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В.П. БУЗЕСКУЛ: РУССКИЙ ПАТРИОТ О НАЦИОНАЛИЗМЕ В ГЕРМАНСКОМ АНТИКОВЕДЕНИИ

Author(s): Fariud Nafisovich Ahmadiev,Evgenii Aleksandrovich Chiglintsev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2015

The views of V.P. Buzeskul, the prominent antiquity researcher and historiographer, on the nationalistic and ideological concepts of the German classical scholarship in the 19th–early 20th century, which were relevant to the period of the First World War, are considered in the paper. Based on V.P. Buzeskul’s works, it is demonstrated how the Russian patriotic historian gets involved into the propagandist struggle under the war conditions by means of his works.

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Publicystki lwowskiej „Awangardy” o „sprawach teatru, kina i radia”

Author(s): Małgorzata Radkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2015

In my article I present results of my research that has been done within the “pioneers with a camera” project, financed by the National Science Centre. The main goal of the article is to show women’s involvement in the film culture of Lviv in 1930s, embodied in the Film Club “Awangarda”. As active members of the “film society” consisted of film critics and researchers, but also artists and filmmakers, women were authors of numerous articles published in the “Awangarda” magazine on – as the title explained – the issue of cinema, radio and theatre”. The combination of research perspectives, including women’s studies and film studies, allowed me to examine archival press materials in terms of women’s creativity and emancipation, understood as openness for new technologies, and participation in visual culture, both as consumers and creators. What makes the Galician context important is the fact that that was the part of Poland where the first Polish cinematoscopes arrived and then developed at the highest rate, especially in Cracow and Lviv. My article and the project as a whole are particularly focused on women’s participation in the development of Polish cinema from the perspectives of film studies, history, culture and anthropology.

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ДУХОВНЫЙ СИНКРЕТИЗМ В ПУБЛИЦИСТИКЕ Ф.М. ДОСТОЕВСКОГО

Author(s): Ivan Igorevich Banderov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2015

The presence of a particular journalistic thinking, spiritual syncretism, was detected in F.M. Dostoevskii’s “Writer’s diary”. The literary analysis and specific keywords were used for this detection. According to the results of our study, F.M. Dostoevskii’s spiritual syncretism is characterized by spiritual solutions of the political, economic, and social problems, as well as by the fusion of Enlightenment and religious ideas.

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ПУБЛИЦИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ПУШКИНИАНА М.Н. КАТКОВА

Author(s): Airat Shamilevich Bik-Bulatov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2015

The paper, for the first time in Russian history, considers the journalistic and literary critical statements of M.N. Katkov, a leader of the traditional conservative trend in political journalism during the late 19th century, devoted to A.S. Pushkin. M.N. Katkov’s journalistic Pushkiniana is the most significant one among other contemporaries and covers the period from 1838 to 1880. M.N. Katkov numerously appealed to the figure of A.S. Pushkin throughout his journalistic activity. The interpretations of A.S. Pushkin by M.N. Katkov in different years are analyzed.

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Popkultura wobec izraelskich wzorców pamiętania o Zagładzie

Author(s): Jagoda Budzik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

After the long period of intentional silence surrounding the subject of the Holocaust survivors in the official discourse of Israel, more and more often the Holocaust served as a justification for the Israeli military activity as well as it became a central element shaping the national identity of the Israeli Jews. This situation is directly reflected in the texts of Israeli mass culture but also has been widely criticized with the use of tools it offers. The main objective of the article is to give a brief overview of the history of this dual relationship between Israeli pop culture and the Holocaust memory, as well as to explain the special status it has in Israel from the first decades of the state’s existence until the period of an extensive presence of the topic of Holocaust memory in various kinds of popular media.

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John Zorn. Jak być żydowskim postmodernistą (albo postmodernistycznym Żydem)?

Author(s): Michal Wandzilak,Mariusz Czubaj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

Being one of the most prominent figures of the New York avant-garde scene since the early 1980s of the 20th century – John Zorn is almost nonexistent in the Polish musical studies. Moreover, even though his art is densely packed with the dilemmas of the contemporary culture, Zorn’s music seems to be unnoticed neither by the anthropology nor by the cultural studies. Style-wise, due to the theory of the Jonathan Kramer and other notable music theorists, John Zorn’s music should be classified as connected to the postmodern movement. In his early works Zorn explores different musical contexts: the concept of “high” and “low” styles, structural unity, eclecticism, popular culture, etc. But dated from the release of the album, titled Kristallnacht, the next period of Zorn‘s musical activity is deeply involved in search for the Jewish identity in music and therefore rerouted to the new political religious social and traditional context. In short, John Zorn through his music is questioning the fundamental issues of contemporary culture: its identity, existence and tradition.

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Żydowska Warszawa w obrazkach. Komiksowa antologia Złote pszczoły jako przykład kultury historycznej

Author(s): Gaweł Janik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

The following article aims to show places where pop culture merges with Jewish tradition on the example of comic books. The author tries not only to reconstruct the evolution of the genre and its changing reception but also to show the history of comic books which introduce Jews as their main characters. The emphasis is put on comics about the Holocaust and superheroes which have actually become a separate category of graphic stories. The author uses as an example the Polish comic anthology - Złote pszczoły, which is one of the rare examples concerning the comic art about Jews and which has been incorporated into the cultural heritage and rescue history. The article draws attention to the fact that this is and institutional comic in which animal symbols have an important meaning and the Holocaust is not mentioned by its name at all, which seems to be done on purpose.

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Śledztwo w osnowie stereotypu, legendy i przemilczenia, Wątki żydowskie w polskich współczesnych powieściach sensacyjnych

Author(s): Robert Więckowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

The authors of contemporary Polish crime stories frequently use the threads connected with the history of Polish-Jewish relationships, which are full of stereotypes, legends and concealments. This arouses the authors’ interest and makes them write the most intriguing novels. In my article I analyze such solutions used by three Polish crime story authors in some of their novels. The critical assessment concerns both the ways of coping with the stereotypes and the significance, which, in social perception, may be attributed to the fact of working out in crime stories the legends and concealments from Polish-Jewish history.

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Żydowskie dziedzictwo. Uwagi o sagach współczesnych

Author(s): Marta Tomczok / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

In the article I pay attention to the contemporarily increasing importance of the family saga in the Polish Jewish studies. I propose the reading of the prose of Bronisław Wildstein (Czas niedokonany), Ałbena Grabowska (Stulecie Winnych), Ben Elton (Two Brothers) and Karina Schaapman (The Mouse Mansion. Sam and Julia). The 20th c. history of the European Jews present in these books usually focuses on several key pictures/moments/situations, that is: pre-war pogroms, the Shoah, and – only in the Polish version – żydokomuna [“Judeo-Communism”] and March 1968. I demonstrate their influence on pop-cultural narration through the analysis of Czas niedokonany in particular. In this story the inheritance of trauma, significant for the narration of the Second Generation, gains a supplement in the form of the inheritance of the Jewish capital, post-war Jewish careers and professional advancement. The article is an introduction to the profound study on the newest pop-cultural story tackling the subject of Jewishness; it also indicates the necessity of extracting from a large group of Polish, noble and post-noble family sagas the storylines centered on Jewish culture, based on a different ideology and distinct myths.

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Wątki żydowskie w polskim kabarecie na początku XXI wieku

Author(s): Diana Karwowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

The paper deals with the image of Jews in contemporary Polish cabaret. Increasingly, homegrown artists take up the subject of anti-Semitism and intolerance although sometimes they include stereotypical figures, clever Jews. Sometimes you can still find very nostalgic references to the lost past. Generally, this subject does not enjoy the popularity of cabaret performers; their focus on describing the present Polish society rarely takes into account any representatives of other nationalities. The analysis of these representations is supplemented by the reflection on the vitality of prejudices against the Jewish community and the place of their Polish heritage in popular culture.

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Siedmioro karłów z Auschwitz, które „Doktorowi Śmierć zawdzięczały życie”. O bohaterach reportażu Kukiełki doktora Mengele Yehudy Koren i Eliat Negev

Author(s): Agnieszka Kamińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

A man mistreated day after day – experiencing his own death every day for years, denigrated, beaten, threatened, with no perspectives for the future – should hate his oppressor. The story of a Jewish Hungarian family of dwarfs shows that this is not always the case. In this sketch, the author analyzes the biographical narrations of the chacters of the book, who are clearly ambivalent towards doctor Mengele. It appears that the key to the interpretation of their behavior lies in deep psychological mechanisms. The analysis of the subjects’ narrations shows that Holocaust survivors suffered until the end of their days from, what psychologists and psychiatrists have named, the posttraumatic stress disorder. As the author is not a psychiatrist, she does not discuss PTSD symptoms from a medical perspective. The aim of the study is to look at the memories presented in the book with an approach informed by the humanities and embedded in the context of psychiatric terminology. The main analytical method is hermeneutics (Prot 2009).

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Docudrama czyli świadkowanie między trudnymi i łatwymi przyjemnościami

Author(s): Wiesław Godzic / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2015

The goal is to explain the importance of docudrama for Polish spectators. It could be said that after years of rejection docudrama (when docusoaps and reality shows dominated) the 67 programmers turned back to this genre. Author advocates for Polish docudrama as a very important genre in Poland due to its proximity to film documentary tradition and its ideology. Author produces a series of close analyses of different recent 67 productions dealing with representation of history. In Warsaw Uprising (2013) reality has been, so to speak, glued together and colourised in order to make it attractive. Serial docudrama Time of Honor (2008-2014) describes as well as rewrites episodes from the BBCC. It is a dramatized story of real historical events pretends to be docudrama. On the other hand Great Escapes (2005-2006) series attracted large audiences and demonstrated an efficient and original use of the language of television.

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Polska wojna kulturowa. Pole bitwy i strony konfliktu

Author(s): Tomasz Mróz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2015

The 25th anniversary of polish legislative election of 1989 resulted in conflicts that Poland has never seen before. The area of this dispute goes through the borders of politics, religion and worldview. The emerging question is: should the disputation on ‘gender ideology’, „Golgota Picnic”, the doctors’ declaration of faith, the clause of conscience and the case of professor Bogdan Chazan be treated as a forecast of a culture war? Why is there so much controversy on the topics of abortion, civil partnerships, correctness of works of art or significance of the family? Are we the witnesses of a real and painful culture war? If we are, then in what stadium of the conflict? Can the culture war be ended in a peaceful way? Analysis on the culture-political events should give some initial answers to these questions.

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An Inquiry into the Everyday Life of Townspeople of Košice in the 16th Century

Author(s): Bernadeta Fabová / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

Košice represents an atypical European town in the 16th century. Unfortunately, due to numerous destructive events, relatively small number of documents has been preserved from this period. The testaments, which originated in particular period, were selected as the source for the reconstruction of everyday life. The primary aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the existing research on the townspeople of Košice in the 16th century. Secondly, the possible diﬃculties that might arise during the research of the topic are being listed. The ﬁnal part of the paper contains speciﬁc examples of the life experience of the selected inhabitants of the town.

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Testament Invocations as a Manifestation of the Religiosity of Kraków Burghers in the 17th and 18th Centuries

Author(s): Marcin Gadocha / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview over the last wills as the historical sources. The ﬁrst part of this work consists of the overview of published relevant works; it also summarised the well-known facts about purpose and creation of the last wills. The paper describes its form, possible use as well as their development. The emphasis is put on the concrete manuscripts originated from the region of Kraków from the 17th and 18th century. The last part of paper is dedicated to speciﬁc section of testament – the invocation.

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Chief Judges and Urban Elite of Miskolc in the Turkish Era (1550 – 1700)

Author(s): Éva Gyulai / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

Market town Miskolc has gone into the possession of pledge holders in the Turkish Era who preserved its medieval character and were elected by the serf-burgers. The serf-burgers continued to elect the town’s self-administration i. e. the council and the chief judge, which started to keep permanent protocols (Towns’ Book) from 1565. Chief judges emerged from among the serf citizens of the town, no nobleman could hold this position, but from mid 17th century, only noblemen, what is more, landowners ﬁlled this function. In the 16th century, the urban elite consisted of rich serf-burgers, craftsmen and a small number of merchants, but there was also a small ’outsider’ noble elite attached to the castle and dominium of Diósgyőr. In the 17th century, there were signiﬁcant changes in the town’s society and elite. An increasingly larger numbers of the citizens applied for nobility, and due to the Turkish wars, a lot of noble families also moved into the town from the countryside starting to form a new noble strong group in Miskolc.

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The Jewish Community in Kraków and Kazimierz and the Jewish Communal Authorities in the Light of Internal Sources (16th – 18th Centuries)

Author(s): Anna Jakimyszyn / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

The Jewish community in Kraków were an example of the organizational forms used in the Jewish communities in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. They varied from community to community. The administration system and system solutions were deﬁned under state authority regulations, local and private legislation and internal regulations of Jewish authorities. For the Jewish community in Kraków in the modern period the most important internal sources were the Kraków Community Charter and the community record books – pinkasim. People who worked for the community could be divided into two groups. To the ﬁrst group belong the Kraków Community Board (parnasim, towim and fourteen kahal members). In addition to the Kraków Community Board there were a number of other oﬃcials of the community. They had several areas of responsibility: ﬁnances, maintenance of order in the Jewish quarter ad supervision of crafts and trade. To this group belong also judges [three to each of the three governing bodies]. To the second group of the people working for the community belong rabbi, cantor, ritual slaughterer and beadles, community secretary, midwives, doctors, street cleaners, public bath personnel, prison guards and sentries watching over the gates leading to the quarter. The analysis of the list of the Kraków’s community oﬃcials and functionaries showed as the power was in the hand of a small groups of inhabitants. Nevertheless, the system of the communal institutions proved very durable, probably because till the end of the 18th century there was no other alternative solutions.

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The Decline of the Kraków Jewish Community in the Early Modern Period

Author(s): Adam Kaźmierczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

At the end of the16th century Kraków’s Jewish community was the most important cahal in Poland. This situation lasted until the middle of the17th century. Just a century later Kraków’s elders were begging the voivode of Kraków to protect them against claims of smaller communities, such as Wodzisław, which demanded jurisdiction over Jews in villages just by the walls of Kraków’s agglomeration. The lecture will show how the changes in Jewish demography as well as the king’s resignation from jurisdiction over Jews in private estates and other changes in political system of the Polish Commonwealth aﬀected the situation of Kraków’s community and resulted in its loss of power in the state and among the Jewish population in Lesser Poland.

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Opavian Suburbia from 14th to 16th Century. A Dynamically Developing Territory or a Changeless State?

Author(s): Viktor Pohanka / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

In 1965 František Matějek pointed to the mutual rivalry between what we can call municipal and manorial economy in the 16th through the 17th century. However, the question to what extent did the residues of the duchy land tenure made it hard for the municipal council to gain control of all the suburban domains whose legal status was diﬀerent seems to remain unexplored – the conjecture here is that it was just the foregoing landlord domain that tried to prevent the municipality from making attempts at the use of the considerable economic potential and beneﬁts that the overall area of the Opavian suburbia deﬁnitely rendered. The purpose of the following contribution therefore lies in showing whether or not did the municipal council succeed in exploiting at least some parts of the suburbia and, if they did, whether the latter underwent some changes that suited the interests of the community.

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The Position of Opava in the Context of Silesian Cities in the First Half of the 18th Century

Author(s): Rudolf Žáček / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

In the legal sense, Silesian towns and cities constituted as early as the 12th century. Up to the half of the 13th century, approximately 20 towns and townlets were established. After the Mongolian invasion in 1241, apart from the economic signiﬁcance, it was also their defensive role of towns that was valued. During the Middle Ages and the early modern period a rather extensive network comprising altogether 165 towns and townlets was built in Silesia.

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