CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

A logit analysis of development and democracy. The Romania's case

Author(s): Mihai Mutascu ,Anne-Marie Fleischer / Language(s): English Issue: Spec/2011

The paper analyzes empirically, in Romania’s case, the relationship between economic development (dependent variable) and its political factors (independent variables). The analysis is based on the construction of a linear “Logit Model” and the data set is covering the period 1926- 2007. The main results show that, in Romania’s case, which the economy has an expansive and competitive market, the economic development, can be accompanied, by high levels of democratization, with high political stability, on a republican base, but this is not a rule.

More...

Strategické dokumenty České republiky a akvizice rezortu obrany

Author(s): Antonín Novotný / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2016

This article aims to reflect a digression into the history of selected strategic documents, which processed the Ministry of Defence or was in the processing involved - in connection to the planning of acquisitions. The ambition of the article is not a comprehensive evaluation process, but only the selected aspects. After many years of decreasing Czech defence budget, is the opposite situation here. In connection with the new situation it is necessary to rethink the current approach to this topic; to ensure maximal security of the Czech Republic and in a figurative sense NATO and the European Union also. The fact, that the Czech strategy document was among the best in the EU, does not mean that defence spending is automatically efficient.

More...

Ušetřit, nebo zachovat fungování AČR?

Author(s): Tomáš Kučera / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2016

The fundamental regulation of governmental invests is Czech Act on Public Contracts. Its main objective is a financial saving in the procurement of goods and services by the state. In some specific cases, this objective may come into a conflict with other interests protected by a law. Several verdicts recently delivered by courts in criminal cases relating to a procurement of medical supplies bring a new and interesting insight into this issue. Some conflicts with social interest were identified on basis of these verdicts. These interests are the maintaining of the Czech Republic Armed Forces combat capability and its function in peace-time, fulfilment of international obligations of the Czech Republic and the requirement for the strict adherence to military orders. Some cases, in which different interests outweigh the interest protected by the Act on Public Contracts, were found.

More...

Dokumenty strategického řízení obrany

Author(s): Miroslav Havelka,Josef Procházka / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2016

Effective strategic management is determined by several factors. Firstly, it is influenced by knowledge, experience and skills of all stakeholders responsible for preparation of strategic decisions and decision taking. Secondary and no less importantly, it depends on the quality of internal business processes dealing with all aspects of defence policy formulation and execution. Outputs from strategic management are strategic, conceptual, planning and evaluating documents. This article offers hierarchy¨of strategic documents defines their purpose and content and outlines responsibilities for their elaboration. Recommendations reflect assessment of current legal and procedural framework, strategic management theory and best practise. Ambition is to propos for consideration one of many possible solutions in order to reinforce strategic defence management.

More...

Accounting treatment of assets amortization taken by means of financial leasing regime

Author(s): Mihaela Tulvinschi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

In conditions of fast technical progress, the financial leasing has become a necessary element so as to finance the investments, and towards a real economic growth. The financial leasing has generated within the lessee accountancy both exploitation expenses as regards the amortization afferent to the assets, as well as the financial expenses. The main objective of this paper consists in emphasizing the issues the amortization of the asset taken by financial leasing, in accordance to the international standards, specific to the leasing, tangible assets and depreciation of assets. An especial attention should be dedicated to the result, where changing the useful lifetime of the assets on financial leasing regime has effects over the truthful reflection of financial position and performances of a lessee. One might also outline that the time of asset utilization represents a factor, which has influenced the decision of refinancing by leasing.

More...

Regional aspects of Bourgas-Alexandroupolis petrol pipeline

Author(s): Konstantin Kalinkov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

The following scientific research discusses issues, connected to the construction of the Bourgas-Alexandroupolis petrol pipeline, from the point of view of the energy policy of the European Union (EU). The established relations between the EU and Russia lead to a demand for alternative opportunities for the construction of such infrastructure. The Bourgas-Alexandroupolis pipeline is the only infrastructural facility in this region that passes only through the territory of countries that are all members of the EU (Bulgaria and Greece). This is a circumstance that definitely makes petrol deliveries more secure. On the other hand the accomplishment of the project needs many regional ecological problems to have been solved beforehand. That’s why the research’s author suggests that such major investment projects of international significance are to be approved in advance by the countries from the Black sea area. Such a preliminary decision would be a guarantee for preserving the sustainable development of the Black sea.

More...

Discounting in intergenerational project appraisal – efficient versus just decision making

Author(s): Monika Foltyn-Zarychta / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

The problem of long term public investment appraisal, especially those affecting future generations is a complex issue consisting of the questions of the valuation of inputs and outputs, uncertainty and the problem of dealing with effects emerging in different moments of time. The last problem is usually solved by using discounting procedure. The paper aims at analyzing the definition of the discount rate in project appraisal procedure in the light of effectiveness and justice of intergenerational investment decision making. The analysis includes answering the question of the rationale for discounting in short perspective in certain appraisal procedures concerning efficient and just decision criteria. Then, selected ethical approaches to future generations rights are presented as the basis for establishing the connection between the discount rate and intergenerational justice. Finally, various levels of discount rate are analyzed assuming different rights assignment to present and future generations.

More...

Energy safety of central-east European countries versus „gas main politics” of the Russian Federation

Author(s): Witold Ostant / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2012

This article aims to describe the EU’s dependence on import and also to a growing danger of impediments in supplies and lack of guarantee of stable prices. In time dependence on import of energy resources and its risks may lead to a disturbance in a stable economic development of the EU countries. At the same time the EU countries are more and more dependent on the import of oil and natural gas. The EU countries are practically at a loss in the face of Russian gas politics, they do not even try to create a solid block, which could change the stance of Russia with the use of diplomatic and economic means. Perhaps in this case a hypothesis could be proposed that the reasons for the crisis are political, not commercial. Germany and France from time to time demonstrate in public their very good relations with the Russian Federation.

More...

Energetics. Available Materials

Author(s): Sylwester Zdanowski / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2012

Little more optimistic predictions state that prices will rise. How fast depends from resource supplies. To slow it down we have to forget about using X% of sun energy in 50 years. Solutions decreasing oil usage in power plants and transport wont eliminate it complicity but will allow to buy time necessary to replace oil in other branches of economy. Otherwise agrarian revolution which made T. Malthus predictions ridiculous will have to bow before his vision. Today we have chance to see this problem before global peak oil thanks to speculative bobble, which lead many to bankruptcy. Future depends on biggest countries policy and research in public domain. Especially those with every day knowledge can influence our future. For one by voting for best representatives that will improve politic. Next by supporting public domain in search for solutions. Finally and most importantly by every day actions. Decisions that create energy usage like turning on computer or choosing private car instead of public transport. But many every day things requires a lot of knowledge to notice. This fact alone brings issue of energy like many others back to education process.

More...

THE CHANGING EUROPEAN GAS MARKET AND THE EXPORT STRATEGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Author(s): Wojciech Jędrzejewski / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2013

Russian authorities have for years been proclaiming that in order to ensure energysecurity and to increase their economic presence in North-East Asia their priority is to diversifygas export and to increase cooperation with the Asia-Pacifi c region. Despite frequentmeetings at interstate and business levels, and numerous formal – but no binding – agreements,no tangible progress in this regard has yet been made. Th is paper argues, from a game-theoreticperspective, that peril for Russian geopolitical and economic interests ensuing from both inceptionof EU energy policy and evolution of the European gas market has been one of the factorshindering Russian plans of eastbound gas export diversifi cation.

More...

CURRENT INTERNATIONAL SITUATION IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA THE PATH TO CONFRONTATION?

Author(s): Karol Kościelniak / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2013

In recent years, the South China Sea area has become the arena of competition between the countries of Southeast Asia that set up claims to maritime areas and the islands, and, all the more, want to control and exploit what can be found under the seabed, namely the deposits of oil and gas. Th e situation in the area cannot even be resolved by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Montego Bay, 1982). Apart from the resources found in the sea and under the seabed, this body of water is an important shipping route, which makes it a strategically signifi cant area for each of the countries located there, or those whose interests involve the South China Sea. In this work, I describe the current situation in the waters of South China Sea: whether the countries bordering it strive for confl ict or just secure their interests. It turns out each of the states will set up demands to the islands on this sea and especially to everything that lives in the sea and is to be found under the seabed. Minor, and also more signifi cant incidents will happen, but it does not seem likely that any serious open conflict between the states of the region will break out in the close future. None of the countries pursues it and they do everything they can to maintain the status quo.

More...

Free-Riding Problem in Alliance

Author(s): Jakub Odehnal / Language(s): English Issue: MC/2016

Long-term cuts in military expenditures of European allied countries caused growing differences within the Alliance which can be seen in uneven sharing of military burden and in behaviour called free-riding. The aim of this contribution is to define possible approaches to the freeriding identification and to analyse military expenditure development in relation to conclusions and recommendations declared at the NATO Summit in 2014. The results of military expenditure analysis identify only a small group of countries which, from a long-term point of view, follow the recommendations of the Alliance in the form of allocating a corresponding amount as percentage of GDP and in the form of a recommended structure of military expenditures.

More...

Analytical Support to Norwegian Long-Term Defence Planning

Author(s): Sigurd Glærum,Alf Christian Hennum / Language(s): English Issue: MC/2016

A major challenge in defence planning is to establish a clear audit trail between security challenges, political ambitions and the recommended force structure. This paper describes a capability- and scenario-based methodology combined with a software toolset called JDARTS that gives long term defence planners a systematic approach to create links from high level security challenges to force structure recommendations. The security challenges are represented by mission types exemplified by scenarios which give concrete requirements. These requirements are represented by capabilities which are matched against the capabilities of force structure elements. The matching is a selection process where the outcome is the cheapest set of the force structure elements that fulfil the requirements. The JDARTS-software supports this method. Even though the future is uncertain, the defence planner’s job is to help decision makers prioritize between economic constraints, national preparedness and international commitment.

More...

Znaczenie kolejnych lokalizacji przystani promów na wyspie Hongkong na tle przemian społecznych i kształtowania się lokalnej tożsamości

Author(s): Małgorzata Osińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 46/2017

The aim of this paper is to understand the meaning of the Star Ferry and Queen’s Pier locations for the process of shaping Hong Kong identity and why unlike in previous similar cases, the latest removal of the Star Ferry and Queen’s Pier met with resistance from Hong Kong citizens. Looking at Piers of the saga from the historical perspective, it is found that spatial practice of the pre‑Second World War (WWII) piers was a mirror of a colonial and racially segregated city. The public space in the commercial heart of Hong Kong that housed the previous generations of piers was not accessible to the Chinese community, thus denying them rights to the city. It was only after WWII when the Government carried out further reclamation to meet the needs of an industrialising economy that inclusive public spaces were conceived in the commercial heart, enabling the general public to enjoy the city. Therefore when the Government decided to remove this very first public space in the political and economic heart of the city to conceive further reclamation for restructuring the economy, the citizens were determined to defend it. Piers were a physical and mental border of the two worlds, the edge of the city. With the social changes after WWII they were transformed into symbolic centres with a crucial meaning for shaping of the Hong Kong identity.

More...

Kompleksowe podejście Unii Europejskiej do konfliktów zewnętrznych i sytuacji kryzysowych. Analiza instytucjonalno-prawna

Author(s): Zbigniew D. Czachór / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

In the pursuit of the objectives of the external action of the European Union the Lisbon Treaty calls for consistency between the different areas of EU external action and between these and its other policies. Following the entry into force of the Treaty and the new institutional context it created, the EU has both the increased potential and the ambition – by drawing on the full range of its instruments and resources – to make its external action more consistent, more effective and more strategic. The ideas and principles governing the comprehensive approach have yet to become, systematically, the guiding principles for EU external action across all areas, in particular in relation to conflict prevention and crisis resolution. The European institutions sets out a number of concrete steps that the EU, collectively, is taking towards an increasingly comprehensive approach in its external relations policies and action. This covers all stages of the cycle of conflict or other external crises; through early warning and preparedness, conflict prevention, crisis response and management to early recovery, stabilisation and peace-building in order to help countries getting back on track towards sustainable long-term development.

More...

Funkcje samorządu terytorialnego

Author(s): Stanisław Wójcik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The article shows the importance of the functions of the local government and the problems it encounters. Local government’s objectives, relations and roles are at present determined by current, complicated economic, social, legal and political situation of the state and, consequently of local governments what leads to numerous malfunctions.

More...

Strategie wyborcze Ryszarda Grobelnego i Jacka Jaśkowiaka w ponownym głosowaniu w świetle badań exit poll

Author(s): Szymon Ossowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

This paper aims to analyze election strategies of two candidates for the office of President of Poznań, who competed in the second round of local elections in 2014.The author tries to answer the following questions: (1) between the first and second round, could Ryszard Grobelny have turned the tide of events and ultimately won the election? and (2) what mistakes did he commit in the last period of the campaign to have so clearly lost to Jacek Jaśkowiak? While answering these questions, we formulated two hypotheses. The first one is that it is impossible to clearly determine whether Ryszard Grobelny had a chance to win after such a low score in the first ballot, although there are indications that the key to victory was not so much the complaints of Ryszard Grobelny, but the decisions of other candidates, who did not qualify for the second round. The second hypothesis leads to the conclusion that the biggest mistake at the end of the campaign was the then incumbent President’s turn in the direction of the PiS party electorate and Tadeusz Dziuba. Verifcation of these hypotheses, in particular the second one, was based on the analysis of exit polls, carried out on the evening of the day of the second round of elections for the president of Poznan by the Gemini agency, commissioned by Wielkopolska Cable Television.

More...

Odwrót od wolnego handlu na przykładzie Partnerstwa Transpacyficznego

Author(s): Adam Gwiazda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

In the recent times some rightist’s political parties which have come to power in a number of Western states, seem to favour political arguments over the free trade advantages. The case of Trans-Pacific Partnership is the most illustrative as that regional free-trade agreement was aimed at “rebalancing” the economic cooperation within the Pacific region. It also was to create a trade bloc acting as a bulwark against China’s hegemony in that region. The United States has promoted the seven years negotiation process which brought about in 2015 the creation of TPP. However that trade agreement was not ratified by the parliaments of the member countries till the beginning of 2017, and in February president Donald Trump withdrew the United States from the TPP. This created a room for the China’s backed different proposition called the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and highly weakened trust in the USA among its Asian allies.

More...

Wyniki wojny sankcyjnej przeciwko Rosji

Author(s): Leonid Worobjow / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2016

In the paper we have analyzed the negative effects of sanctions against Russia and embargo of the Russian Federation on the import of goods, on the European countries imposing these sanctions, especially for Poland.

More...

Realizacja polityki w zakresie wspierania innowacyjności małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce na przykładzie województwa małopolskiego

Author(s): Dagmara K. Zuzek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2016

The current economic policy in Poland in relation to innovation and entrepreneurship is concentrated on integrating and stimulating of innovative entrepreneurship and supporting the innovation of SMEs. Transfer and commercialization of technology is an important policy instrument towards SMEs. It spans specialized forms of innovation stimulating help in the SMEs sector, which make it possible for the enterprises to manage effectively the development of new services, products, technologies, marketing models. The author’s own study was carried out with the participation of 150 entrepreneurs from the Malopolska Province. The collected results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis rank method and rank correlation gamma method.

More...