OKOVI DEMOKRACIJE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Irena Musa / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2015

This article gives a short overview of democracy from its beginnings till the 20th century, when it became accepted as the most desirable social invention. Some theoretical contributions to the development of democracy are stated, especially the reformatory ideas of John Stuart Mill about society, state and its organization. Mill argues that democracy is the most suitable form of government because it can ensure equal life opportunities for all, order and progress. The paper also focuses on the issue of crisis of democracy and its paradoxes in mature democracies of the capitalist West and also on the beginnings of democracy in the socialist East. A special emphasis is put on establishment and development of democracy in a multinational state such as Bosnia and Herzegovina. In BiH the democratic experience is relatively short and is often frustrating, because the state is still unstable and burdened with many problems from closer and further history which slow down the democratic process and a functional establishment of democratic order. Importance and inextricable connection of political culture, democratic education, and civil society with democracy is also emphasized. It is also noted that these phenomena are undeveloped, neglected or marginalized in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Epistemic Value of Public deliberation in a Democratic Decision-мaking Process

Author(s): Ivan Cerovac / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

This paper discusses the epistemic value of public deliberation in a democratic decision-making process. I first discuss David Estlund’s standard account of epistemic democracy – in order to be legitimate, a decision must be a result of both fair and epistemically reliable procedure, i.e., of procedure that in most cases leads us to (procedure-independent) correct outcomes. This approach is characterized by the idea that democratic deliberation only has instrumental epistemic value, i.e., serves as a good means to achieve desired ends – a high correctness probability of the outcomes. I defend this approach from three objections put forward by Fabienne Peter, who claims that Estlund’s position is not a practicable conception of democratic legitimacy, that it makes unnecessary demands and that it is normatively misleading. Finally, I argue against pure epistemic proceduralism, an alternative approach that tends to reject consequentialist epistemology in favor of proceduralist epistemology. By doing so, it has lost a way to evaluate the epistemic value of (deliberative) democratic procedures, and is thus vulnerable to the problem of various (reasonable) people holding different epistemic practices and disagreeing on which practice should be the one that is epistemically valuable and that produces legitimate decisions.

Polityka głosu

Author(s): Mladen Dolar / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

For Dolar, voice represents the primordial or animal aspect of the human being, zōē, or naked life. Speech, meanwhile, is understood as voice endowed with meaning. Considering the problem of voice, Dolar argues that zōē rubs against bios, i.e. political and social life. Zōē manifests itself in many areas of life; the primordial voice appears in contexts such as justice, education or religion. It also represents an integral attribute of rulers and dictators, who use their voice to create laws, or who enforce those laws into life. Voice is indispensable for logos and the written word. Therefore it is inexorably linked with social life; it exists between naked life and social life, between sound and speech.

Sceptyczne tropy Wittgensteina i transcendentalizm

Author(s): Witold Marzęda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 36/2016

The article concerns the rule-following paradox, which, according to Saul Kripke, was formulated in “Philosophical Investigations” (PI) by Ludwig Wittgenstein. The article indicates that an interesting starting point for the discussion of the paradox may be the concept of structure from Principia Mathematica and used in the Tractatus. It makes it possible to show how extracting a set of rules and a set of actions designated by them (which together form structure) can lead to paradoxical consequences and difficulties, as well as to identify three sceptical clues based on famous paragraph 201 of the PI. These are: (1) An action can be coordinated with a rule only for a finite number of steps. (2) A specific rule can be coordinated with any action. (3) A specific action can be coordinated with any rule. In order to analyse the first of them, the author evokes Wang’s finitism paradox. The second and third clue refer to the semantic difficulties identified by Saul Kripke in his famous book Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language and to the problem of recognition of the sign, which Kripke does not mention and which makes the scepticism of the clues more radical. Wittgenstein’s paradox was already implicitly present in the transcendental philosophy of Immanuel Kant, as well as in the later discussions on the foundations of logic and mathematics — in the works of Ernst Schröder and David Hilbert, who pointed out the necessity of the principle of recognition of the sign as a kind of protection against doubt. Although transcendental philosophy, from its Kantian origins, was to be an alternative to both skepticism and dogmatism, transcendentalism is not the only possibility to escape the paradoxical sceptical consequences that Wittgenstein presented. Another solution may be to reject the distinction between rules and actions.

Von Marburg nach Pittsburgh-2: Anschauung in der Struktur der Erfahrung

Author(s): Maja Soboleva / Language(s): German Issue: 35/2016

The paper focuses on the problem of constitution of our cognitive experience. Two approaches to this problem proposed by Ernst Cassirer and John McDowell are central for the analysis. Both authors use Immanuel Kant’s theory of cognition as a foundation for their own conceptions und they develop their independent interpretations of it according to the traditions they belong to. Although McDowell’s interpretation emerged within analytical philosophy, we can see similarity with Cassirer’s theory. Comparative studies of these theories will point out the convergences and divergences between them.

Dekart u zemlji čuda

Author(s): Branka Arsić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 0/1994

If he lived in a state constituted according to Descartes' principles; in a state established by Cartesisus himself, illuminated by natural light; or at least in a state established by a ruler enlightened by Cartesisus' reasonable, clear and distinct, completely certain insights, that is, by the distinct truths about the best state of them all; the "subject" of this state would, in fact, live - more precisely, he would have to conduct himself in his "worldly action" (of course, i f he wants to be "good" subject of that state) - exclusively according to Descartes' "provisional moral code" (which is concurrently, as we shall try to suggest, his theory of state and law).

Czy każda kultura zasługuje na obronę? Kilka wątpliwości dotyczących cultural defence i prawa karnego w dobie multikulturalizmu

Author(s): Michał Dudek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2011

The aim of the article is to indicate some of the axiological problems faced by the legislator in the law-making process. They are clearly visible in those legal regulations that are introduced in response to crisis situations. The presented example – terrorist attack by hijacking a plane – is not only used to demonstrate dilemmas which in this situation must be settled by the legislator preparing relevant legal provisions, but it is also a pretext for enriching the discussion on the axiological aspect of the law. The article focuses on the so-called natural helplessness of law in axiological matters, law inflation and the problem of responsibility. The author concludes that issues indicated in the article cannot be solved in the light of current Constitutional Court’s judgements, which are treated as a reference point of the discussed issues. The aim of the article is to indicate some of the axiological problems faced by the legislator in the law-making process. They are clearly visible in those legal regulations that are introduced in response to crisis situations. The presented example – terrorist attack by hijacking a plane – is not only used to demonstrate dilemmas which in this situation must be settled by the legislator preparing relevant legal provisions, but it is also a pretext for enriching the discussion on the axiological aspect of the law. The article focuses on the so-called natural helplessness of law in axiological matters, law inflation and the problem of responsibility. The author concludes that issues indicated in the article cannot be solved in the light of current Constitutional Court’s judgements, which are treated as a reference point of the discussed issues.

Политическата антропология на Николай Бердяев

Author(s): Stoyanka Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

The article analyzes the contribution of Nikolai Berdyaev to the disclose human dimension of politics. Special attention is given to the justification of the antinomy between the individual and society, as well as the analysis of the fundamental contradictions that characterize the historical existence of man. Originality of political and philosophical ideas of Berdyaev is derived from its particular attention to the human content of social phenomena to their religious and moral evaluation.

Владимир Соловьов – човешката социалност, пречупена през призмата на нравствеността (национализъм, престъпност, икономика, война и право)

Author(s): Dobromir Dobrev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The paper discusses Vladimir Solovyov’s views of objective ethics and the need for its implementation in our lives. It also monitors the impact he had on the next Russian thinkers and in particular on Nikolai Berdyaev.

Modern European Separatism: the Role of the European Union and Wealth

Author(s): Veselin Vasilev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The article is aimed at the change of the separatist discourse from ethnic self-determination to secession based on public spending and wealth redistribution. Further, it aims to explain the role of the European Union, its legislation and politics, in these processes amongst its Member States. Besides establishing that such role is both increasing and diminishing separatist tendencies due to the Single Market, legislation on regions or siding with Member States against secession, the article argues that the paradigm may change yet again to the notions of human rights, citizenship and immigration, due to the stall of economic secessionist aspirations.

Truth in Legal Norms

Author(s): Boyan Bahanov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

The text examines the status of the truth in the legal norms, trying to answer the questions of whether they can be a subject to a truth assessment and, if such assessment is possible, how a truth value can be attributed to legal norms. To achieve this goal, first of all, the text discusses some basic linguistic conceptions concerning the nature and truth of legal norms and subsequently, a complex approach is being proposed for attributing truth-value to legal norms. On the one hand, the latter’s being studied by the methods of deontic logic and theory of possible worlds, and on the other hand, their relation to truth is being explained by semantic anti-realism.

On striking Similarities between Chapters XIV – XIX of Machiavelli’s The Prince and the Fifth Book of Aristotle’s Politics

Author(s): Aleksandr Mishurin / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In the article, I try to refute an old and widespread superstition according to which the new political philosophy created by Niccolo Machiavelli breaks with classical political philosophy by taking a novel position toward the political; that is, that classics were idle “idealists” while Machiavelli is a coldblooded “realist”. To do that, I compare the most explicit part of The Prince (chapters XIV-XIX) with the end of the fifth book of Aristotle’s Politics and attempt to show that in the most pivotal chapters of his most famous work, the Florentine, in fact, often borrows Aristotle’s advice on how to preserve a tyrannical rule.

Нравствеността като изграждащ и променящ правото фактор

Author(s): Georgi Mihaylov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

This article studies the specific designation of morals under the conditions of a modern society. Due to the circumstances that morals are able to overcome differences between the social regulatory systems and to unite the perceptions of a regulatory framework, they have become a major contemporary metalegal regulator. Being a significant social regulator, morals also play a mediation role between law and other social regulatory systems. In this role of theirs, they make a substantial factor having an influence on building and changing legal prescriptions. Morals are also studied as a variable in the conditions of a dynamically developing society and changing conditions of living. Some models of behaviours, which were considered to be against moral only several decades ago, are nowadays regarded as completely normal.

THE CONCEPT OF JUSTICE IN REFERENCE WITH PHILOSOPHIES OF PLATO AND ARISTOTLE: A CRITICAL STUDY

Author(s): Sooraj Kumar Maurya / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The concept of justice has been a constant issue since its conception. The Greeks also attempted to define justice. They have observed justice as goodness in deeds and so a virtue. In the Greek mind, fairness was an attribute of the spirit or soul, while injustice was a sin. Both Plato and Aristotle defined justice as kindness as well as a desire to follow the law. It alluded to the connection between rights and duties. In human interactions, justice was the pinnacle of excellence and the attitude that animates folks in the right fulfillment of their responsibilities. The development of harmony and peace in thinking and conduct was pre-eminently social. In the same way, Aristotle's and Plato's fairness are complementary; both philosophers seek to discover a concept of ability by which unity, harmony, virtue, and pleasure may be produced in a community. Despite this shared agreement, they are fundamentally different in many ways. In this paper, an attempt has been made by the author to discuss the similarities and dissimilarities in theories of justice propounded by Plato and Aristotle.

PERFORMATIVITY AND SELF-EXPLOITATION: BODY SIGNIFICANCE IN LATE CAPITALIST ERA

Author(s): Inna Yuliia Meliakova,Inna Igorivna Kovalenko,Eduard Anatoliyovych Kalnytskyi,Hanna Kovalenko / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The paper represents a philosophical study of the social, political, legal, labour, cultural and anthropological status of a human in the contemporary environment of information technologies development, economic neoliberalism, limited employment, post-democracy, transhumanism, visual culture and pandemic. It attends to the performative practices of social activities, political will and human rights protection, which demonstrate the optimal opportunity of self-preservation and self-identity in the world of biopolitics and cognitive capitalism. The growth of the precariat is regarded as a catalyst of the opposite motion vectors: power activities and political subjects’ activities. The performative actionism is viewed as a relevant strategy of human self-realisation in arts, politics, legal, commercial and business activities, as well as a kind of compensation for the human online existence in these areas. For a late capitalism autonomous individual, his or her corporeal and mental self-exploitation is considered as an effective integrative tactics.

Gandhi’s Concept of Sarvodaya for Peace and Sustainability in a Technologically Challenged World

Author(s): Pankojini Mulia,Jakub Bartoszewski,Jyoti Kumari,Ajit Kumar Behura,Peter Jusko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Mahatma Gandhi was a visionary, a supreme leader, a social activist, a philosopher, and a great freedom fighter. He was the pioneer of truth, love, peace, and non-violence (ahimsa) as the means for a peaceful world. This paper deals with the theoretical and practical relevance of Indian ethics concerning the Gandhian concept of Sarvodaya, used to achieve sustainability, social, economic and environmental uplift. The paper critically evaluates the western model of sustainability, and highlights various theoretical aspects of Indian ethics. Specifically, it focuses on the Gandhian sustainability model in Sarvodaya, and attempts to balance the two theories for the practical purpose of sustainability and the need for the present situation.

ZNAČAJ IDEJE PRAVEDNOSTI U ZASNIVANJU EVROPSKOG IDENTITETA

Author(s): Šejla Avdić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 10/2023

In this paper, the goal we strive for is reflected in arriving at what the idea of justice in itself represents, establishing its significance for life experienced in the material world, and ultimately recognizing the importance of justice in the form of European identity. In this sense, it is necessary to get closer to the nature of the soul, its role in cognition and arriving at the answer we strive for when we ask the question: What is justice?, but also the question of the body, which inevitably participates in what we can observe according to human nature. This direction illuminates the significance and power of education in discovering and bringing closer what carries justice as a virtue and moving away from the darkness and fog that threatens to weaken, if we look at it from today's perspective, identity. Following, among other things, the Platonic thread in defining upbringing and education, the importance of justice in the 21st century and the way in which justice contributes or serves as a weapon in the construction of a European or transnational identity are presented.

Смъртно наказание и суверенност. Опит за деконструиране на онто-теологията

Author(s): Jacques Derrida / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2002

UNIVERSAL HISTORY VIEWED THROUGH METAPHORICAL LENSES

Author(s): Nicolae Iuga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2023

When reaching the limits of rationality regarding explanation, Plato told myths. Instead, Hegel, when he wanted to make himself easier to understand, resorted to metaphorical expressions. The vast and grandiose spectacle of universal History can be more properly expressed by a metaphor than by abstract concepts or uncomprehending, arbitrary and chaotic erudition. Here we briefly present some metaphors related to the object: Heraclitus' River, the metaphor of the death and rebirth of vegetation in ancient myths, the metaphor of the Sea in Hegel or the metaphors of Henri Bergson and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin.

O anatomii radości – w archiwum

Author(s): Francesca Fornari / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

Joy as a destabilizing, unpredictable, and ephemeral emotion, laden with ethical dimensions, can also manifest itself as a consequence of intellectual engagement (Misrahi, Lénoir). Pleasure, joy, happiness are recurrent themes in the literature of scholars delving into the intricate realm of “recalcitrant” manuscripts. Drawing upon examples from Agamben, Corti, Farge, Grésillon, and Zweig, this article delineates a phenomenology of joy within archival contexts. From the anticipation of receiving the “living material” of a manuscript to the “slow and unprofitable” process of transcribing the “intimate signs” of writing, and through the act of reading where “passion and reason” intertwine, the experience of joy can astonish those who immerse themselves in the traces of others’ words, within the perpetually unfolding vistas of archival papers, like a universe in miniature.