Around the Bloc: Romania Wants Permanent NATO Black Sea Force
At NATO’s July summit, Bucharest will propose that a regular multinational naval force patrol the area.
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At NATO’s July summit, Bucharest will propose that a regular multinational naval force patrol the area.
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News Highlights: Andrej Babis; Crimea, Iran, and U.S. sanctions; a Hong Kong protest in Vilnius; a fugitive Montenegrin banker; and domestic violence in Armenia.
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The geopolitical situation in the world is an important cause for the operation of various treats to national security. The most danger of the risk is terror and terrorism. This danger is not something new. The world “terror” comes from Latin and means fear, dread. Terror very often associated with the violence by those in power, while terrorism is meant by the imitation of terror practice (methods ad means of violence) by disadvantaged, who believe that they can’t change their situation in other way (only by using violence).
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The establishing of the Government Centre for Security constituted a significant step in building an effective and comprehensive system of crisis management – a system thanks to which it is possible to prevent crises and, in case of their occurrance, to minimize their impact by taking professional actions. The Government Centre for Security was established under the Act of 26 April 2007 on Crisis Management and it has been operating since the 2nd August 2008. Government Centre for Security is a supraministerial structure which aims to optimize and standardize the perception of threats by individual government departments, thereby increasing the degree of ability to cope with difficult situations by the competent services and public administration authorities. The Centre is ensuring services to the Council of Ministers, Prime Minister, the Government Crisis Management Team and a minister competent for internal affairs within the scope of crisis management. Moreover, the Centre serves as a national centre for crisis management coordinating of activities the units related to crisis management. In addition, developing optimal solutions to the emerging crisis situations as well as the coordination of the flow of information concerning the threats are also within the scope of the tasks of the Government Centre for Security. Furthermore, the overall structure of organisation and operating mode of the Centre are described in the article.
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The article present problem of the participation of the President of the Republic of Poland in the implementation of tasks in the area of national security, including the multi-state nature. In the first part the author presents the origins and evolution of the institution of the President of our country. The second and third parts of the paper presents the considerations in respect of the powers and duties of head of state in the national security system. The result of our topic are the conclusions and recommendations relating to the role of President of the Republic in the national security system.
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Author in this article presents European Citizenship, rights and responsibilities connected with them. From the research conducted in 2010 it follows that most citizens of Member States has large knowledge about EU citizenship. Author tries to answer how it affect the safety of the individual. It is possible only by relevant defined contemporary threats.
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The activity of the Polish Foreign Service (diplomatic service) has got an important impact on the relationships between Poland and other countries. This activity should be understood as a public service and is focused on creating a stable international security environment in regional and global dimension. The Republic of Poland as an entity of international law seeks to maintain diplomatic relations with all other countries.
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One of the main causes of poverty, social exclusion and social exclusion in Poland is unemployment. The phenomenon of unemployment leads to advancing the social stratification that is not conducive to internal security. Another result of unemployment in Poland is excessive labour migration of young and educated people. This situation can lead to significant economic and demographic problems in the state and undermine its ability to safeguard. Prolonged ineffective internal fight against poverty can adversely affect the position of the state on the international scene.
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While past and current scientific research upon the interrogation of suspects accused of criminal wrongdoing has mainly focused upon the assessment of the diagnostic value of the interviewing and interrogation tactics ordinarily used and upon diverse methodologies of credibility assessment, actual public interest has increased in the present in relation to interrogation practices related to military interrogations.
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The study examines contemporary discourses in two small Central European states, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The aim is to analyze how key domestic political players discursively construct foreign policy vis-à-vis the migration crisis. Securitization, a concept developed by the Copenhagen School, serves as an analytical framework for revealing the kinds of discourse being produced in the two countries. The analysis of the discourse of the Prime Ministers from 2015 to 2018, indicates that in the Czech Republic and Slovakia foreign policy is being constructed around the issue of Europeanness (belongingness) and accommodation in the core-periphery spectrum. The article shows that the construction of external threats is done in different security sectors in each country, but in both it seems to promote the in-group coherence needed to affirm their belongingness to Europe, and it no longer happens on grounds of ethnically defined nations, but on grounds of the broader idea of civilizational Europe.
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The concept of war has been transforming since the Cold War period, and such transformation has been strengthened by “the war against terror” policy of the United States of America. In light of this conceptual transformation, it is no longer argued that wars take place only between states. New wars—which are asymmetric and do not have a limited war zone—have not changed traditional wars all together, instead, they have blurred the definitions and distinctions pertaining to traditional wars and added new concepts. The grey zones that have emerged due to these transformations have also led to the rise of new challenges and problems related to the implementation of the rules of international law. The normative evolution of international law and its implementations do not take place independently of international politics. In this vein, this article focuses on a question that has been underexplored especially in the International Relations literature, namely the applicability of jus ad bellum and jus in bello in new wars through the lenses of contestation theory. To this end, in its attempt to contribute the existing literature, it discusses how norms are contested in instances of cyber wars/attacks with reference to the specific cases of Estonia, Georgia and Stuxnet.
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The paper aims to explore the roots of inequality in the European Union by focusing on the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enlarge the actual digital divide. Each time a new technology is broadly implemented in society, it generates economic and social gaps. There are many similar examples in history when a new invention brought poverty for significant categories of people, who faced unemployment due to new industrial machines or found themselves unable to operate or afford new devices. Therefore, the research question that I will try to answer in this paper is: “does artificial intelligence have the potential to create more inequality in the European Union?”. To answer this question, I will firstly address the issue of AI’s state of the art and I will research how this new technology is industrially implemented, aiming to see to what extent it represents a threat to our jobs or our way of life. Secondly, I will search for social mechanisms that generate inequality by using the concept of digital divide. This theoretical approach focuses on the possibility of people impoverishing due to the lack of basic skills and the impossibility to afford new available technologies.
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The goal of this article is to investigate the reasons why Caucasus (Russia origin) fighters have moved to Levant region and joined to DAESH. The research is conducted through an extensive literature review and content analysis of websites related to DAESH. The research findings indicate at least six significant variables motivated the fighters from Russia to join DAESH. These are (1) Russia’s “laissez jihad” politics, (2) the sense of helplessness and the idea of helping Muslims in difficult conditions, (3) the conjuncture and Emir (leader) factor, (4) “five star jihad” aphorism, (5) social networks and individual reasons, (6) the intermediary role of social media, digital technology and propaganda”. It is evaluated that the findings and conclusions of the research may contribute both the policymakers in the formation of security policies and the current academic literature.
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In a instantly changing combat environment, combat space needs cannot be postponed and should be supplied timely. One of the consequences of providing all kinds of needs precisely in the battle field is Private Military Company (PMC) formation. Having a role as an important actor in the supply and demand balance of the battlefield, PMCs also appear as an important instrument in the Defense Management of countries. Since PMCs have completed critical missing parts of the battlefields with a wide range of organizational structures and objectives, they have become a topic of discussion and examination in the international arena. This article is based on an analysis from a comparative historical perspective. Two different reader groups were targeted with this study. The first group has been determined as those who are academically interested in defense management, security policies and international relations, and need situational awareness about PMCs. The second group; those who are in the decision-making bodies of the PMCs and who want to take part in or invest in this field have been identified. In order to cover these two target groups, a projection from the past to the future was made. Within the framework of historical development process and definition, service function areas, legal status, the tendency to use it according to the needs of the war in its own ecosystem and technological developments in the near future, possible uses and inferences were made about the use of the PMCs.
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War Ships and as the backbone of the world’s seaborne trade, merchant ships may be subject to similar threats of Maritime IEDs. From a maritime security perspective, the best way to increase situational awareness at seas and ports is to assess the current threats and to foresee future ones.When the methods used by terrorist organizations are examined, it is seen that the Maritime IED attacks are not the daily threats due to the characteristics of the marine environment, but the losses and loss of life could be big if this threat is ignored. As a result of the successful attacks carried out by terrorist organizations, it was understood that they have been working on improving themselves in maritime attacks. Thus, the activities carried out by terrorist organizations should be closely monitored and necessary precautions must be taken, especially as they may have negative effects on commercial maritime traffic.In this study, general information about the “Maritime Security” is given and the concept of Maritime IED is explained in detail. The new Maritime IED’s which are encountered in the maritime environment was examined. In the light of these maritime IED’s and the developing maritime technologies, was tried to find answers to what kind of Maritime IED’s could be encountered in the future.
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The concept of democracy has a nature that prioritizes the rights and freedoms of individuals / citizens. Therefore, it gives a distinct advantage to the local governments that are close to the citizens in the state-individual relations. In recent years, although they came to power by election, some municipalities have exploited citizens' votes, taxes and the climate of democracy under the influence of terrorist organizations. In addition, these municipalities are trying to form a separate political / legal structure that threatens national unity and integrity. The application of the appointment of trustees to the mentioned municipalities according to the provisions of the Decree Law dated 1 September 2016 (KHK). In the study, the implementation of the appointment of the trustees; includes concrete developments/achievements to ensure the restoration of democracy by eliminating elements that hinder the functioning of local democracy. In addition, in the study it is evaluated that the reasons and implementation of this practice coincides with the norms of international law and is also becoming an effective public policy in the fight against terrorism.
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Rebooting the peace process and reuniting Ukraine – these lofty promises are the mainstay of the presidency of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy since his election last year. In this spirit, during the first so-called Unity Forum held on October 30th 2019 in Mariupol, Zelenskyy introduced three crucial steps on how he sees the process of bringing the occupied territories back to Ukraine: ceasefire, reconciliation and safe reintegration.
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When Ukraine introduced a new and radically reimagined patrol police in 2015, Nazar Franchuk was one of the first to sign up. Franchuk, who spent the winter of 2013 – 2014 splitting his time between university exams and protesting in Ukraine’s Revolution of Dignity, wanted to bring his revolutionary energy to the new law enforcement body which was intended to replace the country’s notoriously corrupt police force.
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An interview with Lieutenant General Sławomir Wojciechowski from NATO’s Multinational Corps Northeast. Interviewer: Jakub Bornio
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