Polityka rodzinna państwa we współczesnej Polsce

Author(s): Joanna Szczepaniak-Sienniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2015

The aim of this article is to draw attention to changes in family policy in Poland after 2008, primarily the increased involvement of the state (government) in the family matters. This state of affairs is noteworthy for two main reasons. Firstly, it seems that such a significant increase in activities of Polish government for families had not been since 1989. So far in the transformation reality of our country withdrawal of the state institutions of social tasks could be rather seen. Secondly it should be noted that this increased involvement falls in a period of economic crisis, and thus occurred despite the particular challenges to the economy and the risks for the possibility of state interference in the affairs of society. These changes and their conditions are worth noting, inter alia, in the context of a discussion which is recently animated on the basis of social policy and economics on the directions of transformation of the tasks of the modern welfare state.

Komunalinių biologiškai skaidžių atliekų tvarkymo sistemos efektyvumo vertinimas Kauno miesto savivaldybėje

Author(s): Karolina Skorupskaitė,Algis Junevičius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2016

This paper analyses one of the municipal waste management system component – municipal biodegradable waste and evaluates its management’s efficiency in Kaunas City Municipality. The first part of this paper is devoted to the waste management concept dynamics analysis, public government evaluation criteria and its methods identification, especially focusing on efficiency. The part of research evaluates the efficiency of the municipal biodegradable waste management system in 2013 which is ruled by Kaunas City Municipality. The main research object is an infrastructure of technical equipment of municipal biodegradable waste management system. Efficiency is valued using cost-effectiveness method. The study established that the currently existing system of municipal biodegradable waste management system is ineffective.

10% dzikiej ziemi

Author(s): Anna Mateja / Language(s): Polish Issue: 790/2021

Wstęp

Author(s): Natalia Jackowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2020

Ecology - Green parties - energy

Analýza Parížskej klimatickej dohody ako nástroja na riešenie problematiky globálneho otepľovania

Author(s): Robert Kiraly / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2021

In our work we analyse Paris climate agreement in the context of the level of its implementation to practical life. As an input data we use an annual quantity of territorial CO2 emissions and CO2 emissions per capita in selected countries between years 2015 ‒ 2019. This data should illustrate the actual level of implementation success of Paris agreement. We work with hypothesis, that the Paris agreement is not suitable to solve the problematic of global warming, because of absence of sanction mechanism and concrete measures. Our aim is to confirm/refute our hypothesis. During the writing we use analytic, deductive, descriptive, and comparative method.

POLITICA ENERGETICĂ A FEDERAȚIEI RUSE, INSTRUMENT DE AFIRMARE A STATUTULUI DE MARE PUTERE

Author(s): Andi Mihail BANCILA / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2021

The disintegration of the USSR in December 1991 marked the end of the Cold War. Many foreign policy analysts were quick to point out that Russian Federation had ceased to be a threat to the Western world. Despite facing a multitude of economic, social and military problems, under the leadership of Vladimir Putin the Russian state managed to be reborn. Russian Federation’s miraculous return was made possible by the successful implementation of a policy of economic centralization that overlapped with a period of rising global oil prices. Economic prosperity encouraged the Russian Federation government to return to the old practices of the Soviet period, succeeding in unbalancing the fragile states of Eastern Europe and once again endangering the peace of the entire continent.

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ENERGY POLICY, AN INSTRUMENT FOR RECONSOLIDATING THE STATUS OF HIGH POWER

Author(s): Andi Mihail BANCILA / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2021

The disintegration of the USSR in December 1991 marked the end of the Cold War. Many foreign policy analysts were quick to point out that Russian Federation had ceased to be a threat to the Western world. Despite facing a multitude of economic, social and military problems, under the leadership of Vladimir Putin the Russian state managed to be reborn. Russian Federation’s miraculous return was made possible by the successful implementation of a policy of economic centralization that overlapped with a period of rising global oil prices. Economic prosperity encouraged the Russian Federation government to return to the old practices of the Soviet period, succeeding in unbalancing the fragile states of Eastern Europe and once again endangering the peace of the entire continent.

Sociálně politické a sociálně-ekonomické dopady unijní Zelené dohody pro Evropu

Author(s): Bohuslav Čížek,Petr Doubravský,Richard Hindls,Michal Hrubý,Naďa Johanisová,Ondřej Krutílek,Kryštof Kruliš,Bedřich Moldan,Ladislav Mrklas,Karel B. Müller,Lukáš Němec,Pavel Ryska,Marián Sekerák,Vladimír Špidla / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2022

In December 2019, the European Commission presented its European Green Deal, via which it committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2050. By 2030, net emissions will be reduced by at least 55% compared to 1990 levels. In December 2020, the Green Deal was approved by the European Council (thus also the then Czech Prime Minister Andrej Babiš). The Social Policy Forum magazine presents a survey that was conducted on the anticipated social, socio-political and socio-economic impacts of the EU's Green Deal for Europe. The editors approached a number of economists, sociologists, political scientists and other relevant experts in connection with the survey. We present the answers to a total of 14 alphabetically-arranged survey questions, based on which we plan to address the topics of the social, socio-political and socio-economic impacts of the EU's Green Deal in future issues of the Social Policy Forum.

Politika Evropske unije u oblasti zaštite od vanrednih situacija i katastrofa: jačanje pripremljenosti i spremnost za delovanje u trećim državama

Author(s): Aleksandar Jazić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1182/2021

Climate change and technological developments have affected changes in the potential hazards that emergencies bring. This has also affected the possible changes in the scope of emergency situations, i.e., the possibility of their consequences being felt on a wider scale. New emergencies can particularly endanger countries that are not at a high level of economic development. The European Union has, therefore, taken steps to improve its civil protection system. The first goal of the European Union is better preparedness and the improvement of the system, which should provide a faster and more efficient response to emergency situations and disasters. The second goal is the possibility of providing more efficient and faster assistance to countries that are not its members. This applies not only to the countries on European soil but also beyond. In order to achieve these two goals, the European Union has adopted decisions establishing the European Civil Protection Fund and the rescEU. Thus, the European Union has united the capacities of the member states into one broader system, with the organization of reserve capacities and forces. By creating a more coherent system of response to emergencies, the European Union has strengthened its own preparedness while creating the preconditions for providing adequate assistance to other countries anywhere in the world.

Posledice međunarodnih problema oko raspodele resursa pijaće vode na prostoru Centralne Azije

Author(s): Gavrilo Ostojić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1166-1167/2017

Irrational use of the waters of the Syr Darya and the Amu Darya, in Central Asia, and in the area of the Aral basin, led to a major disruption of the water balance of the Aral Sea. During the 60s of the last century, the decision of the Soviet Union authorities, the region was transformed into a "cotton region" for whose needs was built a large number of irrigation channels. Requirements for the production of cotton grew from year to year, which contributed to the increase of the drinking water consumption. Since 1961, the intake of water in the lake has been so reduced that it could not compensate for the amount of water lost by evaporation. In this way, the water level in the lake was constantly decreasing, so that in 1989 the lake level dropped by 14 m compared to 1960. However, after the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, in the Aral basin were created 5 new countries, which could not find a common ground regarding the allocation and use of drinking water resources, which only worsened the huge environmental disaster in the region, leaving the immeasurable consequences (climatic, environmental, social and health) not only on wildlife but also on people. The tendency of every newborn state to have the primacy in the use and consumption of limited resources of drinking water, or desire to do the utmost to fully exploit "their" potable water resources, which are the primary catalyst for the growth of their weak economies, represents the most serious security threat that could destabilize the Central Asian region, and undoubtedly increase the existing potential militarization, disputes and conflicts over this limited but renewable natural resource. In the paper is especially emphasized the true state of drinking water resources in Central Asia – the Aral basin, the causes and consequences of the international dispute in the Aral Sea basin.

Energetska bezbednost – između Istoka i Zapada

Author(s): Sanja Arežina / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1161/2016

Energy represents one of the most crucial factors of the global economic development. Outgrowing the pure economic significance, it has touched on a number of new fields, security being one the most prominent kind. Volatility of the global system has put into focus the necessity of reaching energy security, looking both from the energy exporter and from energy importer states' point of view, but including transit countries as well. A number of indicators that influence energy security (especially energy prices), and the need for its institutionalisation, tell us how the whole energy market is changing and dependent on the complex scheme of interests where every player has its own role in maintaining the basic stability. The emergence of energy security dilemma is the prime example of the way that the behaviour of one state affects the behaviour of other states. Therefore, the highlight of the near future will be placed onto measures for energy supply diversification in order to minimise the impact of energy security issues on overall foreign policies. At the same time, the new transformation of the global energy market tells us that the time of the changing geopolitical map and roles has come.

Zagađenja izazvana poplavama kao globalni problem

Author(s): Aleksandar Jazić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1164/2016

Climate changes caused by a rapid technological development are increasingly causing natural disasters that take the shape of emergency situations. Floods are one of the most common natural disasters that can affect one or several countries at the same time. The dangers resulting from floods could jeopardize people's lives, property and the environment in some territory. Depending on its scope, floods may have different shapes. Flood waves can be such that completely destroy the existing infrastructure and cause pollution at the level of environmental disasters. Therefore, it happens that floods completely paralyze the normal functioning of the state and society in some parts of the territory. In these situations, the control of the competent authorities on the affected parts of the territory is difficult. States now take significant measures to prevent the occurrence of floods or to quickly eliminate the negative consequences of their influence. Paralyzing the work of state bodies in some parts of the territory affects the security of the state as a whole. That is why in modern security policies much more attention is paid to the so-called ecological safety.

EU-Russia Energy relations in the 21st Century

Author(s): Petar Kordić / Language(s): English Issue: 1185/2022

This paper tries to portray the energy relations between the European Unionand Russia, which are characterized by the recognition ofmutual and jointinterests in the fields of energy and the economy. This part of EU-Russiadiplomatic relations is based on the principle of interdependency, whichties the two subjects into close cooperation and thus complements theirotherwise turbulent relationship. The interests for which these relations aremaintained are of high value to both parties and prove that EU-Russiacooperation is possible and sustainable, although with an uncertain future,having in mind other diplomatic concerns and current ongoing events inUkraine in overall EU-Russia relations. Although far from ideal and filledwith controversies and tensions, this sphere of diplomatic relations is veryimportant and has large economic and political implications. This paper willgive a brief overview of the events leading up to the existing controversiesover Nord Stream 2, as well as the future implications and predictions ofpossible consequences regarding further energy relations between Russiaand the EU.

Климатске промене и систем заштите климе: од глобалног (преко регионалног) до националног

Author(s): Dragoljub Todić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1188/2023

The aim of the paper is reviewing the key elements of the system of contemporary climate change politics and law, as a unique system made up of entities at different levels (from global, through regional to national). The introductory part of the paper highlights the global characteristics of climate change and provides methodological notes. The first part of the paper is dedicated to the consideration of the basic elements of global climate change policy and law in light of the need for a systemic approach to legal climate protection. The provisions of international treaties are analysed: the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (Framework Convention), the Kyoto Protocol (KP), the Paris Climate Agreement (PA), and other relevant international treaties. The second part of the paper analyses the place that regional subjects have in global politics. An overview is also given of the way of implementing global international obligations through the national regulations of Serbia, Montenegro, and Croatia. The paper discusses the position that the legal system in the field of climate change is a unique system. The foundations of that system are defined by international treaties at the global level, and implementation is primarily ensured by the member states. The role of the ‘region’ and the possibility of regional connections are not clearly emphasized, except in the part that refers to ‘regional organizations of economic integration’. In the conclusion, it is stated that the question of the role of the ‘region’ should be regulated in more detail in the context of a systemic approach to international law.

Odszkodowanie z tytułu ograniczenia sposobu korzystania z nieruchomości w procedurze oceny oddziaływania na obszar Natura 2000

Author(s): Jacek Krystek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2023

Restricting the use of real estate in connection with the protection of environmental resources may take place by placing areas or objects under protection under the provisions of the Act on Nature Conservation or by designating quiet areas in the agglomeration and quiet areas outside the agglomeration. The owner of such real estate, the use of which or its part in a cur-rent manner or in accordance with the intended use has become impossible or significantly limited, may request the buyout of the real estate or its part. The second option available to the owner of such real estate is the possibility to claim compensation for the damage suffered, including a decrease in the value of the real estate. The aim of the article was to analyze the possibility of limiting the use of the real estate as a result of the Natura 2000 impact assessment procedure, including the claim for compensation. So far, in the doctrine and jurisprudence, this issue has not been extensively analyzed in this context. The analysis of regulations and jurisprudence has shown that if the restriction on the use of real estate or its part results from individual administrative proceedings, the right to demand the redemption of all or part of the real estate or to demand damages does not directly stem from the currently applicable legal provisions. To eliminate this legal gap, possible ways of amending the legal regulations have been proposed.

Karakteristike i posledice klimatskih promena na Arktiku na međunarodne odnose

Author(s): Milovan Radaković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1153-1154/2014

Global climate change will have its impact on international relations. The biggest consequences will certainly be in the regions of the North and South Pole. When it comes to the Arctic, these changes will take place in several dimensions. The first one is of course, security. The borders of the Arctic states have almost been impassable that for low temperatures, snow and ice might in the near future become standard borders by their characteristics. Another dimension is resources. In the Arctic, there are large amounts of energy substances and minerals, which have not yet been exploited. Finally, another dimension that will bring climate change to the Arctic will be the traffic component. Warmer climate and currents of the land and the sea in this part of the world will open new trade and travel routes.

Globalna politika u oblasti klimatskih promena i politika država najvećih emitera gasova sa efektom staklene bašte

Author(s): Dragoljub Todić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1150/2013

The paper presents the general framework of the law and policy of climate change identified in the existing international treaties in the field of environment and in particular the provisions of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. By considering the specific situation of individual countries and using different criteria (share in total emissions of greenhouse gases, membership in international treaties, the implementation of international treaties, the definition of strategic objectives and the existence and characteristics of national legal systems in the area of climate change) there have been analysed the elements of the policy and law of the states which are the largest GHG emitters. It has especially considered the situation in the Member States of Annex I of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (Australia, Japan, Germany, UK, USA, Russian Federation) and the situation in several countries that have the status of “non-Annex I” (China, Brazil, India, South Africa, Mexico). The paper is based on the assumption that the global policy on climate change depends solely on the policies of the major GHG emitters. This paper describes the thesis that the policy of the largest GHG emitters, despite the differences, has common elements of importance for the achievement of global politics.

Savremena ekološka kriza: nastanak, geneza i posledice

Author(s): Željko Jović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1150/2013

The subject of the paper is to perceive the important aspects of the contemporary environmental crisis and especially the cause of its origin, what results in the deviations, which have appeared in the process of accelerated and excessive industrialisation of the modern society. Apart from presenting the development of the environmental crisis and pointing to its climax at the present time, the authors aims to point out its key consequences or actually negative effects, which could exert a great impact not only on the considerable lowering of the quality of life of the man in the future, but also on the survival of the Earth itself and the whole mankind. Concerning this as one of the specific consequences of the environmental crisis, there have emerged radical ideologies. Intending to protect the nature and the living world their activities and possible responses to the existing system of values are focused on the use of violence, terrorist methods and weapons.

INSTITUȚIA STATULUI ÎN CONTEXTUL PROVOCĂRILOR CLIMATICE ACTUALE

Author(s): Ruxandra Iordache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2024

The climatic change is a reality that today affects the individual and social life of the human being and „enters” the political scene: the political power must take into account this „new actor” and identify policies answering the specific climatic issues and their effects on the economic and social fields. The ecological ideology searches its place within the frame of consecrated ideologies. The institution of the State must adapt and redefine itselfaccording to the climatic challenges, in a manner allowing new theoretical and practical solutions, but also saving a continuity with the „traditional” state institution profile. This article explores some axes of the climatic issue as a political stake with the support of the theoretical concept of “ecostate”, as explained in the specific academic literature.

AIR POLLUTION MONITORING AND ALERT SYSTEM BASED ON ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER

Author(s): Ljupcho Shosholovski,Nadica Todorovska / Language(s): English Issue: 45/2023

In today’s world, air pollution stands out as a paramount global concern. Air pollution can originate from either human-made (anthropogenic) or natural sources. Atmospheric pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), suspended particulate matter (SPM), respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have a profound impact on human health. This issue is pervasive, affecting most major cities in both developing and developed countries. Given the urgency of the situation, the development of a real-time air quality and pollution monitoring system is imperative. We have engineered an Arduino-based air pollution detector that pairs a compact, cost-effective sensor with an Arduino microcontroller unit. This detector offers several advantages, including reliable stability, swift response and recovery times, and has a long operational lifespan. Furthermore, it is a budget-friendly, user-friendly, low-power hardware solution suitable for mobile measurement and straightforward data collection. The accompanying processing software can meticulously analyze the collected data with exceptional precision, making it an essential tool for understanding and addressing the critical issue of air pollution.