We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

5.90 €

Preview

Hannah Arendt i politička teologija: premješten susret

Author(s): Nathan Van Camp / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2015

Zadnjih godina vidjeli smo neočekivan porast interesa za odnos između religije i politike. Samouvjerenost koju je liberalna demokracija stekla nakon pada komunizma ubrzo je splasnula s usponom raznih vjerskih pokreta koji su zahtijevali svoje mjesto u javnosti ili otvoreno izjavili kako se protive sekularnom političkom poretku. Dakle, dok smo na početku 1990ih svjedočili bujanju optimizma glede političke stabilnosti, prosperiteta i demokratizacije u narednom razdoblju, pa su neku najavili »kraj povijesti«, zbog provale vjerskoga nasilja na Balkanu, Srednjem istoku, Indiji i mnogim drugim krajevima, a napose zbog 11. rujna i njegovih posljedica, postalo je jasno da nakon poraza socijalističke alternative nisu potpuno zgasnule eshatološke nade. Nagli povratak vjerskoga u politiku nagnao je znanstvenike da ozbiljno razmotre prosvjetiteljsko stajalište kako će snage koje je oslobodio modernizam naposljetku potpuno osla- biti utjecaj religije na političku maštu. Konkretno, postavljeno je pitanje je li vjerovanje u politički poredak koji se ne poziva na neki transcendentalni apsolut puka iluzija. Možda je teokracija samo potisnuti dvojnik liberalne demokracije koji se opet pojavio kao svojevrsni deus ex machina u vremenu kad je postalo razvidno da je demokratska vlast ustvari temeljena na skupu aporijskih koncepcija.

More...

Download

Znaczenie filozofii Immanuela Kanta w kształtowaniu polskiej myśli filozoficznoprawnej XX wieku

Author(s): Anna Kryniecka-Piotrak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The legacy of representatives of the 20th-century Polish philosophy of law thought still requires systematic studies and closer presentation of its ideas, for the ground that it is a source of interesting but sometimes not yet discovered or acquainted scientific concepts. An important part of it are concepts formulated under the influence of Kant's thoughts, taking into consideration that their authors are subject to various inspirations, often referring in their works to more than one philosophical system. Kant's philosophy is a source of inspiration for the formulation of original concepts of innovative sense, in which its assumptions are modified and creatively developed. It is significant that it significantly contributed to the shaping even such standpoints of view that presented a decidedly critical attitude towards German philosophy, mainly due to the alleged idealism and speculative nature. It turns out that Kant's philosophy in the works of representatives of Polish 20th-century philosophy of law thought constitutes an important contribution to concepts concerning the man’s place in society and in the global community, as well as the relationship between individuals and the role of positive law in shaping them. It confirms conviction that it is necessary to undertake research on law from an anthropological and axiological perspective, leading to the formation of the subject of research in the philosophy of law in a specific way. It also led to the consolidation of the view that there is an absolute imperative to respect humanity in every individual, becoming the basis of individualistic thinking and pacifism. The aim of the presented research is therefore a comprehensive presentation of the multidirectional influence of Kant's philosophy on the shaping of Polish 20th-century philosophy of law thought.

More...

Download

Problematyczność stosowania metafizyki do pozytywizmu prawniczego na przykładzie tezy o społecznym źródle prawa

Author(s): Marcin Kanon / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The aim of this article is to present a legal positivist social source thesis in the context of classical metaphysical reflection. Author uses the method of analysing the source texts and abstracts theses that can be considered as metaphysical. Metaphysical theses divide into existential and essential. They are expressed directly by an author or possible to reconstruct. Reasoning was based on convenience that universality of metaphysics should be considered temporally. The thesis about the evolution of ways of understanding reality, along with the development of mankind, is one of the cardinal assumptions of positivism in general. Based on this historiosophical rule, August Comte draws further conclusions about a possible modern philosophy for the future. The denial of metaphysics leads to cursory, perhaps unconscious, acceptance of the theses that have already been developed in the history of philosophy. The reflections are essentially focused on the issue of ontological status of society. Its understanding determines the understanding of social facts and seems to have an impact on social source thesis. The main part of the reflection is placed in a historical context. It enables to examine some aspects that are difficult to consider nowadays. One of the conclusions is that metaphysics to which positivism opposes is dominant in 19th century philosophy, but in general only one of many schools of thought. Since there is no specific literature on that matter, author signalize problems considering them generally.

More...

Download

Coping with Multitudes

Author(s): Nida Vasiliauskaitė / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This article is an outline of the current issue of Filosofija. Sociologija, thematically divided into four sections. Starting from the most general one, focused on abstract topics of metaphysical kind and big names, proceeding to theorize on practices of human co-existence, then dealing specifically with Marxist paradigm, and finally with problems related to artificial intelligence and digital society. The thought of the 20th century and its socio-political implications up till now unites them all.

More...

Download

WŁASNOŚĆ W UJĘCIU WYBRANYCH KIERUNKÓW MYŚLI EKONOMICZNEJ

Author(s): Urszula Zagóra-Jonszta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2007

This text concerns the different interpretations of ownership categories in the light some chosen directions of economic thought. The extensive time partition of presented approaches (since Aristotle and Plato to modern neoliberalists) let us follow evolution of approach and interpretation of this question. Such is the purpose of elaboration. The analysis of introduced views on ownership allows to come for conclusion, that the views were changed depending on social, political, economical and even religious situations. In the determined majority for economic directions, private ownership was preferred and its superiority was recognised. Fact deserves underlining also, that in one area of history the ownership presented one of the basic economic categories.

More...

Download

On the Question of “Dialogue of Cultures”

Author(s): Victoria Omelchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2021

In the article, the author substantiates the advantages of an interdisciplinary dialogue between political science, philosophy and jurisprudence. Philosophy is seen as a methodology of “understanding.” It has defined such concepts as “rule of law” and “democracy.” It has been substantiated that the official language of international politics is law and culture. The advantages of the hermeneutic method in the context of the philosophy of law are analyzed and substantiated. It has been substantiated that understanding the philosophy of law is impossible without a historical and philosophical component that restores the connection between the continuity of ideas and concepts.

More...

Download

SUVREMENA RECEPCIJA CICERONOVE PRIRODNOPRAVNE POSTAVKE O VRHOVNOSTI DOBROBITI I SPASA NARODA U KONTEKSTU IZVANREDNIH STANJA AKTUALIZIRANIH PANDEMIJOM COVID-19

Author(s): Tomislav Nedić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/2021

The work offers an interpretive analysis and reception of Cicero’s claim about the imperative supremacy of welfare and salvation of the people (salus populi suprema lex esto), made in the third book of Cicero’s Laws. This statement is only a piece of the “puzzle” of Cicero’s reflections on government laws, largely focused on the reparation and survival of the Roman Republic, the historical context of which displays many adversities afflicting its integrity. First of all, it is necessary to offer an interpretive overview of Cicero’s claim about the supremacy of welfare and salvation of the people and the Republic in the historical context of the Roman political and legal circumstances, in order to gain a complete insight into the reception of the claim, especially in legal doctrine and practice. The actuality of Cicero’s claim in the form of constitutional provisions (Articles 16, 17 and 101 of the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia) on states of emergency and crisis has particular relevance against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also for some new controversies, as demonstrated by the case study of recent decisions taken by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia.

More...

Download

Gleaning on the Shores of Politics. Commoning as the New Philosophy of Praxis

Author(s): Łukasz Moll / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2020

The article joins the recent discussion, led by theorists of the commons, on the meaning of “commoning”. It proposes to recognize as the main feature of the practice of commoning the capacity to reproduce the autonomy of plebeian life- -worlds that could possibly lead to a post-capitalist future. The identification of commoning as the activity of marginal subjectivities is presented here with the example of gleaning. This traditional activity of the poor is re-examined in the article as an ambiguous practice that escapes the binaries of activity and passivity, positivity and negativity, production and reproduction. Gleaning, with its reproductive capacities, serves as a model for commoning, understood as the new philosophy of praxis, which is much needed in the times of ecological catastrophe and the broken connection between labour and care. The history of struggles around gleaning and the commons, and the figures of the poor female harvester (glaneuse) and urban ragpicker (chiffonier) are recalled in the article in order to recognize the much devaluated potential of commoning to interrupt the history of blind productivism and, together with reclaiming the commons, to also reclaim our future.

More...

Download

Kilka uwag o relacji prawa karnego i moralności wokół problematyki samobójstwa

Author(s): Tomasz Snarski / Language(s): English Issue: 35 (3)/2021

The article is a study of the philosophy of criminal law, reflecting on selected problems resulting from the relationship between the norms of criminal law and moral norms that stand to the fore when analysing the issue of suicide. The study mainly applies theoretical reasoning and an analysis of the law in force. The author attempts to show the importance of moral issues in criminal law, initially identifying the corresponding suicide-related subject matter, and then noticing their universal nature in criminal law and in law in genere. It turns out that many significant general conclusions regarding the relationship between criminal law and morality (both in the field of philosophy and doctrines of criminal law) can be drawn from the narrow subject matter of suicide. This at the same time allows for the formulation of a catalogue of legal desiderata regarding the creation and application of criminal law.

More...

Download

Śmieciowa codzienność konsumenta. Powieść Wiktora Pielewina Generation „Π” w świetle teorii płynnej ponowoczesności Zygmunta Baumana

Author(s): Bożena Żejmo / Language(s): Polish Issue: 170/2020

The purpose of the article is to analyze the novel by Victor Pelevin Generation “P” in the context of the theory of “fluid modernity” of the Polish philosopher and sociologist Zygmunt Bauman. Both the Russian writer and the Polish scholar point out the negative effects of the modern — unusually flexible, fluid, free from borders and conditions — commercial civilization on a person’s daily life, his mentality, value system, self-identification and self-esteem.

More...

Download

СИСТЕМОУТВОРЮЮЧА РОЛЬ ПРАВОВИХ ЦІННОСТЕЙ ТА НОРМ У ВІТЧИЗНЯНОМУ ДЕРЖАВОТВОРЕННІ

Author(s): Yu. Yu. Kalinowski / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2017

Was investigated the system-forming role of legal values and norms in domestic statebuilding. It is alleged that gradation legal values and their social role determined methodological approaches to thinking: positivist or natural and legal. The dominance of the positivist paradigm in understanding the law contributed to the spread of the twentieth century totalitarian and authoritarian political regimes whose leaders rejected natural law values and norms, replacing their so-called «political expediency» and ideological tenets. Repressive totalitarian political regime found its expression in the first place a significant moral person humiliation, catastrophic possibilities for its fulfillment. That is why the criticism of totalitarianism aims to restore such moral and legal values as human dignity. Was indicated that the rooting of democratic values in the public law and practice of nation-building helps overcome strains of legal awareness and legal culture of the population especially in countries that are reforming their political and legal system. For Ukraine, the crucial problem is legal nihilism overcoming, not only among ordinary citizens as among civil servants, senior politicians and so on. Since it is an example of the latter would encourage the establishment of legal values and statist thinking standards. Was proved that the system-forming role of legal values and norms most clearly manifests in collaboration with other values, especially moral and spiritual. The real upsurge of law and legal values is only possible in conjunction with the spiritual and moral nation flourishing, because exactly free individuals and society with a high level of justice are able to deeply understand the importance of instrumental and spiritual rights standards, apply it in daily life.

More...

Download

ОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ВАЛЕНТНОСТЬ ФИЛОСОФИИ ПРАВА

Author(s): E. V. Kachurov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2017

The competition in modern jurisprudence of two respectable scientific disciplines: the philosophy of law and the theory of law, has so far reached such a poignancy that the relevance of the problem of demarcation of these concepts is beyond any doubt. Parallel with this, the question arises about their being-on importance (ontological status) in relation to the legal reality, of which they are a reflection. Mr. Gadamer the first suggested using the term «valence» (Truth and method, 1959) to express this relationship. The paper considers the main approaches to solving this problem, among them three main ones are distinguished: quantitative, reflexive and phenomenological (existential). Each of these approaches has corresponding origins in the history of the classical philosophical tradition. The greatest attention is paid to the third position, because in it, beginning with Dostoevsky, Husserl and Heidegger, a sharp turn (break), which occurred in European thought in the middle of the 19th century, is clearly recorded. Moreover, this approach allows us to go further than the popular ideologies of the last two centuries (Tseshkovsky, Marx, de Gobineau, etc.), which directly present a different view of the world. Existentialism reveals the essence of any ideology on the one hand, and strive to distance it from the other, on the other. This is a rarity in the modern world. This study argues that the «attack on the existing order of things» (Dostoevsky), «the abandonment of the ancient» Epoch "(Husserl) or» invasion of reality "(Heidegger), is the unified basis of all three dominant ideologies of the twentieth century: liberalism, Nationalism and communism, the direct heir of which is most of the theories of the law of modern jurisprudence. Similar to the theories of law, the author contrasts cognition, which first manifested itself in the «State» of Plato, «Politics» and «Ethics» of Aristotle, and reached a classical pattern in Kant’s Metaphysics of Manners, as well as Hegel’s Philosophy of Law. The paper proves that the basis for this experience is a completely different view of the same reality, which is occupied by modern theory of law. For this, the author again refers to the concept of contemplation, thoroughly thought out in German classical philosophy, and uses the hermeneutics of the three forms of image: reflection, reflection and image, proposed by G.-H. Gadamer in «Truth and Method», for the rehabilitation of the philosophy of law.

More...

Download

Universal Principles in Political Philosophy of Dante Alighieri and Immanuel Kant (Part II)

Author(s): Emiliano Mettini / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2021

Ideals of universal power able to manage and solve social and ethical (religious) questions as many ways to reach the highest wisdom, and consequently, fullest well-being of humankind to reach a perpetual peace are present throughout human history so that we can find these ideals in Plato’s Republic, in Aristotle’s Politeia and other works concerning the establishment of more or less utopic “states” and commonwealth since our days. In the present essay we shall scrutinize the universalistic vision of Italian thinker Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) and the cosmopolitan idea of German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804). We decided to analyze the political philosophy of those thinkers on the following grounds: on one hand, D. Alighieri took as the basis of his rumination Roman Empire that having as solid basis of its universalistic ideology Right of every Roman citizen (lying on the observance of religious and civil obligations), and the so-called pax romana , a theoretical ground on which D. Alighieri would create a communitas a secular led by Reason commonwealth, which might have replaced the so-called humanitas (in Augustinian understanding of such idea); and, on the other hand, I. Kant tried to explain how human self-improvement under the right use of Reason (that we understand like ethical ruling principle of humankind) can be achieved to lead human beings from the state of nature (a semi-brutal one) to the state of reason, which would have as final end a perpetual peace in a universal republic. On those bases we shall try to detect common theoretical and ideal features between D. Alighieri and I. Kant’s vision, so to prove that universalistic power is not a despotic power, but a unifying power under ethical and spiritual principles of the whole humankind.

More...

Download

To the Origins of Discourse, or on the Birth of Society and Law

Author(s): Boris Shalyutin / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

I consider the beginning of society to be the integration of hostile Homo Sapiens communities into dual-group alliances, which ensured superiority over Neanderthals, made possible by the formation of legal discourse between the parties of a dual alliance who remained aliens to each other, which provided peace and stimulated a leap in linguistic and cognitive development, including the formation of the coercive power of logic.

More...

5.00 €

Preview

Синдромът на барон Мюнхаузен – клиничен случай на симулация или симптом на личностово разстройство, предизвикателство за съдебно-психологичната експертиза

Author(s): Silvia Kruvshkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The article presents the main aspects and challenges for the preparation of forensic psychological expert assessment of persons diagnosed with Bipolar Affective Disorder. Bipolar affective disorder is a recurrent chronic disorder that is characterized by fluctuations in mood and energy. It affects more than 1% of the world's population, regardless of nationality, ethnic origin or socio-economic status. This specific disorder is one of the main causes of impairment in the bio-psycho-social functioning of persons suffering from this diagnosis and their relatives. Differentiation of this disorder is difficult in clinical practice, as the onset is most often a depressive episode and there are sufficient clinical markers of unipolar depression. People with bipolar disorder are often misdiagnosed on initial presentation, most often with major depressive disorder. These patients may receive ineffective treatment, which in some cases actually worsens the outcome, either by causing manic or mixed conditions, or by raising mood. Accurate clinical evaluation by clinical and forensic specialists - psychiatrists and psychologists - must be exact in order to be able to distinguish bipolar disorder from other depressive states in order to prepare a forensic psychological examination.

More...

Download

Archiwum Derridy – „archiwum” Derridy. Połączenia i konflikty

Author(s): Łukasz Żurek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (19)/2022

At the starting point of Łukasz Żurek’s article is the insight that so far the reception of Jacques Derrida’s Archive Fever – the work inaugurating the socalled archival turn in the humanities – has not raised the problem of the relationship between Derrida’s private archive and the idea of “archive” as he presents it in this book. Żurek’s goal is to show that Archive Fever can be treated as a quasior crypto-autographical statement. Inspired by the paradigm of Carl Ginzburg’s tropes, Żurek examines facts from Derrida’s life as described in his biography by Benoît Peeters. He also analyses scenes in two documentaries about Derrida in which the author of Of Grammatology shows the film crew around his apartment and statements from interviews in which Derrida shares his ideas on the collection of archival materials. In the concluding section of the article, by referring to the letter sent by Derrida to the president of the University of California, Żurek reflects on the unexpected conflict between Derrida’s critique of the “archontic” management of archives, developed in Archive Fever, and his practice.

More...

Download

The Body-Organism Difference as a Bridge between Particular Sciences and Philosophy in Understanding Human Person

Author(s): Zbigniew Pańpuch / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The article copes with a plurality of sciences in general and focuses in the human-related sciences, which present different cognitive results. There is difficult to co-ordinate them because of the difference in methods, aims and formal objects of sciences, whereas the material object of various sciences - the real man exists as the only subject, with a definite and clearly determined substance. In a consequence, they produce different concepts of man. Is it possible to co-ordinate or to reconcile these various information about human being, especially these from particular sciences with the philosophical anthropology?A general understanding of the biological organism is of this kind that it is an object of science, but the notion of organism has been present in philosophy quite a long time—from the ancient times. Thus, an outline of the problem appears, namely the distinction between the organism, as an object of possible experience (fundamentally internal, but also external) and the body in the metaphysical sense, as an sub-ontic element of the human being. From the metaphysical point of view it seems (and that is my proposition or may be only a point mentioned anywhere by some authors, which I would like especially stress), that this whole—consisting of its organic parts, all unified in systemic reciprocal dependencies and various relations—is only accidental to human substance. This human substance—is a person. This specific “set of accidentals” constituting the human organism is subordinated (subjected) to the substance and exists in it and by it.Such an understanding of the organism and more precisely described distinction between it and the body can determine the field of interest of philosophy and other sciences, and simultaneously create a bridge between them. Human organism could be a good object of various research in the field of particular sciences. But the scientists should not forget about metaphysic and existential background of the human organism. From the other hand, the philosophers looking for the necessary causes of the human being have to take in consideration this necessary and specific set of accidentals (a human organism) and the particular knowledge of it provided by the scientists.

More...

Download

Antropologia adhortacji Familiaris consortio

Author(s): Jarosław Merecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The author starts from the statement, that contrary to the ancient and medieval thought, the modern thought considered conflict as the original and natural state of human coexistence (Hobbes, Marx, Sartre). In the biblical anthropology, which constitutes a point of reference for John Paul II in his exhortation Familiaris Consortio, the original truth of man is not expressed in the model of conflict, but on the contrary, conflict arises as a result of the betrayal of the original truth, which is the unity of man and woman. In the biblical vision of human relationships, therefore, the starting situation, the experience in which the primordial truth of man is expressed, is not a relationship of conflict, but a man-woman relationship in which two persons affirm their humanity not by submitting the other to their own will, but by the gift of themselves that they make to one another. In the anthropology of the exhortation Familiaris Consortio, marriage and family are the privileged place where human beings experience belonging and gift.

More...

Download

The Laws of Manu and Nietzsche’s “Attainable Perfection”

Author(s): Bradley Kaye / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Nietzsche's views on the Laws of Manu are widely considered some of his most controversial. Even among those who express a supportive view of Nietzschean philosophy tend to shy away or outright ignore his apparent praise for the laws responsible for the caste system in India. It is strange enough that Nietzsche would ever comment on the caste system and weirder still is that these comments on the Laws of Manu seem to be one of the only overt examples of Nietzsche’s political philosophy. It might be akin to contemporary readers of Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit suddenly getting goosebumps and chills of terror as they discover the conclusive section of ‘Observing Reason’ where Hegel devotes time and effort to discussing the defunct science of phrenology.

More...

Download

Trans-krypcje. Subwersywna gra z transmemuarem Paula B. Preciady, Susan Faludi i Maggie Nelson

Author(s): Izabella Adamczewska-Baranowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

This article takes a closer look at a new strategy of real-life adventure writing: autotheory, a mode of critical artistic practice that follows autofiction and autoreportage. Autotheory, defined as a fusion of autobiography and scientific literature or a philosophical treatise, can take the form of a memoir with footnotes. The examples of „Testo Junkie” by Paul Preciado, „Argonauts” by Maggie Nelson and „In the Darkroom” by Susan Faludi, discussed in this article, show that autotheories have subversive possibilities (in this case, autotheory subverses trans memoir as a genre). The author makes reference to the theory of the autobiographical triangle, proposed by Małgorzata Czermińska, to argue that autotheories function as the challenge.

More...