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První světová válka v díle fráni šrámka

Author(s): Iveta Bůžková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The cruel experience from the First World War was reflected in the work of a number of Czech writers. Fráňa Šrámek was one of the participants in battles at the front and his personal experience from the war left its mark on him. The article deals with Šrámek’s prose as well as drama work which has war and war topics in the foreground. We believe that this issue has not yet been sufficiently addressed. Dramas including “Hagenbek”, “Zvony” and “Soud”, a collection of stories“Žasnoucí voják”, selected letters from the war “Listy z fronty”, and a novel called “Tělo” will be researched. The aim of the article is to introduce Fráňa Šrámek not only as a poet of “youth” but to show to what extent the war experience was reflected in his work.

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1900 – NENÁPADNÝ ODCHOD JEDNOHO MUŽE. KONEC KARIÉRY PRVNÍHO ŘEDITELE NÁRODNÍHO DIVADLA F. A. ŠUBERTA VE SPOLEČENSKO-KULTURNÍM KONTEXTU

Author(s): Otto Drexler / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

František Adolf Šubert, Director of the National Theatre from 1883 to 1900, was one of the first managers of Czech culture. With his organisational talent and ability to enter into public affairs, he put the idea of a national theatre into practice; an institution which is not only a place for staging first-rate productions, but above all a centre for the whole society. He managed to come up with strategies to bring new social groups to the theatre, as well as people outside of Prague - anywhere where residents identified themselves as being Czech. In this respect, an important role was played not only by the theatre trains, but also by the involvement of the theatre in large events such as jubilees and ethnological exhibitions. No less significant was the staging of unusual productions for less affluent groups. However, from its very opening the theatre had to face criticism from a host of theatre critics over the poor quality of its repertoire and its general orientation. Often the contradictory nature of the criticisms precluded the possibility of addressing them, and today it raises the question as to what extent the expectations of the professional public created adequate conditions for the National Theatre to operate in.

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Využitie cestopisného žánru pri propagovaní česko-slovenskej vzájomnosti u Rudolfa Pokorného

Author(s): Jana Bujnáková / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The author of the study elucidates the travelogue as a genre, imagology, and Czech-Slovak relations. She links these topics towards the end where she explores the spread of Czech-Slovak reciprocity via travelogues. The main emphasis of the research is put on a selected travelogue, Wanderings across Slovakia written by Rudolf Pokorný, that provides a basis for this work. Pokorný analyses the mutual relations behind Czech- -Slovak reciprocity that have been influenced by the historical development and the socio- -political situation in the last third of 19th century. However, it was the language that was a key to the understanding of this relationship. This extensive two-part travelogue contains a considerable number of plausible records, that elucidate and illustrate not only personal contacts and relations among individual representatives of national life, but they also represent a valuable historical material in connection with ethnography and the authentic life of ordinary Slovak people.

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Anna Horáková-Gašparíková v kontexte česko-slovenskej historiografie

Author(s): Hana Hrancová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The aim of the research is to include Anna Horáková-Gašparíková in the context of Czech-Slovak historiography and to analyse her historical work with the intention to point out the fact that her work is predominated by factography, objectivity and a historical-documentary line. The subject of the analysis is her work published by the press, unpublished articles and notes regarding historical works deposited in the Literary Archives of the Slovak National Library in Martin. At the same time, it is about pointing out relations with the representatives of the current scientific scene which influenced her work. As a source document for the analysis of Anna Horáková-Gašparíková’s contacts with the historical community, we used diaries from the Masaryk family house, taking into account that they were written by the author herself and thus they are subjective to a large extent. In the paper, we point out that Anna Horáková-Gašparíková was more of a historian than a writer and in her historical works, the facts prevail over her significant literary talent.

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Leoš Janáček a jeho kompoziční metoda neofolklorismu K 90. výročí úmrtí skladatele

Author(s): Miloš Schnierer / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper follows the means that formed Janáček´s originál compositional technique. It comes from the environment of Janáček´s birthplace (Hukvaldy), its dialect and musical folklore. He follows Janáček as a collector of moravian folklore, studying tunes and rhytmhs of speach. Based on the harmoniously harmonic features of folklor and builds its style in shaping the view of the structure and concept of opera as a musically dramatic work. Hence his radical neofolklorism applicable to stage and concert works, which promarily do not contain the charakteristic features of the creative folklore orientation.

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«МОСКВА - ПЕТУШКИ» ВЕН. ЕРОФЕЕВА: ОПЬЯНЕВШЕЕ ВОССТАНИЕ ПРОТИВ СОВЕТСКОЙ ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ. БОРЬБА РАБА-БУНТОВЩИКА ЗА СВОБОДУ ДУШИ И ЕЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТ

Author(s): Martyna Sienkiewicz / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In V. Erofeev’s Moscow–Petushki, the main character is both a rebel and a slave who cannot find himself. Venichka does not understand the Soviet reality or its rules. Because of his bipolar disorder, he resists the broken system and submits to it at the same time. This paradoxical behaviour is seen as typical of people who grew up under the communist regime. Drinking is for him an attempt to escape the suffering brought by the Soviet system: Venichka js trying to save his soul and ideals. On one hand, he is too weak to fight the system in earnest, and, on the other hand, he cannot fully agree with it and become a devoted servant of the state. In the end, he is defeated and killed.

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Pre-industrial landscape of the Jeseníky region as a natural and cultural heritage

Author(s): Jaromír Kolejka,Eva Nováková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Small parcels of agricultural land are rare in the present landscape of Czech Republic and become the subject of interests of the state protection of the nature, the landscape and the environment. At the same time, such areas represent interesting subjects for the local administration as attractive tourist object. In the historical territory of Moravia (the eastern 1/3 of the Czech Republic), a regional inventory of areas with preserved ancient land use structure was carried out on all individual cadastral territories (focused not only on small parcels, but also on large aristocratic estates on agricultural and forest land originated before the main wave of industrial revolution Moravia, before 1850. The sites are still subjects to topic economic pressure on land consolidation. Their existence in the future is under threat and is decreasing every year both in number and size. The inventory results are presented on example of the Jeseniky region.

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„Zamknięty świat samobójstwa” – opowiadanie Fiodora Dostojewskiego "Potulna"

Author(s): Mirosława Michalska-Suchanek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Apart from inherently associated with Fyodor Dostoyevsky ‘calculated’ egoistic, fatalistic and escapist suicides became one of the major themes in the writer’s work. The article attempts to analyze the image of the title character of the story titled "Potulna", which combines the features of both types of suicidal death. The starting point for the analysis is the writer’s belief that the suicide is situated in the center of the “suicidogenic space”, understood as the whole of dynamically growing circumstances and conditions that, extended in time, determine the final solution. The true meaning of suicide is constituted through the process of cognition, and the final act itself is the tragic culmination of a tangle of interrelated factors.

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O różnicach w podejmowaniu decyzji ostatecznej

Author(s): Halszka Witkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The text addresses the process of making decisions about taking one’s own life, depending on whether it is a decision made individually or influenced by the behaviour of the community. The examples given are the suicides of nineteenth-century Russian skoptsy, whose decisions were made not only under the pressure of time, but also thanks to a charismatic leader. On the other hand, the author presents the thoughts expressed by Venedikt Yerofeyev, who describes in an accurate and literary manner his feelings related to making decisions about death. What is the function of time in making the final decision? Is suicide always related to loneliness? And finally, can the idea of taking one’s own life be a result of imitation? The author of the essay tries to answer these and several other questions, which not only concerns the decision-making process to take one’s own life, but above all points to the importance of time in it.

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Realizm – między kąpielą, brakiem nazwiska i omnibusem

Author(s): Filip Mazurkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the text, I ask a question about the status of realism in 19th-century realistic literature in a situation where it is subjected to various social or moral taboos, as well as to political and patriotic censorship. In this theoretical circle, I try to include the problem of representing suicide in those texts, adding to it the parameter of biopolitics.

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Izolacja

Author(s): Katarzyna Szymańska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The present paper approaches the self-destruction mechanisms in Thomas Bernhard’s prose works – at the level of the construction of characters, language and the image of the disintegrating world and objects. The protagonists stay in places of extreme isolation, which is both a prison and a salvation, and they put their own destruction (die Selbstzerstörung) under obsessive control. The existence of these disturbances (die Störungen) in the analyzed texts has a psychological but also a historiosophical basis.

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Sto lat!

Author(s): Piotr Nowak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Culture in Poland is the „ground” and all highest values are grounded in it, which was testified by a number of historical events. First of all, it is over one hundred and twenty years of geographical and political non-existence the Poles endured thanks to the highest culture, thanks to the works of the world’s greatest poets. Polish Poets are the greatest of the greatest and – therefore – completely untranslatable, which means – peculiar and national. They are extremly important for us, Poles, and urgently needed, indispensable. At the same time, Polish poetry has always bordered on self-destruction. The Holy Trinity „God, Honor, Homeland” demanded from poetry to be a victim (Polish Romanticism). Let’s wish her another hundred years!

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Samobójstwa mniejszości narodowych w Poznaniu w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

Author(s): Adam Czabański / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Polish nationality was dominant among the inhabitants of Poznań during the interwar period. Moreover, the German, Jewish and Ukrainian populations belonged to the national minorities. Research has shown that the share of suicides of national minorities in Poznań amounted to 7.7 percent. 40 people of German nationality, 13 people of Jewish nationality and 10 people of Ukrainian nationality committed suicide. The research obtained information on gender, age, marital status, profession and methods of committing suicide by representatives of national minorities in Poznań.

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Samobójstwa honorowe kobiet na Bliskim Wschodzie

Author(s): Weronika Śliwowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article investigates the issue of high suicide rates among females in the Middle East. The paper explains the specificity of the region mainly on the example of Turkey, which is the best described and researched country of the Middle East. The work describes the influence of various cultural and social factors, as well as the role of traditional values, in the context of self-destructive behaviour. The article additionally analyses films and works of literature, which endeavour to discuss the issues of women living in an oppressive, patriarchal society. Finally, the author describes the causes, methods of suicide and ways of preventing them.

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Niech mnie piekło pochłonie!

Author(s): Ewa Rudnicka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject of the article is contemporary curses/swear words in the form of schematic formulas, which in fact are also self-destructive desires (e.g. niech mnie drzwi ścisną). The aim of the considerations is to present the results of observations of contemporary linguistic customs in the use of wishful self-destructive formulas and to discuss the most important changes within the Polish custom of cursing oneself, taking into account the original, magical function of curses and the sphere of the sacred.

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Samobójstwo w Wilkowyjach – analiza sposobu przedstawienia prób samobójczych w serialu „Ranczo”

Author(s): Karol Milczarek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Adopting a suicidological perspective, the author analyses one of the recent Polish pop-culture phenomena – “Ranczo” – a comedy series directed by Wojciech Adamczyk. He describes the ways of presenting several types of self-destructive behaviors, but focuses on the scenes of suicidal attempts and their classification and comparison. Taking historical context into account enables the author to explain particular esthetic and fabular choices. Finally, he explores ethical implications of creating a specific image of suicide in “Ranczo”.

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"Mój ziom się powiesił w Sylwestra"

Author(s): Maciej Grzenkowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Mata is one of the most popular rappers in Poland and a voice of young Polish upper classes. This article describes his history and characterizes his work, analyzing his songs in order to find the main self-destructive behaviours and reasons for them in Mata’s discourse. The author lists two main types of behaviour – suicide ideation with suicide attempts and extensive use of psychoactive substances – and two main reasons, which are the family relations and the hegemonic pressure to be productive. He also interprets Mata’s works as a proposal to form of a social class alternative to the contemporary intelligentsia, that is: patointelligentsia, which, by its critical approach towards contemporary cultural-political hegemony would be able to lead to the dialogue and improvement of the situation of the youth.

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Samobójstwo osób w kryzysie bezdomności w Polsce

Author(s): Dominika Filipowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author analyses the problem of suicide death among homeless people in Poland. Since there is little research concerning this particular problem in Poland, she focuses on the case of Grzegorz Laskowski, a homeless man who committed suicide in 2014. By analysing his blog entries, she tries to find the reasons which could have pushed him to the decision to commit suicide. This particular case is only a starting point for further considerations regarding possible risk factors in homelessness. Laskowski’s blog provides us with a unique insight into a homeless man’s perspective on suicide.

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Groza wiatru

Author(s): Zofia Kowalczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article’s aim is to inquire whether the halny wind affects suicidal behaviours in Tatra County. It analyses the region’s literature on the wind and its influence on the community; documentary and feature films depicting life in Zakopane; research on the correlation between the foehn winds and suicides; a survey conducted for this purpose; and interviews conducted with the people of Zakopane. The outcome of this analysis is an observation of reconceptualization of the halny and its legend as a pretext for avoidance of both further discourse about it and design of preventive programs.

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Zjawisko suicide survivors – konsekwencje samobójstwa oraz postwencja w przypadku kontaktu ze śmiercią samobójczą

Author(s): Aleksandra Brągiel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

With the growing interest in the suicide phenomenon, more and more information on intervention and social education has emerged over the past decades. A fuller understanding of the topic of self-destruction along with helping people in a suicidal crisis and their relatives may contribute to reducing the number of sudden deaths. Through a review of research and specialist literature, the work explains the phenomenon of suicide survivors and presents how suicide affects people in the suicide’s environment. Moreover, it distinguishes needs of suicide-bereaved families. It also emphasizes what forms of help may be effective for people who come into contact with suicide and deal with grief as a result of it.

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