DIALOG KULTUR NA PRZYKŁADZIE DWUDZIESTU ODSŁON MIĘDZYNARODOWEGO FESTIWALU MUZYKI SAKRALNEJ GAUDE MATER W CZĘSTOCHOWIE (1991)2010)

Author(s): Marcin T. Łukaszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2014

The paper describes the phenomenon of multiculturalism at the International Festival ofSacred Music Gaude Mater in Częstochowa. The festival has been running since 1991. Itincludes a variety of artistic events, most of them sacred music concerts (Gregorian chant, early music, Orthodox, Polish music from all historical periods, and premieres). The festival also promotes the musical culture of Jasna Góra. The special feature of the festival is its multiculturalism involving the presentation of non-Christian sacred music. In the years 1991-2010, the festival featured Jewish, Muslim, Egyptian, and African music. The dialogue between cultures also facilitates connections between high and mass culture. This is accomplished through various combinations of gospel, jazz, pop elements with classical music. In addition, the attempts of dialogue between different cultures furnish a number of non-musical events, such as theatre performance, arts exhibitions, and conferences.

An examination of Clara Schumann’s musical salons and the research problems that occurred

Author(s): Marlene Priller / Language(s): English Issue: 03 (30)/2016

Clara and Robert Schumann were connected very closely to the culture of the musical salons serving young and ambitious musicians and composers. Clara Schumann’s life is documented very well, but there is only a very small amount of literature dealing with her activities in the musical salon. This paper aims at providing an insight into the different circles Clara as well as her husband organised. The existent and non-existent source material is discussed and, by doing that, the current state of research on this subject is elaborated. Furthermore, this paper endeavours to point out the difficulties of research on this topic. That part is followed by a closer look at the characteristics of the private circles of the Schumanns during their years of marriage and the years after Robert Schumann’s death from 1856 to 1896.

Awangardowe techniki kompozytorskie w Trzech diagramach na flet solo Henryka Mikołaja Góreckiego

Author(s): Weronika Sucharska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04 (31)/2016

The aim of the article is to analyse Three diagrams for solo flute Op. 15 by Henryk Mikołaj Górecki in the light of compositional techniques usen in the piece as well as pacing the work in the context od the early output of the composers. In order to achieve the defined aims the score has been analysed as well as the statements od the composer and of people related to him. This research enabled the author to precise in what ways Górecki uses techniques such as serialism, punctualism and aleatorism. In the paper composer’s individual and innovative approach to the avant-garde techniques is revealed. However, the idiomatic elements of the whole Górecki’s style are also present in the analysed work. The article consists of two parts. The first part includes the problem od history and the style od Henryk Mikołaj Górecki’s early works. The second part is devoted to the analysis and conclusions.

Od elektronicznej muzyki do elektronicznego obrazu. Exposition of Music – Electronic Television Nam June Paika

Author(s): Maryla Zając / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04 (31)/2016

Nam June Paik (1932–2006) is now considered to be the most influential creator in visual arts. He is said to be the first artist who presented television as a source of artistic experience. However, nowadays many people forget about his musical beginnings. Starting as a musician, he was inspired by, for example, John Cage, whose philosophical way of thinking had a positive impact on Paik’s future experiments with music and objects. Exposition of Music – Electronic Television (1963, Wuppertal) was artist’s symbolic transfer from music to visual arts, presenting prepared pianos together with prepared TV’s. The article presents the exhibition as well as the environment created by Paik, showing the equality, importance and impact of two not so different kinds of art.

Нова книга, представяща документалното наследство на Светата Търновска митрополия

Author(s): Ivan Roussev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

Забраната “contra iustitiam iudicasse” („да се отсъжда срещу справедливостта“) в Lex Romana Visigothorum и Codex Theodosianus

Author(s): Doroteya Mihova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2015

The article provides translation of key titles postulating the interdiction “contra iustitiam iudicasse” in Lex Romana Visigothorum. The author commented on the way in which specific norms and texts are derived from the Theodosius Code, guarding the fair private and public law relations, and embodying this prohibition “to adjudicate against justice”. The focus is on the concepts of the ancient Roman iustitia, defined through its connections with the grounds of mos maiorum (the customs of the ancestors), with ancient Roman valour (virtus Romana), with freedom (libertas), with civil and personal dignity (dignitas), with the community benefit (communis utilitas) and with the common good (bonum commune), with justice and law (ius and lex), Whose ultimate goal is the just retribution of “giving each one his own” (“suum cuique tribuere”). The article also analyzes the complex metamorphoses that Roman legal moral concepts of justice and valoуr underwent (iustitia и virtus), following the transformations in the Roman values system and in the perceptions of Romanitas, accompanied by the processes of barbarisation and reception of Roman law (ius Romanum) after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476.

Мерки за регулиране на брачните отношения по българските земи през ХІХ век

Author(s): Daniela Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2015

This article aims to clarify the reasons that necessitate the preparation of orders, messages and statutes regulating marriage, premarital and marital agreements. The information is collected from Codes of bishoprics record books of Bulgarian parishes and correspondences from the National Revival press. The study shows that regulations and orders issued by all institutions of authority, suggesting the existence of a common vision for the development of society. The main goal of the requirements is to establish a balance in relations by freeing poorer families from the financial burden of the wedding.

Просвещението и културното развитие на Перущица в края на ХIХ-тото и първите години на ХХ-тото столетие

Author(s): Kresa Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2015

After Bulgaria’s Liberation, Perushtitsa, during the late 19th and early 20th century, endeavours to revive its traditions in the economical and spiritual development, inherited from the Bulgarian Revival Period. The statistical data and the lists of students in the school books of the three schools in Perushtitsa at that time, show the striving of Perushtitsa’s population for education. The Council of Elders, with its insisting on the procurement of textbooks and other school materials, and most of all, the hiring of well-educated teachers, practicing educational techniques contemporary for the time, predetermine the optimal results in the schools and the appearance of the village.

Башлар и неговите вълшебства

Author(s): Jean Libis / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The article presents a sincere and personal view of Bachelard’s philosophy and his place in the philosophical community.

Празникът на освобождението в българския национален календар

Author(s): Svetlozar Eldarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

In 1990, The Day of Liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman Yoke was proclaimed a national holiday, which is honoured on 3 March. On this date (19 February after the old Julian calendar), in 1878, the Peace Treaty of San Stefano was signed, which put an end to the Russian-Turkish War. A quarter of a century already, instead of playing the function of a symbol of national unity, this national holiday turns into an arena of acute confrontation between the political powers in the country, polarized between euroatlantism and russophilia. The retrospective overview of the commemoration of this holiday of the Bulgarian national calendar since 1878, provided by the paper, reveals that it has always been so. During each relatively detached period of Bulgarian historical development, the holiday on 19 February/3 March has always been used as an instrument to split Bulgarian society and State between East and West.

Нови сведения за живота и дейността на архимандрит Хрисант Самоковски (1800–1871)

Author(s): Maria Polimirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

Hrisant Samokovsky (1800–1871) is one of the few well known Bulgarian Renaissance churchmans. He studies at the Theofilos Kayris School on Andros island and serves in the Patriarchate of Constantinople. From 1847 to 1858, Hrisant is the Archimandrite of the Greek Ekaterininski Monastery in Kiev. In this period he is the most influential Bulgarian in Kiev and supports a lot of Bulgarian students at the Kiev Spiritual Academy. Archimandrite Hrisant is mentioned in letters and memories of the renowned Renaissance brothers Miladinovi, brothers Mustakovi, Ivan Seliminski, Vassil Cholakov and Stanislav Dospevski. Unfortunately there is no specific study about him. Therefore, based on indirect information from published sources, and mainly unpublished documents from his personal fund (Stored in the Bulgarian Historical Archive of the National Library “St. St. Cyril and Methodius” in Sofia), we are trying to recover his biography.

Спорен ли е въпросът за спорните църкви в Македония

Author(s): Rositsa Lelyova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

The years after the Ilinden Uprising put to the test the overall work of the Exarchate in Macedonia. One of the levers by which the Ottoman authority tried to sabotage the process of consolidation of the Bulgarian element in the provinces was the principle of preserving the ecclesiastical status quo. After the uprising many villages started leaving the Patriarchate and passing under the jurisdiction of the Exarchate. That was an increasing trend which pushed to the fore the question of the ownership of churches and schools. For many years the problem remained unsolved by the government, whose policy was to maintain the idea on confrontation between patriarchists and exarchists. And after the Young Turk revolution of July 1908 the issue remained on the agenda and the government continued to apply the familiar tactic of delay and transfer of responsibility in this case to the parliament. The decision was taken as late as the summer of 1910 with the adoption of the Law of contentious churches and schools. Although its provisions did not fully meet the legitimate expectations of Bulgarians, they regulated a solution to a problem which albeit artificially created and maintained by the government was quite pressing for the population in the provinces.

Българската православна църква и Вторият ватикански събор (1962–1965 г.)

Author(s): Rumen Vatashki / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

Through the prism of Bulgarian church history and its links with the Roman Catholic world, the author outlines the wide range of issues that were addressed at the Second Vatican Council (XXI Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church), which largely shaped the development of theological thought in the second half of 20th century. The article also focuses on the Vatican’s active diplomacy during the period under review and on the internal discussions between the local Orthodox churches, which led to a more open dialogue and increased interest in the work of the Council.

Мястото на китайската класика в българската хуманитаристика след 1878 г.

Author(s): Tien Dziendzyung / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

The article is of an overviewing and analytical nature and traces the Chinese classical works published in Bulgaria since 1878 – works written down to the end of the Qing Dynasty (1911), in the sphere of culture, literature, philosophy – as well as publications of Bulgarian authors in the field of classical Chinese culture. The introductory part summarizes the specificity of the Chinese classic published in Bulgaria, taking into account the different forms and genres of Chinese works as well as the translated literature, including translations from third languages. Factors influencing the intensity of its spread are also analyzed. The study attempts to periodicise and classify Chinese classics published in Bulgaria. The materials discussed are arranged in chronological order in several distinct periods: from the beginning of the 20th century until the Second World War; The time of the Second World War; 1950s; From the mid-1960s to the late 1970s; The 1980s and 1990s, after the 2000s until today. Special attention is given to the creation of the Chinese specialty in Bulgaria as well as to Bulgarian authors and researchers related to the Chinese classics – Bora Belivanova, Lencho Dimitrov, Krum Atsev, Sofia Katarova, Evgeniy Karaulanov, Aleksandar Aleksiev, Mariana Malinova, Teodora Koutzarova, etc. In the final part of the study, the number and frequency of the publication of works related to the distribution of Chinese classics in Bulgaria are outlined and the enormous difficulties in finding them are revealed.

Преобразуване на византийския Адрианопол в османския Одрин (ХІV‒ХVІ в.)

Author(s): Stefan Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

Based on unpublished Ottoman tax registers (tapu tahrir defteri) kept at the Ottoman archives in Istanbul, the article examines the process of transformation of the Byzantine town of Adrianople into the Ottoman Edirne; the change in the architectural and ethnical and confessional layout of the city; the location of a part of the Muslim and Christian population and of the urban quarters inhabited by them; the Jewish communities and the dynamics in the quantitative indicators of the registered households; the condition, designation and functions of the ancient and medieval fortress of Adrianople and the way in which it fitted into the new Ottoman urban setting. Having surrendered voluntarily the fortress of Adrianople to the Ottoman, the Christian population was granted the right to continue to reside in its quarters in its interior. In the 16th century massive communities of Christian citizens inhabited the space among the fortress walls of the Byzantine fortress and the majority of their neighborhoods were situated around churches and bore the name of the respective church, while others were named after their current or former priests. Upon the conquest of the city by the Ottoman troops some of the churches in the fortress were turned into mosques for the purpose of demonstrating the dominant position of Islam and meeting the spiritual needs of the Muslim population. After the takeover of Edirne the Muslim population settled outside the walls of the ancient and medieval fortress, where it set up its neighborhoods. Besides Muslims and Christians many Jews continued to live in the city as well. They included romaniotes as well as Jews from the sepharadim and ashkenazim groups.

Туискон Цилер (1817 – 1882) – големият „грешник“ в педагогиката (по повод 200 години от неговото рождение)

Author(s): Albena Chavdarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2017

Ziller as a Herbartianer representative is one among the few pedagogues who “has not been treated fairly by historiography”. He has been strongly criticized for historical stage or culture epoch theory in child development, the theory of concentration in studies and the five formal steps of introduction. At the same time his wide innovative work contributes a lot to ascertain the autonomy of pedagogical science in order to occupy its deserved place as a university study which in combination with the pedagogical practice to stand as a fundamental base of teacher’s professional preparation.

Професионалните сдружения в Западна Централна България през XIX век

Author(s): Georgi D. Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2017

This article is devoted to the structures and frameworks of the professional associations in West Central Bulgaria during the XIX century. The guild-embedded professional life of Bulgarians in the region reveals itself rich in various influences, resulting from migrations, wars, politics, religious life. Each guild owned a complex of traditions, rules, beliefs and cult of a patron saint, particularities, sets of connections and secret slangs, often jealously guarded by its members. The guilds` mutual funds, just like those of the church communities played a key role in the supply of credit to production and trade. The difference is found in the relative amount of supply, which is lesser within the guilds.

Минало и съвремие на Югоизточна Европа през погледа на младите учени

Author(s): Nikolay Poppetrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2017

Strip u socijalizmu: Kapitalistički šund ili edukativno štivo?

Author(s): Haris Cerić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2015

Considering that making a comprehensive overview of the role of comics in all former socialist regimes would imply a research adventure per se, i.e. an adventure that largely goes beyond what was written in this text, this piece of work will try in a lapidary fashion to present relationship between the socialist establishment and comics in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia throughout different periods of its existence. In the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the comics threaded its way through being characterized as disputed mass culture capitalistic media, over to proselyte educational literature, and finally to the media that completely legitimately, in creative and emphatic way, stands shoulder to shoulder with the greatest cultural achievements.

ХУДОЖНЄ ОФОРМЛЕННЯ МАСОВИХ СВЯТ КИЄВА РАДЯНСЬКОГО ПЕРІОДУ: 60–80-і роки ХХ ст.

Author(s): Iryna Maslova-Lysychkina / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2014

In the article are researched peculiarities of mass celebrations setting in 60-80's of the XX century in Kyiv. There is established that mass celebrations in Kyiv had mainly state and official character of the period. In this regard the setting of celebrations (posters, banners, portraits, stands, musical accompaniment and theatrical performance) subordinated to the ideological content and had propagandistic trend.The article outlines that the Soviet past of Ukraine further largely continues to define our mentality, mode of life, pattern of behavior in society. One of those Soviet "remnants" in Ukrainian society is some mass celebrations. It is states that in general the phenomenon of mass celebrations is an important part of social and cultural realities of our time and used as a communication technology, as a method of consolidation of various communities and way of broadcasting a variety of social ideas.The aim of the article is the study of specific setting of mass celebrations in Kyiv during Soviet period in 60-80 years of the XX century.The most developed in domestic scientific researches is ethno-cultural aspect of holiday phenomenon (V. Borysenko, M. Havryluk, M. Zakovych, S. Zubkov, O. Kurochkin, P. Sokolov, I. Sukhanov). Holiday as a social phenomenon studied Y. Belousov, D. Genkin, K. Zhyhulskyy, A. Mazaev, E. Kaverina, A. Nekrylova, O. Nemyro, A. Piotrowski, V. Propp, S. Turin, D. Uhrynovych, N. Hrenov, O. Shcherbynin, and L. Shumikhina. Specificity of holiday as a symbolic form of culture reveals O. Popravko. In scientific studies of T. Gayevska and J. Slutskaya holidays analyzed as a part of Soviet culture. Some aspects of mass celebrations setting in Eastern Ukraine in the 60's and 80's of the XX century studied O. Penkova.At the beginning the article proved that mass celebrations played an important role in Soviet culture. Besides the entertainment function they had ideological significance. Soviet ideologists V. Lenin, N. Krupska, A. Lunacharsky and others emphasized the importance of consolidation official and national celebrations as a part of cultural state development and ideological activities. Since the early 60's of the XX century began a new stage in the development of mass celebrations, which were caused by profound political changes in the Soviet Union after the 20th Congress of the Communist Party. According to the O. Penkova’s research in this period, "the state returns to human beings at the first time". However, mass celebrations in the USSR kept its state and political character. The state established official holidays and was trying to turn them into public tradition. According to the Decree of the USSR Supreme Soviet "About the holidays and memorable dates" from the 1st of October 1980 to the category of nationwide celebrations were included the anniversary of the October Revolution – on 7–8 November, V. Lenin's Birthday – on 22 April, International Day of Worker's Solidarity (Labour Day) – on 1–2 May, Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 – on 9 May, USSR Constitution Day – on 7 October, National Day of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – on 30 December, Day of the Soviet Army and Navy – on 23 February, International Women's Day – on 8 March.Then the article passes to the statement that the state established official holidays and was trying to turn them into public tradition. The special feature of these key holidays was a clear organization that carried out by apparatus structures of the Communist Party. Commissions were engaged in preparation for the holiday, which were created in all steps of the party vertical. The trade unions, The Young Communist League (komsomol), the administrations of enterprises and institutions also carried out decisions of the party apparatus. The basic forms of the mass celebrations were meetings and demonstrations during the 60-80's of the XX century in Kyiv. Together with parades of various kinds (military, sports, etc.) they were the main forms of expression festive aesthetics of the Soviet era. Involvement to the celebration of state holidays began with early childhood. The main form of mass state holidays in Kyiv were demonstrations of workers that took place on the 7th of November and the 1st of May. The celebration of the 1500th anniversary of Kyiv in 1982 became a significant mass celebration in Kyiv in the Soviet period as well.In the conclusions is revealed that setting of mass celebrations is closely associated with ideological content of the Soviet period (the 60-70's of the XX century). In Kyiv such mass celebrations as Victory Day, May Day, Day of the October Revolution and others necessarily were held in the form of meetings and demonstrations. At the time of the events constantly were used state symbols, portraits of leaders and senior communist party leaders, Heroes of the Great Patriotic War and the Socialist Labor. In order to ensure solemnity and emotionality in the setting of mass celebrations were applied large stands depicting the Kyiv emblem or symbols of Kyiv enterprises. Banners with slogans, posters, music of patriotic character, elements of theatrical performances involving athletics and choreographic groups were also widely used.