GERALD JAMES WHITROW’S PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH TO THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE

Author(s): Giovanni Macchia / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

One of the few authors to have explicitly connected the cosmological issue of the universe’s expansion with the philosophy of space is Gerald James Whitrow (1912–2000). A man of extraordinary erudition, he was a British physical mathematician, cosmologist and historian of science. His main contributions were in cosmology and astrophysics, but he also wrote noteworthy essays in history and philosophy of science, above all on the concept of time. His masterpiece is The Natural Philosophy of Time, a monumental book published in 1961 and 1980. My analysis will be focused on it, specifically upon his position on the philosophical implications regarding space as they emerge from modern cosmology.

REMEMBERING MAURO FRANCAVIGLIA

Author(s): Marcella Palese,Ekkehart Winterroth / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The relevance and worldwide impact of the scientific work of MauroFrancaviglia is very well known.We want here to recall his ability in communicating science and thus, inparticular, his role as scientific guide for us, since we were his PhDstudents. What was fascinating in being a student of Mauro was hisinterest for science as a whole, for ideas rather than merely computations.

Myśl Gastona Bachelarda: interpretacje francuskiej krytyki i próba antropologicznej syntezy

Author(s): Kamila Morawska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Problem jedności

Author(s): François Dagognet / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

O nieco zapomnianej książce Bachelarda

Author(s): Henryk Chudak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Wertykalność marzenia

Author(s): Marta Ples-Bęben / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Husserlův Platón

Author(s): Ivan Blecha / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Unlike Martin Heidegger, who was always critical of Plato’s role in the history of philosophy, and Jan Patočka, who was more charitable but still had serious misgivings about Plato, Edmund Husserl saw Plato truly positively. However, his view resulted from the fact that he had simplified Plato’s theory substantially and adapted it to his own view of philosophy. According to Husserl, Plato was an inspirational figure as a founder of philosophical ‘theory of science’, and because he sought abstract knowledge of the Forms, he could serve as a useful contrast to the one-sided philosophy of modern empiricism. This paper attempts to present Husserl’s position in a greater detail and assess it.

JEAN-PHILIPPE RAMEAU: SCIENTIFIC THINKER AND WELL-ROUNDED MUSICIAN

Author(s): Rossella Marisi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Jean-Philippe Rameau is today best known for his endeavours as a composer for the harpsichord, but in eighteenth-century France he was considered a real genius, due to the variety of his interests in acoustics, music theory, music pedagogy, and his success as a composer of diverse music genres. This study aims to highlight the connections between some works he authored over a fifteen-year period: on the one hand, Rameau’s treatises expressing his scientific thought, such as Traité, Nouveau système, and Génération harmonique, and, on the other, his musical works reflecting his music aesthetics, such as the Piéces de clavecin and the opera Castor et Pollux.

Posthümanizm/Transhümanizm Çerçevesinde Yapay Zekâyla Desteklenmiş Çevreci ve İklim Dostu Enerji Kavramına Yaklaşım

Author(s): Selman Çağman / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Yaşamakta olduğumuz dünyada, nüfus artışı, teknolojik gelişmeler ve sınırlı doğal kaynakların tüketilmesi sebebiyle küresel ısınma, iklim değişikliği, sıcaklıkların artması, tarım arazilerindeki verim düşüklüğü gibi küresel ölçekli çevresel sorunlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Teknolojinin de ilerlemesi teknolojide kullanılan kaynak ve enerji tüketimi talebini hızlandırmış, bu talep insanın yaşadığı dünyadaki sınırlı kaynakların hızlı tüketilmesi problemini ve çevresel sorunları beraberinde getirmiştir. Teknoloji, sadece hızla artış gösteren çevresel sorunlara sebebiyet verme-miş aynı zamanda da insanı kendisine bağımlı hale getirmiştir. Teknolojinin insan hayatının vazgeçilmez bir parçası haline gelmesi, konfor için daha fazla teknoloji bağımlısı haline dönüşen ve bunun sonucu olarak da değişen insan için farklı yaklaşımlar ve söylemler; posthümanizm ve transhümanizm (hümanizm’den evrilerek) ortaya çıkmıştır. Posthüman/insan sonrası dönem olarak adlandırılan bu dönemde teknolojik gelişmelerin gölgesinde, insan-teknoloji-makine (robot) arasındaki bağ hiç olmadığı kadar yakınlaşmıştır. Posthüman çerçevede “[i]nsanlar, çeşitli yaşam biçimleri tarafından oluşturulan melez (hybrid) varlıklardır ve artık diğer yaşam biçimlerinden ayrı olarak ifade edilemezler. Ancak sosyal, kültürel, ekolojik ve politik güler içinde insan ve insan olamayan varlıklar içten-etkimeli olarak ifade edilmektedir” (Kümbet 2020b 70).

Posthümanizm Bizi Kurtarabilir mi?

Author(s): Kevin LaGrandeur / Language(s): Turkish,English Publication Year: 0

Our world is in trouble. Climates are changing, oceans rising, storms becoming more extreme and unpredictable, more animals are becoming extinct, the gap between rich and poor is increasing, as is social disruption, and dangerous wars are looming. Things don’t look promising. Can posthumanism rescue us, our fellow living things, and our planet from demise? Maybe.

За философския принос на Азаря Поликаров и дискусиите около рецепцията му

Author(s): Yvanka Raynova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In her Editor’s Introduction to the Collected Paper Volume, Raynova presents the different assessments of Polikarov's philosophical contribution in Bulgaria and abroad, as well as his own self-assessment. Hence, she raises a broader question for discussion, namely of how to interpret more completely the legacy of an im-portant thinker and its place in a particular philosophical tradition. In addition to hermeneutic and comparative procedures, Raynova emphasizes the importance of more detailed analyzes of the cultural context and the sociopolitical situation in which the author lived and worked.

Позицията на Азаря Поликаров в контекста на дебатите между догматици и ревизионисти в началото на 60-те години на 20 век

Author(s): Dimitar Tsatsov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

On the basis of Azarya Polikarov's speech in 1962 at the Scientific Conceal of the Institute of Philosophy in Sofia, an attempt is made to sketch some leading trends in the scientific and socio-psychological atmosphere at the Institute of Philosophy in the 1960s, outlining two conflicts: Azarya Polikarov versus Todor Stoychev (Communist Party secretary of the Institute), and the defense of the philosopher Bernard Muntyan by Azarya Polikarov.

Пролиферация и синтез в съвременната философия на науката: дискусиите върху фактичността на разбирането

Author(s): Lilia Gurova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The divergent-convergent approach developed by Polikarov presents the problemsolving process as consisting of two phases: a phase of divergence and a phase of convergence. The divergence phase ends with the generation of the fullest possible field of possible solutions. Proliferation is a process that serves this purpose. The convergence phase ends with the selection of the best solution. Sometimes, however, the best solution is not among those available in the field of possible solutions, but is achieved by synthesizing some of these solutions. For Polikarov, synthesis is always a conscious goal. This paper examines an example from recent philosophy of science related to the discussions on the factivity of understanding, which shows that a tendency towards synthesis can arise without it being consciously sought, as a by-product of the proliferation process.

Претворяването на Поликаров: дивергентно-конвергентният метод при решаване на психофизичния проблем

Author(s): Drozdstoj Stoyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The psychophysical problem defines the hybrid structure of the shared field of neuroscience and psychopathology. In that field there collide nomothetic and ideographic notions and methods, which imply very often heterogeneous meaning. This paves the ground for the incoherence in the theories of mental life, which vary from extreme and deterministic forms of reductive materialism to incongruent tacit positions of interactionist dualism. By means of Polikarov’s divergent-convergent method we were able to trace the co-evolution of neuroscience and the sciences about mental health, through divergent field of possible solutions in the discourse of the XIX century, to a reduced group of predominant project-solutions based on evidence from neuroscience. This group is comprised of identity theory of mind, applied to more basic mental phenomena, and supervenience theory of mind, applied to complex psychological functions. Those project-decisions were tested empirically by use of innovative paradigm for functional magnetic-resonance imaging of the brain, where brain signal is registered simultaneously with the item responses to psychological diagnostic tools. The results support to a great extent the proposed project-solutions of the psychophysical problem in psychopathology. Our data on conceptual, empirical and meta-empirical level confirm the validity of the heuristic divergent-convergent method for problem solving, by Polikarov on transdisciplinary level.

Аналогията като метод за изграждане на модели в науката

Author(s): Plamen Damyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Based on Azarya Polykarov’s ideas in the field of methodology of science, the author presents analogy as one of the epistemological methods. The development of analogy is described as a heuristic method of knowledge from antiquity to present with a focus on the fields of natural sciences such as mathematics, mechanics, particle physics and cosmology. Henceforth sre analyzed the possibilities and the limitations of this method for building life-sized models in certain scientific fields, such as atomic physics, classical mechanics, hydrodynamics, quantum mechanics and space physics.

Azarya Polikarov und die Umgestaltung der Wissenschaft in der Volksrepublik Bulgarien

Author(s): Peter Bachmaier / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

Science was an important factor in the "construction of socialism" in Bulgaria, and Prof. Azarya Polikarov played a significant role in this respect. He developed the so-called divergent and convergent method in solving of scientific problems and applied it to different sciences (history, logic, physics and cosmology as well as philosophy and philosophy of science). Among the results obtained in this way are: the possible and legitimate interpretations of the relations E = mc2; the relevant conceptions of determinism and causality in physics, the conceivable hypotheses about quasars, and the relations between empirical and theoretical knowledge. In addition, Polikarov made proposals for a metaparadigm of scientific development, for a typology or classification of the sciences, as well as a classification of interdisciplinary fields.

Studie o tom, proč se základy teorie věd téměř neučí

Author(s): Jindřiška Svobodová,Jan Novotný / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The scientific method represents a way of critical thinking. Science strengthens the ability to have an opinion founded more facts than personal feelings. We assume that scientific thinking provides many skills for cognitive development of every person. Those skills can be transferred to other learning and general social contexts. Our research study presents the university students opinions and ideas which could help identify the causes of the problem why students get taught so little about the science as whole?

Problematické části učiva matematiky, aneb proč mi nejde matematika

Author(s): Růžena Blažková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

K zamyšlení nad tím, proč mají někteří žáci v matematice problémy, vyjděme ze dvou citátů Jana Amose Komenského: • Není zrcadla tak zdrásaného, aby se vypulírovati nedalo, proto raději začněme stokrát znovu, než se jednou vzdát. • Nad zlato dražší klenot je dítě, ale nad sklo křehčí. Snadno se může ublížiti a škoda odtud nesmírná.

Gregor Johann Mendel – muž řady talentů, profesí i poslání Erster Weg - Gregor Johann Mendel – ein Mann vieler Talente, Berufe und Berufungen

Author(s): Blanka Křížová / Language(s): English,Czech,German Publication Year: 0

Johann was born on 20 July 1822 in Hynčice, Silesia, into the family of German-speaking small farmers Anton and Rosina Mendel. He had an older and a younger sister (two of this other sisters died early in childhood). • From an early age, the boy was very curious. He found many stimuli in his father’s orchard and apiary. Already at elementary school, his teacher noticed his unusual interest in learning. From this time, his life took a course different from that which one might expect from his family background...

Výzkum osobních předmětů G. J. Mendela – zdroj hledání DNA - G. J. Mendels persönliche Utensilien – DNA-Quelle dringend gesucht

Author(s): Dana Fialová,Filip Pardy,Kristýna Brzobohatá / Language(s): English,Czech,German Publication Year: 0

From the very first stages of planning the project to study the genome of Gregor Johann Mendel, it was clear that if Mendel’s remains were found in the tomb, it would not be possible to unequivocally identify them without a reference genetic material. The Augustinian tomb at the Brno Central Cemetery, where Gregor Johann Mendel is buried, has been used for more than 150 years, and the coffins are placed there more or less anonymously, and not in any order.