legacy of neofeminism in Serbia as a post-Yugoslav society.

Екзистенциализмът в ранното творчество на Асен Игнатов

Author(s): Georgi Belogashev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article explores Ignatov’s scientific interest in humanism, the place of the individual in the social structure, the various consequences of this position, dogmatism, anti-dogmatism, and other issues related to socio-historical reality.