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Macron, Merkel a České zájmy při reformě EU

Author(s): Jakub Eberle,Jan Kovář / Language(s): Czech

Reformní návrhy Emmanuela Macrona a Angely Merkel přináší řadu příležitostí prosadit české zájmy. Pokud se Praha nebude přehnaně soustředit na sporné otázky, otevírá se jí šance vyjednat řadu výhodných kompromisů. Česká republika by měla podpořit rozvoj společných evropských sil pro stabilizační vojenské operace, dokončení jednotného digitálního trhu a evropské investice do vědy, výzkumů a inovací. Všechny tyto oblasti jsou jednoznačně v jejím zájmu. Do společné azylové politiky by se ČR mohla zapojit podporou rozšíření mandátu Frontexu a zejména pak posílením své politiky rozvojové spolupráce.

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The End of a Long Transition? Macedonia’s Readiness for EU Candidacy

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Mixed record of the EU following the failure of ratification of its first ever drafted constitution, on the one hand, and recent commitment shown to the enlargement, particularly in the cases of Turkey and Croatia, on the eve of 2006, the EU is faced with the big question whether to continue to demonstrate the commitment for the EU enlargement this time to the heart of the western Balkans region, towards Macedonia, success of which enlargement conditions the credibility of the EU’s foreign policy. Wider European and Balkan debate circles on EU enlargement currently have their ears in Brussels awaiting the avis of the Commission, which is to deliver whether Macedonia fulfils the conditions for candidacy and for negotiations for full Membership. The overall process of the European integration of Macedonia successfully started with the filling in the EC Questionnaire. However, as the date for the avis and for decision approaches, the calculations made for the rationale and benefits of enlargement to Macedonia, another western Balkan potential candidate after Croatia poses difficulty to EU officials and its member country representatives.

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Inside Ukraine, № 2014 - 21

Author(s): Vira Nanivska,Iaroslav Kovalchuk,Vasyl Filipchuk,Olena Zakharova,Volodymyr Prytula,Vasyl Povoroznyk,Kateryna Dedelyuk,Angela Bochi,Anatoliy Oktysiuk,Svitlana Sudak / Language(s): English

1. The Government Policy // 1.1. The catastrophe which may prove Russia to be sponsor of terrorism // 1.2. Lviv experiment as a ground for police reform // 2. Economic Situation // 2.1. The IMF mission recommends second tranche to Ukraine // 2.2. State budget will face another cut // 2.3. The IMF mission and structural changes in the energy sector of Ukraine // 3. Political Competition // 3.1. The merger of positions in Kyiv has not brought reforms // 3.2. Crimes of individuals cannot be a reason to ban parties

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Inside Ukraine, № 2014 - 22

Author(s): Vira Nanivska,Iaroslav Kovalchuk,Vasyl Filipchuk,Olena Zakharova,Volodymyr Prytula,Vasyl Povoroznyk,Kateryna Dedelyuk,Angela Bochi,Anatoliy Oktysiuk,Svitlana Sudak / Language(s): English

1. The Government Policy // 1.1. Wins and semi-wins of the government // 1.2. Lack of reforms is a major government defeat // 1.3. Flourishing corruption in times of war // 2. Economic Situation // 2.1. Outcomes of the government program implementation: economy // 2.2. Outcomes of government program implementation: energy sector // 3. Political Competition // 3.1. The coalition breakup as a result of agreements // 3.2. First ratings reveal current front-runners of elections // 3.3. The influence of public activists on electoral process

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Unijny plan zwiększenia produkcji amunicji

Author(s): Marcin Andrzej Piotrowski / Language(s): Polish

23 marca przywódcy państw UE zaakceptowali plan zwiększenia dostaw amunicji artyleryjskiej dla Ukrainy i odbudowy rezerw w Europie. Dzięki temu powinno dojść do uwolnienia niewykorzystanych jeszcze rezerw i przekazania ich Ukrainie oraz zwiększenia produkcji w państwach europejskich. Jest to kolejna inicjatywa pomocy wojskowej UE dla Ukrainy finansowana ze środków Europejskiego Instrumentu na rzecz Pokoju (EPF). Jej powodzenie wymagać będzie dalszego zaangażowania państw członkowskich i instytucji UE, tak aby zmienić dotychczasowy tryb pracy producentów amunicji w Europie.

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Socijalna uključenost povratnica u Bosni i Hercegovini - Razvijanje mjera za aktivno trište rada sa fokusom na povratnice

Author(s): Besima Borić / Language(s): Bosnian

Odgovoriti na pitanje koje je mjere aktivne politike zapošljavanja, sa fokusom na žene povratnice, potrebno poduzeti i predložiti, traži i odgovor na nekoliko bitnih i nezaobilaznih pitanja koja zadiru u samu bit života i rada u Bosni i Hercegovini. Događaji iz nedavne prošlosti, politička volja, ustavno uređenje, institucionalna i pravna spremnost, ekonomska razvijenost, perspektive evropskog puta i zakonske usklađenosti sa evropskim standardima, povratak kao takav, položaj žena općenito i specifično u oblasti rada i zapošljavanja, briga o ljudima, koordinacija resornih subjekata po vertikali i horizontali, itd. Sve su ovo pitanja koja utiču na ovu oblast. Ovaj rad nema ambiciju odgovoriti na sve njih niti dati rješenja za niz nezavršenih i nedorečenih, a uvezanih procesa, koji, više ili manje, bitno utiču i na pitanja u fokusu ove analize, ali ima ambiciju snano naglasiti bitnost stanja u svim nabrojanim oblastim, kao kočnice u bržem rješavanju pitanja rada i zapošljavanja povratnika, i svakako, poloaja žena u tom kontekstu. Ipak, da bi odgovorili na pitanje u fokusu, ova analiza će se pozabaviti pitanjem povratka općenito u Bosni i Hercegovini, te položajem povratnika i povratnica, kao i pitanjem (ne)zaposlenosti općenito, sa fokusom na položaj žena, a posebno povratnica, na bosanskohercegovačkom trištu rada.

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Kdy zavést euro: co nejdříve nebo co nejpozději?

Author(s): Petr Pavlík / Language(s): Czech

The paper discusses the optimal timing for the Czech Republic to adopt the euro as its currency, after joining the European Union in 2004. It argues that the country should not rush to join the eurozone, but also should not delay it unnecessarily. It identifies the main obstacle as the high public budget deficits, which require a radical reform of public finances, especially the pension and health care systems. It also stresses the importance of maintaining macroeconomic stability, real convergence, and economic growth in the process of nominal convergence. It concludes that the plan of the Czech National Bank and the Ministry of Finance to introduce the euro in 2009-2010 is reasonable and realistic.

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Japan and the Visegrad 4: the unsensational strategic partners

Author(s): Rudolf Fürst / Language(s): English

The paper points to the convergence between the Visegrad 4 (V4) and Japan that is driven by economic concerns and shared views on global political challenges. The Japanese pro-active European strategy arises from the high relevance of the EU in Japanese economic global policy, and also as a reaction to the increasing Chinese global influence, and the rising US protectionism. The Japanese European policy also reached Central Europe as Japan established a regional cooperation platform with the V4 states. This paper discusses the potential, as well as the real prospects of Japan’s rising interest in the V4 group. Japan is the leading Asian investor in Czechia and Poland. The V4 states ought to benefit from the multi-level structure of the developing ties with Japan. Promoting cooperation with Japan ought to be a theme for the Czech V4 presidency. The V4+Japan format is asymmetrical and there is no clear vision for its institutionalizing, but individual benefits from it for individual V4 states on the bilateral level are available, and the V4 states should take advantage of them. The EU-Japan level stimulating economic effect of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) is obvious, and Europe could gain more from stronger ties with Japan. Such a rapprochement, however, does not divert Japan and the EU from their understanding of China and the building of their ties with this stronger Asian stakeholder.

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Putin’s War, Extended

Author(s): J Scott Younger / Language(s): English

This has been going on for 6 months now and the last period has been almost a stalemate. However, there have been other events taking place elsewhere, particularly in the case of China. They were very angry with the US Speaker of the House, Nancy Pelosi, a senior member of the administration, deigning to visit Taiwan against their wishes. They threw a tantrum and gave a military demonstration of their short-term aim to absorb the island which they consider as a breakaway province, in no way an independent country.

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2022 North Macedonia: Country’s Future is Laid Out

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English

On 8 September 2022, North Macedonia marked the 31st anniversary of declaration of independence. Year 2017 was a milestone in the modern Macedonian history. The regime of Nikola Gruevski (VMRO-DPMNE), who remained in power from 2006 to 2017, collapsed. A new government headed by Prime Minister Zoran Zaev (SDSM) was established. With the signing of the Prespa Agreement Zoran Zaev and Alexis Tsipras defeated the doctrine pursued by Slobodan Milošević and Constantine Mitsotakis, with the assistance of some Macedonian political parties, which did not envisage existence of Macedonia as a state and Macedonians as a people. The full-fledged membership in NATO fulfilled century long dream of Macedonians and other citizens to have their own state whose territorial integrity and sovereignty would be guaranteed by the biggest and strongest politico-military alliance in the world- NATO. This provided for defeat of hegemonic projects that involved or included aspirations with respect to North Macedonia.

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Perceiving corruption: Rethinking accountability, revolution and challenging the status quo in Lebanon

Author(s): Marie-Christine Ghreichi / Language(s): English

Political corruption in Lebanon traces its roots to the re-assembling in the post-civil war era, which entrenched a realm of politics dominated by war lords and militia-like mentalities operating through a sectarian discourse. The waste resulting from “confessional governance” costs Lebanon 9% of GDP each year. 1 In the early 1990s, “Lebanese political bosses either coopted or gutted institutions such as unions, professional associations and opposition parties. Public schools and hospitals were defunded.” Today, many Lebanese do not send their children to public schools or hospitals. Sukleen, the company contracted by the government to collect waste in Beirut and Mount Lebanon charges 4x more per ton of waste disposed in landfills compared to providers in the UK. 2 Nearly 40% of electricity is produced by private generators established during the civil war and partially owned by various politicians today, profiting close to $1 billion a year. Electricite du Liban, the public electricity company collects payments for only half of the power it produces.

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2020 US-Serbia-Kosovo agreement: New era of Serbia-US political and economic relations

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English

In Washington, on 4 September 2020, Serbia and Kosovo signed separate agreements with the United States on “economic normalization”. The agreements have no bearing on the existing dialogue that is underway between official Belgrade and Priština and mediated by the European Union. The Washington agreement is a new political reality not just for Kosovo and Serbia but also for the entire West Balkans region, and even the EU itself. It is a product of long and hard work, which included strong engagement of the US special envoy for the dialogue between official Belgrade and Priština, Ambassador Richard Grenell. The agreement envisages, inter alia, establishment of direct air and rail connections between Belgrade and Priština, construction of the Niš–Priština highway and a number of other economic and energy projects. The signatories to the agreement undertook to suspend for a year the campaign for recognition, that is withdrawal of recognition of Kosovo.

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What will the future look like?

Author(s): Corneliu Pivariu / Language(s): English

A question that arises on each occasion when unexpected challenges confront a community, a country and now an entire planet. The world is in the midst of a deep existential crisis triggered imperceptibly when the bipolar world ceased to exist and the march of globalisation advanced, once that the political class has declined worldwide and it is no longer capable at finding the most appropriate solutions for the future evolution of mankind (at least in what it demonstrated since some time, and notably now).

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2020 Western Balkans: Attempt at repeating history

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English

After an 18 month suspension the dialogue between official Belgrade and Priština was renewed on 16 July 2020. Simultaneously with the renewal of dialogue, which is headed by Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić (SNS) and Kosovo Prime Minister Avdullah Hoti (LDK), begun the renewed engagement of expert teams of the parties to the dialogue, which had already held several meetings. The Kosovo President Hashim Thaçi (PDK) is no longer a part of the dialogue. Namely, he has been indicted before the special court for war crimes committed at Kosovo (KSC-SPO – Kosovo Specialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor's Office).

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Ongoing Reforms for Prosperity and a brighter future for Morocco

Author(s): Azzeddine Farhane / Language(s): English

The celebration of the National Day of the Kingdom of Morocco marks the date of the accession of His Majesty King Mohammed VI on 30 th July 1999 to the throne of the Alaouite Monarchy. It is a celebration anchored in the common history of the people and the Kings of Morocco, and which represents a solemn occasion to renew the links of unwavering loyalty of the Moroccan people to the Alaouite dynasty. Morocco celebrates this year, the 21 years of the reign of his Majesty King Mohamed VI, highlighted by an ongoing process, under His leadership and guidance, of continuous reforms and restructuring of Morocco’s political, economic and social fields, for ensuring the prosperity and welfare of Moroccan citizens.

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Seminar - Ekonomski aspekti sigurnosti (2003)

Author(s): Bisera Turković,Claudio Zappulla,Mirsad Ćeman,Pierpaolo Tempesta,Heinz Vetschera,Vladimir Matek,Izet Žigić,Slavko Žmarić,Jiri Kalasnikov,Richard Temsch,Emina Kečo-Isaković,Almir Džuvo,Huso Hadžidedić,Mladen Staničić,Branislav Milinković,Marcin Święcicki,Moises Venancio,David R. Nicholas,Nedžad Hadžimusić / Language(s): Bosnian

Uvaženi ambasadori, dame i gospodo, Zadovoljstvo mi je što vam mogu poželjeti dobrodošlicu na seminar u Trstu pod nazivom ¨Ekonomski aspekti sigurnosti¨. Posebnu zahvalnost želim uputiti našem domaćinu Generalu Zappulli na čiju je inicijativu ovaj seminar i organizovan. Sa nama su danas predstavnici OSCE-a, predstavnici zakonodavne i izvršne vlasti BiH, kao i uvaženi eksperti iz ekonomske i sigurnosne oblasti. Posebno zadovoljstvo i čast mi je pozdraviti ambasadora Bosne i Hercegovine u Italiji gosp. Lukšu Šoljana. U svom uvodnom obraćanju željela bih objasniti značaj i motiv organizovanja ovog seminara. Prije svega, željela bih naglasiti da je cilj Aneksa 1B Dejtonskog mirovnog sporazuma podsticanje povjerenja i transparentnosti između BiH (entiteta), Republike Hrvatske i Srbije i Crne Gore. Dosadašnje percepcije bile su usmjerene na vojnu prijetnju kao osnovni oblik nesigurnosti. Međutim, u kontekstu novog sigurnosnog ozračja vojna prijetnja se ne bi mogla smatrati osnovnom opasnošću po državu i društvo, već je tu poziciju sada zauzela ekonomska nesigurnost. Smatram da snažna ekonomija, ekonomija koja je u stanju prevazići sve prepreke sa kojima se suočava, u velikoj mjeri utiče na izgradnju mjera povjerenja, kao osnovne svrhe člana II Aneksa 1B Dejtonskog mirovnog sporazuma.

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Swedish Presidency of the Council of the EU

Author(s): Đorđe Dimitrov / Language(s): English

On 1 January 2023, Sweden will assume the presidency of the Council of the European Union, as the last in the line of the current presidency trio. This will be Sweden’s first EU presidency since the Lisbon Treaty came into force and third overall. The Presidency takes place in time of severe turbulence caused by the prolonged war in Ukraine and economic turmoil characterised by record-high inflation and looming recession. Thus, there is no doubt that Sweden will continue the crisis management work of France and the Czech Republic. The presidency’s slogan ‘Greener, Safer and More Free Europe’ indicates that security and green transition will dominate the Presidency’s agenda. In addition, although the enlargement policy has been widened and now includes Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia, it is unlikely that the Western Balkans will strongly feature on Sweden’s agenda. The aim of this insight is to examine how Sweden will manoeuvre through Europe in the midst of an increasingly complex context.

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The EU Financial Support Package to the Western Balkans - Tackling COVID-19

Author(s): Anesa Omeragić,Strahinja Subotić / Language(s): English

The EU Financial Support Package to the Western Balkans - Tackling COVID-19

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Rosja u progu 2021 roku - Sytuacja polityczna, społeczna i gospodarcza

Author(s): Marek Menkiszak,Maria Domańska,Iwona Wiśniewska,Jadwiga Rogoża / Language(s): Polish

W minionym roku w Rosji rozpoczęto realizację kolejnego etapu konsolidacji i zaostrzania systemu autorytarnego. Kluczowe decyzje polityczne były podporządkowane strategicznym celom, jakim są utrzymanie obecnego reżimu i odpowiednio wczesne przygotowanie płynnej sukcesji władzy. Nerwowość elity rządzącej podsyciły szczególnie protesty na Białorusi, zwłaszcza w obliczu zaplanowanych na 2021 r. wyborów parlamentarnych w Rosji. W sferze politycznej działania Kremla koncentrowały się na dwóch celach: poszerzeniu pola manewru odnośnie do wyboru scenariusza politycznego na najbliższe lata, czemu służyła nowelizacja konstytucji, oraz utrzymaniu kontroli nad społeczeństwem poprzez działania mające pogłębić w nim bierność, paternalizm, lęk przed władzą oraz poczucie braku alternatywy. W tym celu przyjęto szereg ustaw mających zapobiec oddolnej mobilizacji obywateli. Pandemia COVID-19 stosunkowo łagodnie dotknęła rosyjską gospodarkę. W tym zakresie priorytetem Kremla pozostawała nie tyle pomoc dla społeczeństwa i biznesu, ile zapewnienie stabilności finansów publicznych i ochrona rezerw finansowych. W rezultacie doszło do wzmocnienia dotychczasowego, nieefektywnego modelu ekonomicznego.

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Gender Parity in the making. Promoting equal and inclusive Representation of Women in Decision-Making Systems

Author(s): Elisa Fornalé,Riccarda Heepen / Language(s): English

This paper draws attention to the hurdles that women face in achieving inclusive representation and participation in decisionmaking processes. It delves into the nuanced dimensions of economic empowerment, exploring how trade, finance, and investment policies impact gender equality. Gender considerations increasingly permeate discussions on international trade, investment, and finance policies. The paper emphasizes the need for a holistic analysis in this respect. It highlights the main results of the International Conference on Promoting Equal and Inclusive Representation of Women in Decision-Making Systems, held on 23 February 2024 at the World Trade Institute (Bern, CH) and co-organized with the Institute of International Relations Prague in the framework of the Swiss National Scientific Foundation project Gender Equality in the Mirror: Clothing the Invisibility of Women’s Participation at International Level and the Horizon Europe project HRJust. The conference brought together experts and stakeholders to address key challenges faced by women in political leadership roles. Together, they reflected on the multifaceted challenges and opportunities surrounding women's economic empowerment and its intrinsic connection to achieving gender parity. The discussions focused on the importance of achieving gender parity and the role of international law in advancing this goal.

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