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This article deals with challenges for the defence policy and strategy of the Czech Republic and their further adaptation and. It outlines set of recommendations for ensuring its armed forces relevance and their long term sustainability. The article reflects debate during the international conference Defence and Strategy organised by the Centre of Security and Military Strategic Studies of Defence University and held on 15-16 June 2015 in Brno.
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The text deals with the use of border defense as a means of protection against guerrilla attacks and infiltration, through a combination of principles of modern stationary fortifications and forward area defense. These are discussed on the case study of the Northern Border Security Project of Saudi Arabia. The role of attacker takes quasi-state formation the Islamic State (IS, ISIS, ISIL). The aim is to analyze whether the project would endure distinctive types of asymmetric attacks. Vulnerability prioritization for each component determines the most likely targets and their characteristics. This is a subjective semi quantitative method known as CARVER matrix. Subsequently, based on established premises, the text discusses three selected scenarios that use guerrilla tactics with elements of terrorism against selected targets. Attack scenarios show some of the possible ways of improvement for the project. In conclusion, the author makes recommendations for possible adjustments and assess the potential of using the project as a protection against asymmetric attacks. After reading the text, the reader is informed about the project, its components, as well as recommendations that can be applied in the further use of this type of defense.
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Territorial Defense is a common issue in most democratic countries, particularly in the NATO Member States. It is an essential component of modern military structure, which, thanks to the close connection with the non-military system, in a decisive way may influence the effectiveness of national defense. Army Territorial Defense can perform wide range of tasks, both, strictly related to military, such as operational troops support, and non-military involving, such as combating the effects of technical failure or natural disasters. This formation existed in Poland until 2008, and now it is being revived. The concept adopted by the Ministry of Defense envisages the establishment of territorial defense forces at three levels, closely associated with the administrative division of the state (central, provincial and local). Ultimately, this formation is to count 17 brigades and about 35 thousand soldiers. It will operate not only in times of danger and war, but also in peacetime. However, the creation of this new and independent type of armed forces is a matter of polemics and controversies, as shown in the article.
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The article deals with correlation of strategy and operational art. The aim of the article is to point on deficit of relationship between political decision-making and military planning. The first part of the article simply introduces doctrinal tools of operational art, applicable at both the operational and strategic level. The second part refers to the fact that application of some standard elements of operational art in terms of overall strategic framework loses partly importance because of their use in the context of unconventional conflict has been less appropriate. The third part deals with criticism of the mutual undesirable separation of politicians and military professionals involved in operations planning. Conclusion of the article offers possible solutions of this deficit.
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The article deals with the integration of outside resources into the process of support Forces in Military operations. The crux of this work lies in the illustration of ‘place’ and the role of Civil Contracting Supports in the Combat Service system of Armed Forces. It also accentuates the sense and complexity of Combat Service Support. The article analyses the advantages. Disadvantages and risks for utilization Civil Contractors in armed conflicts. The text respects this and acknowledges the benefit from experience of the NATO Armies in this field. In the closing part, the authors formulate recommendations for the later boom of ‘Combat Service’ theory and practice. The effect and benefit of this article lies first in its suggestion of criteria for the selection of contractors.
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Infantry company urban operations training experience shows that effective training requires interaction of doctrine with equipment and structure of units. NATO standards must be further developed at the national level to match the technology and organization of own units. Training requires elaboration of training manuals that contain specific tactical exercises for standardized training facilities. Experienced training instructors should focus on the preparation of organic units. Transferring experience from instructors directly to organic units is more efficient than preparing individuals in professional courses.
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Presented analysis of interviews with officers at various level of command from 2004 – 2008 is aimed on their view of the process of command. Based on qualitative research we consider the recent way of command of the Czech officers intuitive and individual. It characterizes most common way to command, based just on experience. We consider differentiation in the way of leading and motivation of subordinates among types of forces and military specializations. The reflection of the professionalization, the training system, the perception of learned/natural ability to command and their career is offered to discussion in the context of changes in direction of education of Czech officers and commanders.
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The article deals with a strategic document that currently represents understanding of trends, which form the future security and operational environment, and that sets up the vectors for building-up and development of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. The first aim is to assess the Long Term Perspective for Defence 2030 and its significance in context of other strategic documents adopted in the Czech Republic. Another aim is to confront its contents with a structured analysis of large quantity of the state-of-the-art foresight studies, differentiated in geographical and thematic scope. The comparison allows identifying convergence and divergence between the Czech document and relevant findings from the foreign foresight documents. This approach enables the judgement whether the Long Term Perspective for Defence 2030 provides a relevant guideline for the defence sector development, and whether it does or does not miss some of the issues found significant in the foresight documents in the outer world.
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One of the objectives of the project for organization development titled “Trends in development the Armed Forces of Czech Republic in relation to the development of the security environment” is to identify trends in career management and life-long education in the MoD. The article presents partial findings of the substudy focused at proper use of management methods to execute primary data collection and to construct complete problem formulation for both preparation and implementation of Career Order as a part of human resources management in the Ministry of Defence. There is summary of methods and tools used for problems formulation in the first part, the second part shows how these methods are applied in practice. Based on results, the conclusion is then formulated depicting the primary problem of preparation and implementation of the career system.
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This article contains the essence of the modular part of an automated artillery fire control system, which will enable automated detection of artillery ammunition ballistic characteristics using barcodes placed on missiles and cartridges. The article describes the current state of evidence of artillery ammunition ballistic characteristics, presents possible approaches to the concept of evidence of artillery ammunition ballistic characteristics using barcodes, defines the framework requirements for the automation of this part of artillery fire ballistics preparation, describes the determination of the distance individual corrections resulting from the artillery ammunition ballistic characteristics and states possible ways to automated processing overview of artillery ammunition carried by the conveyors of missiles and cartridges.
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The paper deals with the ability of engineer units to provide engineermobility support in combat operations. Based on the analysis of the resultsof structured interviews conducted with extensive amount of the CzechArmed Forces officers, and their generalization, were found discrepanciesbetween the current and required state in the organizational structure ofengineer units to provide effective mobility support, and requirements forengineer devices to support mobility in the Czech Armed Forces conditionswere formulated. The aim of this article is to present recommendationsfor inclusion of different types of engineer devices into formed engineerformations for mobility support in relation to the tasks performed withinengineer role of mobility support and determine recommendations forthe further direction of research in this area.
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The article is devoted to the presentation of the results of the opinion polls conductedin 2014 among the students of the faculty of National security and Internal security. The main research problem is the question of how the image of Bruno K. dominates the minds and imagination of people who, as students of the Faculty of Security, are interestedin the issues of terrorist threats. The respondents were asked, among other things, some questions regarding the profession, education and physical characteristics of BrunoK arrested on a charge of preparing a terrorist attack. They were also asked about the modus operandi of the planned attack and therefore the type of explosive, the purposeof the coup, the method of placing the load, the type of vehicle used, etc. The author alsomade a comparison test juxtaposing Agrobomber’s image that emerged from the survey of public opinion with a picture of the terrorist presented in the Polish press.
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The political life in the Second Republic was very violent and volatile. The Polish political right (both conservative and nationalist) was one of actors of the violence theatre but initiallyits role was not principal. Despite certain fascination with fascism, Polish rightists of the 20s were not ready for the systematic use of violence. The turning point was the coup d’etat of the 1926. The newly created Obóz Wielkiej Polski (Greater Poland Camp) had a paramilitary structure and its youth wing were trained into violence. This violent evolution was stopped by banning of the OWP in 1933.
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The article discusses the issue of terrorism carried out by nationalist Ukrainian organizations in Poland in the interwar period (1918–1939). The reborn Republic of Poland was forced to defend it self, when it was faced with the threat. The Ukrainian nationalists continuously undermined the legality of the Polish ownership and management of theeastern borderlands, including Eastern Malopolska and Volhynia. The Ukrainians blamed Poland for the abortive attempts to create their own national state, which was unreasonableand unjustified. The escalating Ukrainian nationalism effectively destroyed all attempts undertaken by the Polish authorities to solve the political and economic problems of the eastern provinces. But was the collapse of Poland in 1939 indeed such a positive turn of events for the Ukrainian, as suggested by the Ukrainian nationalists?
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In each country special forces are a unique formation. They often carry out specific tasks on the political, strategic and operational level of command. They are formed by teams of highly and professionally trained soldiers, often equipped with a unique, unheard ofelse where armament and technical equipment. The effective ness and efficiency of their actions also depend on the proper command of these forces. In this respect, the organization of command is of considerable importance. In the case of the Polish Special Forcest here was a total reorganization of their command and control system in 2014. This material constitutes an attempt to answer the question whether these actions were appropriate and how their consequences affected the possibilities of command, and thus the effectiveness of such armed forces.
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Contemporary dilemma of Polish security policy is connected with the matter of providing safety through defense self-sufficiency or consolidation of regional security systems.It requires thinking about possibilities to defend Poland, also those that are beingheld independently.
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The aim of this paper is to show the evolution of the perception of the threats to the security of the Republic of Poland. The text is based on an analysis of the Polish national security strategies for the 21 st century, and in particular, on the document of 2014. This will allow to draw conclusions about the makers of the Polish security strategies connected with different political parties. More over, thanks to this, the Author will be able to evaluate these documents and try to answer the question concerning the right direction of the Polish national security policy and its instruments. In this way, he will refer to theself-sufficiency of defense and the Polish Special Forces.
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The article shows special units of the Polish Army within the years 1964–1993. The author presents the origins of these units in Poland, the conditions of their creation and organization. The presented units were operating at the strategic level (1 assault battalion), operational (special military companies) and tactical (special reconnaissance battalioncompanies of the division). Moreover, the principles and forms of training special units in Poland were presented. The article introduces original solutions in the organization and improvement of special units in the Armed Forces of the Polish People’s Republic.
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The article presents a short history of the formation of “The Unseen & Silent” (Cichociemni)– Parachutists of the Home Army (Armia Krajowa), based on the biography of one of them – Bolesław Polończyk alias “Kryształ”. The biography covers the period of Polończyk’s childhood and youth, then – the time of employment, interrupted by the outbreak of the Second World War, the journey to France, the recruitment to the legendary formation, finally – “Kryształ”’s military service in occupied Poland and his post-war life. The biography constitutes the background of the reflections about the history of this Polish sabotage elite during the Second World War – starting with the time of its creation, through out the period of the training of the candidates, until their military servicein the Union of Armed Struggle/Home Army (ZWZ/AK) after their drops into the occupied country.
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