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AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER SYSTEMS –A FEASIBLE TOOL TO INCREASE THE RESILIENCE OF MARITIME CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Author(s): Daniel-Cornel Tanasescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

It is considered that in the field of safety and port infrastructure security,vulnerable objectives and considered as targets from the perspective of the terrorist threat are represented by: operating platforms and equipment, ships, oil and chemical terminals,bridges and inland access ways, transport facilities, industrial processing capabilities in the proximity area. A comprehensive and realistic approach to setting up measures to increase the resilience of such a complex system includes: the dimension of information security,common operating rules and procedures between inter-institutional actors, the implementation of autonomous technological solutions with high effectiveness and minimum risk to the human factor.

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RISKS AND THREATS TO THE SECURITY OF ROMANIA

Author(s): Ilie ANGIU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The diversification of threats to the international security environment has led to essential changes in their physiognomy and characteristics. Threats to Romania’s security in the current security context manifest and will manifest, both by conventional and non-conventional means, in the military and civilian spheres that makes them sometimes difficult to be predicted. The complexity and dynamics of the current international security environment has entailed Romania to take measures to defend and counteract new types of threats. This was made internally as well as in the framework of the alliances, coalitions,partnerships to which Romania is part. The main goal of these measures was to involve itself in providing the security of its own citizens as well as contributing to the achievement of regional stability, in order to integrate the Southeastern European space in the continental and Euro-Atlantic security architecture.

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GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) IN MILITARY OPERATIONS

Author(s): Ciprian Tudor / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The way in which the military plans, functions and operates has been revolutionized by the usage of GIS applications in military operations. From home security to operations around the globe, military depends on reliable, accurate spatial mapping and tools. Military forces use GIS in a variety of applications including cartography, intelligence,terrain analysis, battlefield management, remote sensing, military installation, management and monitoring of possible terrorist activity. The concept of Command, Control,Communication and Coordination in military operations is largely dependent on the availability of accurate, spatial information in order to take quick decisions for operational orders. In the present digital era, GIS is an excellent tool for military commanders in operations.

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A POSSIBLE EURO-ATLANTIC COMPREHENSIVE MARITIME SECURITY MODEL

Author(s): Valentin Catalin Vlad / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article aims to identify the existence, relevance and opportunity of a theoretical security through cooperation model based on the main concepts and theories of the security communities and the appreciation of universally recognized individual and collective values and freedom, in order ultimately to prove the relevance and opportunity of such a comprehensive maritime security model that could be adopted and developed at Euro-Atlantic maritime space as part of the complex process of ensuring regional and international maritime security.The adoption of a comprehensive maritime security through cooperation model centered on ensuring individual and collective security, stability and prosperity is the key element for the legitimacy, credibility and efficiency of the Euro-Atlantic maritime strategies in relation to international treaties, challenges and threats to international maritime security and last but not least with the peculiarities and characteristics of international maritime basins.

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THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON FUTURE MILITARY ACTIONS

Author(s): Marian HOGEA / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an artifact (computer) that works effectively to achieve a certain goal. Artificial Intelligence Technology has entered a new period of rapid development and is recognized as the most perceptual technology capable of changing the future world. The trend of developing artificial intelligence in the coming years will have an impact on societies, governments, and last but not least on the military environment. Some emerging trends have already begun to appear, therefore, many countries in the world have raised the development of artificial intelligence at the level of national strategy and strongly supported it from the perspective of policy orientation, strategic planning and capital budgeting. The emergence of artificial intelligence weapons will radically change the way in which armed conflicts are being prepared and carried out, that is, „man-to-man” warfare tends to become a war of „machine killing”. Whoever has the best software will win the war. From this perspective, we aim to highlight the integration and functioning of weapons and technologies based on artificial intelligence within the command and control systems and execution structures to uncover the elements of informational and decisional superiority, as well as the success factors in the dynamics of future military actions.

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THE COALITION’S MILITARY ACTIONS IN AFGHANISTAN FROM „ENDURING FREEDOM” OPERATION TO „RESOLUTE SUPPORT” MISSION

Author(s): Traian Maghercă / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In October 2001, the USA armed forces, supported by military units from United Kingdom, began the attack against the members of terrorist organizations located in Afghanistan, as an answer to the 9/11 terrorist actions on the US homeland. This conflict, which seems to be the longest in the modern history, began by military actions in „Enduring Freedom” Operation (OEF), resumed with International Security and Assistance Force (ISAF) operations, and today, after seventeen years, the coalition acts within the „Resolute Support” Mission (RSM). Meanwhile, the coalition’s armed forces have performed all types of military actions from the joint offensive operations, stability and security operations, counterinsurgency operations to training, advisement and assistance actions, all these in order to support the Afghan security forces to achieve the proper training level and to ensure a stable security environment in the Afghanistan territory.

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THE 4th REVOLUTION AND ITS INFLUENCE UPON CONFLICTS

Author(s): Claudiu Marius Ionescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

With each passing year, we become increasingly dependent on technology, the digital revolution is moving at astonishing speeds, and millions of specialists are proposing new solutions with a rhythm that increases from year to year. The old generation is adapting with difficulty to the new digital society. Mankind is interconnected more and more through the Internet. Human society is changing at a faster pace than ever before. The Battle Theater moves into the virtual space, the battles are gaining the attention of the connected people and the accumulation of Big Data, and the main technological states are preparing to occupy celestial bodies in the vicinity of the Earth.

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CONSIDERATIONS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AS A REFERENCE OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE MILITARY STRUCTURES

Author(s): Daniel Gheondea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

One of the central elements that ensures the success of the military organization is the efficient human resource management. In order to achieve this, it is important to first carefully plan each educational program aimed at training and specializing the officers, the warrant officers and the non-commissioned officers, and secondly, to fully understand all the tasks of the positions in the organizational chart of the military units throughout the country, so that training through courses would be fully in line with the real needs of the beneficiary. All these aspects, combined with permanent advice on the evolution of the military personnel at all chain of command levels, are prerequisites for the efficiency of the military organization. Through actual examples, we attempted to present a new approach to human resource planning from the point of view of organizational efficiency and a pertinent analysis of the means of implementing staff policies, viewed in terms of the superior-subordinate relationship

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MONEY LAUNDERING. TOPIC OF THE FINANCIAL-BANKING SYSTEM

Author(s): Florin Laurentiu Giusca,Eduard Paul Petrescul / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Transparency and the health of financial markets are key elements in the efficient functioning of savings, but they can be jeopardized by money laundering. Obtaining "black money", mainly from the underground economy and corruption, is generally a unanimously condemned activity in all countries of the world, but the process of recycling funds, due to the harmless look that they can get, harsh competition on the international capital market

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ON STRATEGY IN HYBRID WARFARE

Author(s): Dan Lucian PETRESCU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Hybrid warfare is one of the most complex issues regarding the security of actors in the world, at the beginning of the 21st century. Each hybrid threat has a configuration which corresponds to a strategic model that underpins the manifestation of the threat – the hybrid aggression – carried out by an aggressor against a target, usually a state actor. The latter has to develop a system in a “whole-of-government” approach, corresponding to its own characteristics, integrated into that of the partners and adapted to the configuration of the hybrid threat that may be conducted against it, which allows the target to survive and counteract it, meaning to detect and prevent the threat, to manifest resilience against the aggression and to respond accordingly. The hybrid threat countering system must implement a coherent strategy, which uses all instruments of power in actions carried out across all are as that define the state actor to achieve all national security goals and to meet the purpose for which it was created.

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THEORIES ON HYBRID THREAT AND HYBRID WAR. DEVELOPMENTS IN MILITARY THINKING

Author(s): Costinel Nicolae MAREȘI / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Suggesting a short citation of Marcus Luttrell, one of the American heroes of Asadabad, Afghanistan 2005, we can say that the war is not only black and white, it can also be gray, and the one who refuses to fight in the gray zone may lose the fight. This is the simplistic description, but it is a realistic way of conducting the contemporary war.In practice, the hybrid war existed, some said, just before being theorized, but this fundamental feature has gained new strengths in the contemporaneity, through the massive integration of aggressive means belonging to other plans than the military one. The theories regarding the hybrid war were accepted and granted by the schools of military thinking thanks to the efforts of experienced military personnel that fought in the conflict zones after the Cold War, the academic environment in the field of military sciences and the military organizations/ military entities that develop and apply military doctrines.

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NATO-EU STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP FOR COUNTERING HYBRID THREATS

Author(s): Costinel Nicolae MAREȘI / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The start of NATO-EU strategic partnership in countering hybrid threats was marked on July 8, 2016. At the NATO summit in Warsaw the president of the European Council Donald Tusk, the president of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker and NATO secretary general Jens Stoltenberg signed a joint statement on EU-NATO cooperation in the field of defense and security. The discussions held by both parties at this summit aimed at starting joint projects against a common adversary, the 21st century hybrid threats. The general opinion was for increasing the ability to counter hybrid threats by strengthening resilience, by exchanging timely information and partnerships between intelligence departments, for building a strategic communication coordinated between both parties, as well as for having corresponding and coordinated military exercises built on countering hybrid threat scenario.

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NUCLEAR DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN JOINT MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS

Author(s): Alexandru Herciu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

We are witnessing these days an unprecedented harsh controversy over the development of nuclear capabilities as a result of the failure of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. The brawls are more complicated than that, in the sense that there are many concerns for the development of combat components with nuclear warheads with tactical, operational, and strategic use. The main objective of the paper is to address issues related to the management of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) information in the operation of multinational joint forces that possess nuclear capabilities or operate in nuclear environment. Considering that the use of nuclear weapons at the right time can create favorable conditions for achieving decisive results in the dynamics of military operations, the lethal consequences of their use can significantly influence military operations and increase the complexity of the battlefield. Under these circumstances, allied forces must be able to perform all types of operations in such a complex environment.

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SEA CONTROL – AN ESSENTIAL TASK FOR NAVAL FORCES

Author(s): Valentin – Marian TOMA,Ion Chiorcea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Sea control is designed to secure a given part of the sea and control the sea lines of communications for a specific purpose, which essentially means that one side possesses superiority over its enemy, and interrupts or cuts off the enemy’s sea lines of communication without major opposition from the enemy. It means that the enemy does not have a significant capability to interfere with the stronger side. Controls of a specific sea area require strong naval forces which is able to achieve a substantial degree of control of surface, air and subsurface. Sea control can be strategic, operational, and tactical; it depends on the dimension of the maritime domain where the sea control concept is applied. The structure and the capabilities of naval forces are essential for maintaining sea control for a period of time. By obtaining sea control in a specific maritime area, the stronger side can exert a strong political,diplomatic and military influence on the events.

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MILITARY MEANS AND METHODS OF UNDERMINING USED BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Author(s): Marius Titi Potîrniche / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper presents some of the military means and methods, used by the Russian Federation to undermine some targeted states, with reference to increasing its geopolitical ambitions while trying to become an important center of power in a multi-polar world and reduce the US influence in Europe and Asia. Controlling the states in the immediate proximity of its borders has always represented for Russia an objective of utmost importance in terms of physical security. Russia considers that its geographical position may generate some vulnerabilities, being therefore entitled to appeal to a combination of arrangements, pressure,grants and diverse sanctions. All these generate a change in the way of promoting national security interests, as well as and the art of waging and conduct war.

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THE SOCIAL-IDENTITARY PARTICULARITY OF THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF WAR, THE VULNERABILITIES OF THE EUROPEAN ETHOS AND THE ETIOLOGY OF THE AGGRESSIVENESS MANIFESTED IN THE IMPACT AREA OF RELIGIOUS MILITANCY

Author(s): Lucian Grigore / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The reconfiguration of geostrategic games, the resurrection of extremist nationalism,the ethnic and religious fragmentation, the ideological radicalization and the emergence of terrorist groups stimulated by the amplitude of the Islamic radicalization at a European level are challenges that must be integrated to a more comprehensive strategic vision. The assessment of the European security environment, characterized by its complexity and dynamism, leads to a higher level of understanding of the relationships that are made between the social, cultural, political and military factors involved. In this paper we point out the conflictual potential settled in the dynamics of fundamentalist ideologies engaged in the fight for the defense of religious principles, at the intersection between different cultures and traditions. The hypothesis on the basis of which we initiated this approach refers to the fact that in the operation areas of certain motivations that are confined to conflictuality, together with other instability factors, the religious radicalism interferes as source of threat to peace. There search is oriented towards the analysis of the etiology of aggression manifested in the impact area of religious activism.

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HUMAN PARADIGM IN THE MILITARY AREA. A PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH

Author(s): Ion SÎRBU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

All the areas of human existence can be analysed within the human paradigm, inclusively the military one. It is necessary to ensure the safety of the human species and it's living environment. The paradigm generally presents itself as the dominant vision, as a model for addressing and solving the problems of one or another epoch, or stages of the development of human science and practice. Paradigms can be particular, general and universal.Ecological paradigm, for example, can be used in most sciences and fields, including the military sphere. It imposes the imperative not to harm, not to destroy, to preserve and restore the nature and its various elements, including the human nature, therefore of his body and mind.Human paradigm is a universal one and can be used in all fields and spheres of human knowledge and activity, including military ones.The universal nature of the human paradigm seems to be incompatible with the military sphere. Or, even more, the military activity seems fall under an opposite paradigm – an anti-human paradigm. Human paradigm can be turned to good account gradually and often only partially,in military research, science and practice, including in war-related ones. Globalization, based on the universal human paradigm, could lead to the exclusion from violence and wars of all kinds from human practice.

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NATO’S REPOSITIONING AFTER THE 2014 RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT

Author(s): Violeta NICOLESCU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The hereby paper elaborates on the North-Atlantic Alliance’s response to the Russian Federation’s aggressive actions against Ukraine in 2014, going through the main steps that the Allies have chronologically taken in order to enhance deterrence and defence, in what was a completely new relation with the Russian Federation, once a partner of NATO.Generally explaining the measures on deterrence and defence, the paper also approaches in a more detailed manner the Allied decisions dedicated to the Northern and the Southern segments of the Eastern border, so as to arrive to the conclusion that, be it the Baltic states, Poland, Romania or Bulgaria, they are all facing the same security threat and measures must be seen in a coherent and unitary approach. Debating on Russia’s main reason for its actions in the region, the hereby paper will conclude on the necessity for NATO to have a clear strategy on Russia’s assertive actions on the Eastern border.

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IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION OF STATEHOOD AND THE IMAGE OF THE ADVERSARY IN THE DE FACTO STATES ABKHAZIA AND SOUTH OSSETIA

Author(s): Elena ONU (TUDOR) / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to analyze the modus operandi of the "secessionist vocal regimes"in South Ossetia and Abkhazia and the stages of state identity building and the image of the adversary. Based on the Theory of the Regional Security Complex (RSCT/ Barry Buzan) and the Theory of Linkage and Leverage (Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way) and analyzing the rhetoric of senior officials in the European Union, the Russian Federation and NATO, the paper attempts to throw a shed light on how domestic and foreign political actors influenced or supported the evolution of unresolved conflicts in the Republic of Georgia.

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UKRAINE TO BOOST ITS DEFENCE AGAINST RUSSIA

Author(s): Jan-Florin GANEA,Robert-Mihai Poenaru / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The new conflicts that are arising at international level tend not to fall within the sphere of traditional conflicts which humanity saw in the last century, and in our opinion cannot be resolved through actions such as peace treaties, peacekeeping operations or ceasefire conventions. The new clashes are conducted through hybrid actions. Such a conflict has been going on in Ukraine since 2014. The reasons for its outburst and the main actions taken at international level to resolve this conflict will be discussed in this article.

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