За някои трудности, които срещат регионалните музеи при приложението на Закона за културното наследство

Author(s): Vanya Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Some of the individual aspects of the quoted problem have already been the topic of discussion in specialized publications after the adoption of the Cultural Heritage Act (CHA) and the ensuing secondary legislation (regulations, rules, classifier of basic museum occupations). They include articles, reviews or opinions (including online) along with a monograph devoted to the overall activity of regional historical museums in Bulgaria.The issues already outlined include the mechanisms of museums’ financing; a museum director’s nomination and possible dependences; in/adequate levels of competence of local authorities in the field of tangible and intangible cultural heritage; an absence of unified museum software and delaying digitalization of artefacts; an actually non-existent Register of artefacts that are national wealth.It is also possible to add: inadequate (or in fact missing) professional background of a large number of employees in the museums’ staff; absence of precise and more specific obligatory qualifications (theoretical education and practical skills) at the national level, in order to be appointed at the main positions in the museums; unjustifiably high or insufficiently clear criteria for inclusion in the various types of registers that should be established pursuant to the requirements of CHA, etc.

Changes and Differentiations in the Organization of Handmade Production

Author(s): Daniel Drápala / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In terms of how the rural and small-town populations earned their livelihood, the repeated penetration by external impetuses can be observed in the example of the organization of handmade production. The natural process of technological improvements (whether this was gradual or in leaps) blended with other economic and social factors, innovations, fashion, and the discovery of wider sale territories.

Peddlery

Author(s): Daniel Drápala / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The principles of cultural integrity can be recognized in the operation of some specific professions as well. During the 18th century, there was a gradual increase in the volume of clerical work dealing with peddlery, especially peddling trade, in Central Europe. The state administration and the bureaucratic apparatus of lower degrees simply responded to the fact that villages and towns were visited nearly daily by peddlers offering goods or services.

Territorial Differentness

Author(s): Roman Doušek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the second half of the 19th century, the attention of ethnographic researchers was drawn to local variations in the same phenomena within folk culture. By the end of the century, the first typologies in accordance with this point of view were compiled in the Czech lands. This tendency to compiletypologies corresponded to the view of the social sciences and culture at that time, which stressed the interrelation between specific cultural phenomena and the demarcated geographical areas where these phenomena were often found.

Typology of Folk Houses

Author(s): Miroslav Válka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the past, folk architecture varied due to a number of factors. Natural conditions, use of accessible materials, reflections of different styles, historical turning points (mainly in the form of waves of colonization), the historic, social, and economic contexts that initiated the inception of human settlements or urban landscapes were all engaged to some extent in the differentiation process,the result of which was a unique, and sometimes unmistakable, architecture of human settlements in individual areas of Moravia.

DMITRI ȘOSTAKOVICI ȘI CREAȚIA SA. PREZENTARE GENERALĂ

Author(s): Sebastian Vîrtosu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

According to the spirit of the age (zeitgeist) in the musical art of the twentieth century are shown the searches, the innovations brought and the constant struggle of the pioneers against the tradition of the old masters. Atonalism, for example, was promoted as a reaction to the tonal system considered obsolete, unable to satisfactorily reflect the new features of modern society. Serialism is, without a doubt, the most faithful expression or mirror of the industrialized, automated society, of the entry of machinery into people's lives, robotizing, and finally, dehumanizing the human being. Serialism, by the unchanging order of the string of notes in the musical composition, strongly suggests the inflexibility and automatism of the machines started with the industrial revolution. Dodecaphonism reflects the strong socialist and communist egalitarian movements. Just as all men were to be equal in rights, so the 12 notes in a range had an equal right to manifest themselves in full, and any of them could be the concluding center of a composition. There was no such thing as tonalism. If the center was, for example, the D major, the work could only be completed on the re note, not on any of the twelve notes. Slowly but surely, each new current will generate more and more ruptures, destroying the unity of tradition in smaller and smaller parts, thus reflecting the atomization of modern society, in hundreds and thousands of social groups, professional, cultural, or religious. From this perspective, we intend to present a brief summary of Dmitri Shostakovich's creation.

Proizvođenje Stare Srbije: stopama putopisca, tragom folklora

Author(s): Srđan Atanasovski / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

In this paper I analyse the travelogues from Old Serbia, which were a developed literary genre in Serbia at the end of the long nineteenth century, as a mechanism of vindicating the territorial claims of the discourse of Serbian nationalism. In the period when the portrayed lands were under Ottoman rule and deemed inaccessible to most of the Serbian population, which regarded them as the core of their national territory, these travelogues were unique way for the public to gain first-hand information about these lands. After a brief historical overview of the development of the genre, I analyse the literary mechanism through which these lands were efficiently labeled as Serbian. I particularly discuss the importance of scientific data copiously provided in the travelogues, on the issues of languages, customs, etc.

Marina e Bokës

Author(s): Tatjana Zambata / Language(s): Albanian Publication Year: 0

Edukimi i popullsisë rome në Mal të Zi

Author(s): Igor Radulović / Language(s): Albanian Publication Year: 0

Metodologija predavanja kulturne istorije manjina i manjinskih nacionalnih zajednica u Crnoj Gori

Author(s): Rade Vujović / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Čovječanstvo se tokom svog evolutivnog razvoja kretalo u raznim pravcima uslovljeno, prije svega, prirodnim faktorima, stvarajući sporo ali sigurno prve civilizacije – kulture starog istoka koje će, preko Krita i Mikene, rezultirati grčkom i rimskom (antičkom) kulturom kao temeljem evropske civilizacije.

Bokeljska mornarica

Author(s): Tatjana Zambata / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Fešta Sv. Tripuna – zaštitnik grada i bratovština Bokeljska mornarica

Author(s): Martina Saulačić Lompar,Marija Saulačić / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Obrazovanje romske populacije na prostoru Crne Gore

Author(s): Igor Radulović / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

ULICA IZETA SARAJLIĆA U SARAJEVU

Author(s): Sinan Gudžević / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

O Izetu Sarajliću mi valja govoriti u ovoj Akademiji, čiji je on bio član, a za jedanaest godina se od njegove smrti oko njegova djela i oko života reklo krupnih riječi. On je bio i moj prijatelj, a prijatelj je bio i sa skoro svima koji za ovim stolom sjedite. I sam sam učestvovao u jednoj vrsti žestokog posmrt - nog govora o njemu, te tim svojim prilogom svakako i izazvao nešto žestokih i krupnih riječi. Ni jedne od tih riječi koje sam napisao i objavio o tome kako je jedan dio intelektualne družine, sa konformizma i pokvarenosti, posmrtno vrijeđao pjesnika i čovjeka Izeta Sarajlića, ja se ne odričem. Takvima se, odavde, ja ne obraćam. U odgovor na ono što su, povodom Izeta Sarajlića, a naslovljeno na mene, već objavili, pripremam cijelu knjigu, i čim je završim, ja ću je na objavljivanje ponuditi, u Sarajevu.

ЗАВИJA МАХМУД-БЕГА У ИХТИМАНУ

Author(s): Aleksanadar Antonov / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Die Arbeit behandelt den Ursprung der multifunktionalen Bauten, deren Bauplan die Form des auf den Kopf gestallten Buchstabens T hat, und den typischen Vetreter der Bauten dieses Typs in der Stadt Ihtiman. Die Vorzüge dieser Bauten liegen in der Tatsache, dass nur ein Teil für Gebete benutzt wurde, während man in anderen Teilen des Gebäudes dauerhaft wohnen konnte. Das ist der Grund, warum diese Gebäude als Zavias und nicht als Moscheen entworfen wurde. Das architektonische Denkmal, das hier analysiert wird, kann man an das Ende des 14. Jahrhunderts ansetzen und es befindet sich neben einem der Hauptwege, die die Balkanhalbinsel durchschneide – Via Militaris (Orta Kol). Ursprünglich gewährten diese Gebäude den Riesenden und Soldaten Schutz, wie auch aus originellen Inschriften auf einer anderen Zavia in Komotina zu sehen ist. Erst viel später wurde die Zavia in Ihtiman in eine Moschee verwandelt. Ihre architektonischen Besonderheiten und ihre Bedeutung für die Entwicklung der frühosmanischen Architektur sind im Einzelnen beschrieben worden. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt ihrer Bedeutung als einem Zentrum, das der Verbreitung des Islams und der Übernahme der Kontrolle über den christlichen Raum diente. Das Ende der osmanischen Eroberungen im 16. Jahrhundert und die Veränderungen in Derwischorden, die von der Zentralregierung aufgezwungen wurden, hatten zur Folge, dass die Zavia ihre Bedeutung verloren – was wiederum nicht bedeutet, dass der Bau der Objekte in der Form des auf den Kopf gestellten Buchstabens T gestoppt wurde. Ein Beispiel dafür ist die 1531 erbaute Gazi-Husrev-Beg-Moschee in Sarajevo. Sie wurde von Adzhem Esir Ali entworfen, und sie hat denselben architektonischen Plan, auch wenn sie nur die Funktion einer Moschee hat.

Generace v literární vědě, jejich sláva a traumata

Author(s): Ivo Pospíšil / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The author of the present article deals with the lives of several generations of literary scholars and critics in the Czech, Ukrainian and Russian environment in hard times of Stalinism and post-Stalinist periods (the periods of thaw, glasnost and perestroika, after the fall of the U.S.S.R.) covering the time span from the 1950s up to the present day. The main aim of this treatise consists in the comparison of all the three cultural and scholarly environment under approximately the same regimes, the analysis of the ideological impact interfering in the intrinsic methodology of literary criticism at the material of the memoirs of several Czech, Ukrainian, and Russian literary scholars and critics. Though the working conditions of literary criticism in all the mentioned countries were not favourable, the critics have more or less successfully overcome various ideological obstacles and reached the scholarly results which cannot be ignored even nowadays; due to their quality, the contemporary critics cannot do without them. The memoir texts written by two outstanding Czech specialists in Russian studies, by an Ukrainian literary scholar and by a Russo-Ukrainian literary critic demonstrate the complicated social and working conditions, the confused functioning of “thick“ literary journals in Soviet times during the thaw period and after 1970. The author of the present article comes to the conclusion that every scholarly generation has its fame and traumas; it has always depended on the quality of its work, creativity and vital energy and on all the social and political obstacles so that the results of scholarly work might preserve its inspiring value worth attention for both present and forthcoming generations.

FACT AND ALLEGORY: TWO POLES IN THE REPRESENTATION OF WAR (ON THE EXAMPLE OF “WAR’S UNWOMANLY FACE” BY S. ALEXIEVICH AND “THE CURSED AND THE SLAIN” BY V. ASTAFIEV)

Author(s): Olga Jilevich,Olga Gubskaya / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The military actions of the 20th century (Revolutions, the First and Second World Wars, the Cold War, the war in Kosovo, Chechnya, Iraq) left a terrifying mark on the history. The article discusses traditional and innovative forms of recreating the military context in the Russian and Russophone Belarusian military prose on the example of V. Astafiev and S. Alexievich’s works.

Strossmayerova jihoslovanská knihovna

Author(s): Katerina Kolářová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Based on the materials of the period and available information from Prague libraries, the author of the article tries to capture the formation and development of Strossmayer’s South Slavic Library - the Czechoslovak-South Slavic League cultivated mutual Czechoslovak-Yugoslavian relationships in inter-war Czechoslovakia. The focus is on its functioning, goals, and generally on its development - which was not always ideal. It also maps its acquisitions, reading rooms and other activities, and tackles the limits and issues it was facing and which hindered its further development and full functionality. The author also outlines the story of the library before and after the WWII and also how - probably by accident - it served well its original goal: deepening the Czechoslovak-Yugoslavian or Czech-Bosnian relationships.

RUSKÝ EXILOVÝ ČASOPIS СИНТАКСИС (1978-2001, PAŘÍŽ) A PLURALISMUS ANDREJE SIŇAVSKÉHO

Author(s): Anna Danielová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The subject of this research paper is (1978-2001, Paris), a Russian exile literary journal. The journal, founded in 1978 Paris by Andrey Sinyavskiy (1925-1997) and his wife Maria Rozanova (*1929), shaped fundamentally the intellectual life and literary culture of the so‐called third‐wave emigration in the 1970s and 1980s. Andrey Sinyavskiy’s essays published in during this period play central role in the research. An analysis of his work in a wider context of third-wave emigration reveals Sinyavskiy’s attitude to principal questions regarding the role of Soviet dissent and the future of Russia as well as its relationship with Western countries. On this background, Andrey Sinyavskiy’s pluralist concept is presented.

Finský kolotoč čedomira cvetkoviće

Author(s): Eliška Jiráňová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Čedomir Cvetković (1925-2014), a prominent Yugoslav diplomat as well as one of the first Serbs to speak Finnish, was instrumental in the significant development of Serbian-Finnish relations. Whether it was creating the Serbian-Finnish association or free Finnish lessons in Serbia (Belgrade, Obrenovac). As an expert on Swedish and Finnish language, he participated in many meetings of Yugoslav and Scandinavian politicians as an interpreter. He was interested in the similarities between Serbian and Finnish literature as well as all about Finnish culture. His educational activities included many lectures, seminars, studies, articles, etc., which acquainted Serbs with this Nordic country. Between 1978 and 1982, he served as a counsellor at the Yugoslav Embassy in Helsinki. Among other things, he worked as a writer as well as translator from Finnish and Swedish into Serbian. Thanks to his work, more than 10 titles by major Nordic authors were translated into Serbian.