Around the Bloc: Stalin in Pink, and Other Victory Day Highlights
In Moldova, U.S. military hardware removed from Chisinau square ahead of 9 May celebrations.
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In Moldova, U.S. military hardware removed from Chisinau square ahead of 9 May celebrations.
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Were ‘Taliban’ fighters crossing the Afghan border terrorists, drug smugglers, or both?
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Openly critical of the U.S. presence and policies, Kremlin officials seek deeper ties to the Kabul government – and the Taliban.
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Report on Russian brigade’s involvement in Malaysian plane’s downing over Ukraine full unworthy of ‘serious comment,’ Defense Ministry says.
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Syrian Turkmen fighters, a Turkey-backed rebel group in Syria, claim they shot Russian pilots as they descended by parachute.
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After legalizing blocking of internet, telephones during ‘counterterrorism’ operations, Dushanbe targets SIM cards.
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Police models are designed to improve safety in society. Although Estonia has not deliberately used any (combination of) police models for developing its policies of safety and its police reforms since the country regained independence, its safety has improved considerably during the last couple of decades. The scholarly discussions about police models are overwhelmingly about the possible effects of different models on safety management and about their application to particular countries. However, countries like Estonia with no consistent conceptions of police have received little attention in academic literature. We aim to fill this gap by analysing the developments of the Estonian police in its philosophical, strategic, tactical and organisational dimensions over the period between 1991 and 2013. The analysed materials include the official police development plans, legislation, statutes, training programs and statistics about the police. Our analysis shows that although safety in Estonia has improved considerably, developments of the Estonian police are characterised by internal discrepancies and inconsistencies. In view of this, we put forth some hypotheses for further studies regarding policy development in a situation where policy is not explicitly stated or where organisational reforms are seen not as “simple” or “complex” problems, but as “wicked” problems.
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Social welfare for the whole community is the basic tenet of Islamic social justice. In modern Islamic Republic of Iran it is also a strong political appeal, used by the successive Iranian governments. The core of the Islamic Revolution was not only ideological positioning of political Islam, but also the quest for social justice in a country characterized by economic inequality. Effects of the Iran-Iraq War, nepotism and corruption, system of bonyads, and inexperience in governance are basic difficulties of the Islamic Republic, together with social inequalities in urban-rural, women, youth, and ethnic minorities nexus.
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Celem artykułu jest analiza miejsca ekonomii i przedsiębiorczości społecznej w polityce nakierowanej na ograniczanie wykluczenia społecznego w Polsce. W pierwszej części przedstawiono definicje wykluczenia społecznego oraz znaczenie i funkcje ekonomii społecznej w rozwiązywaniu tego problemu. W drugiej części dokonano analizy strategii, programów i przepisów prawa dotyczących wykluczenia społecznego w Polsce. W przekonaniu Autorki przyjęte rozwiązania uwzględniają złożoność problemu wykluczenia społecznego. Ich realizacja jest jednak związana przede wszystkim z wydatkowaniem środków Unii Europejskiej. Kluczowym zadaniem pozostaje więc włączenie ekonomii i przedsiębiorczości społecznej do krajowych dokumentów ustawowych.
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The aim of this article is to examine the current tendency of recruitment in the civil service of Georgia, in light of the wave of dismissals after the 2012 parliamentary elections, and to highlight common problems that are characteristic for competitions in state organizations. Based on data collected during research, this article claims that drawbacks of the current recruitment practices in the Georgian civil service demonstrate that this aspect of human resources management carries signs of “team or leader affiliation and loyalty” approach. This tendency, which relies less on the assessment of applicants’ competency and motivation, seriously hinders the development of the public administration system in Georgia.
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The diverse preferences and expectations of elderly people pose a new challenge to the housing policies. The future role of housing policy is not as straightforward as it may seem at first glance. The group of elderly people will be requiring modified dwellings and access to other innovative solutions which will make possible spending the rest of life in suitable housing conditions. The article presents main problems connected with aging societies, increasing housing needs and housing policy.
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This article analyses age orientation of welfare states in CEE countries. In the context of the current demographic changes, how the welfare states address the risks faced by people at different stages in the life course affects both citizens’ lives and the capacity of national economies to adapt to new conditions. For this reason, it is becoming more and more important to evaluate what different welfare states do to ensure welfare of their elderly and young citizens. With few exceptions, there is very little comparative evidence on the age orientation of social policies in OECD countries – and none in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries. Age orientation of welfare states in this region is analysed for the first time in this article. Age orientation is measured by calculating the Elderly/Children Spending Ratio (ECSR). It discloses significant differences of social policies’ age orientation among CEE countries. Two of the most exceptional cases are Poland and Hungary. Welfare state’s age orientation of these similar countries is completely different. Social policy of Poland is elderly- oriented, while social policy of Hungary is youth- oriented. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explain what determines the differences of the welfare states age orientation in Poland and Hungary. This article analyses the formation process of welfare states’ age orientation in Poland and Hungary from the perspective of new institutionalism, namely historical institutionalism. Partisan competition and fragmentation of the social system are two main institutions that have determined age orientation of welfare states in Poland and Hungary. A comparative systemic process analysis reveals that welfare states’ age orientations of Poland and Hungary are determined by two historical critical junctures. Firstly, the weak communist party in Poland sought for political support of narrow groups. It caused the creation of special pensions privileges and the pension system fragmentation. For this reason, public pension spending was higher than spending for children and families – Poland became oriented towards the elderly. In Hungary, the communist party was stronger; therefore, there was no reason for creating special pensions privileges. In Hungary, spending for families and children was generous – it became youth oriented. The second critical juncture occurred during the first years of transition. The partisan competition of Poland was especially fragmented, so it was important for parties to get political support of particular groups. For this reason, parties increased the pension system fragmentation by creating new and maintaining old pensions privileges. Extremely expanded pension spending was partly financed by diminished spending for families and children – Poland’s welfare state’s age orientation towards the elderly was significantly strengthened. The partisan competition of Hungary was stronger; therefore, it remained youth oriented. After that, welfare states’ age orientation of these two countries followed the same path.
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As a result of the evacuation of the Polish Army in the USSR in Iran was a large group of refugee concentrated in Tehran, Isfahan, Ahwaz. Polish government-in-exile has called the Delegation of the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare. Providing educational opportunities in difficult conditions has become a challenge politicians People`s Party, which was the dominant group in the political scene of Iran. In this paper the author addresses important issues related to politics and education in the Middle East. Author presented figure Wiktor Styburski and Franciszek Haluch. The paper based on the source archives of the Polish Institute and Museum of General Sikorski in London and the State Archives in Warsaw will be shown undertaken by Delegation of the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare educational activities and their repercussions on the situation of Polish teachers and Poles living in Iran. The article will be also inform about the working conditions of teachers, their salaries, the problems of food supply, problems of management educational institution.
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In the past three decades, the processes of globalization, market liberalization and European integration had significantly changed the traditional role of the state. Contrary to the state centralism, contemporary political and economic circumstances produce a specific form of political management, which, compared to a traditional hierarchical government, manifests in various forms of cooperation and coordination between different levels of territorial organization of government, from local communities to the European institutions. With the introduction of the principle of subsidiarity in the Treaty on European Union in 1992, as a fundamental principle of the division of powers between different levels of government, and the constitutional decentralization in all countries of Western Europe in the last three decades, the concept of the multilevel governance has become an important tool for an analysis of the complexity of relations between different levels of territorial management.
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Educational program in social work is being conducted at the Institute of Sociology of the Jagiellonian University. This program is closely connected with urban questions, including phenomena which occur in our City of Cracow. Consequently, it is approach combining urban issues and phenomena which constitute social problems with actions that are rooted in social welfare and social work. Based on that we should build more general picture and also achieve more general experience in the field of social intervention.
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The article shows the history of state support for households in the acquisition of housing in the socialism period; changes which were introduced by the transformation of the economy and a need to protect flat buyers against some housing developers’ incompetence.
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his study inquires experiences of monopolistic goods and services markets in view of measuring market power, the existence market structure and function. he existence of monopolistic market in goods and services sectors is changeable depending on sectors, level of market advancement, countries and countries’ regulatory laws in the world. Banking, food, retailing, manufacturing, communicative media, readymade clothing sectors etc. mostly indicate monopolistic competition in the world including Turkey. It is reality that monopolistic competition improves international trade and welfare of countries via creating economies of scales in production.
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The aim of this research is to analyse the perception held by citizens of the various EU member states regarding the evolution of the pillars of the Welfare State in their countries during the crisis. Variations in these visions can be attributed to individual and contextual variables. The starting point for this research is the theory of social space, with its various capitals, measured in terms of both the individual and the country they reside in. The dependent variable (the perception held by citizens regarding the evolution of the pillars of the Welfare State in their country of residence) is associated with individual and contextual independent variables. The analysis was carried out using a multilevel model. The results showed that those persons ranking lower in terms of social stratification and resident in semi-peripheral and peripheral EU member states have a more negative vision of the evolution of the pillars of the Welfare State, although there is also a key symbolic factor resulting from their political ideology and religious beliefs.
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Istraživanje o načinu finansiranja rada skloništa za žrtve nasilja u obitelji koje je provela Pravobraniteljica za ravnopravnost spolova Republike Hrvatske pokazuje da se većina organizacija civilnog društva koje vode autonomna skloništa i savjetovališta finansiraju na osnovu Ugovora o sufinansiranju rada savjetovališta i skloništa za žene i njihovu djecu žrtve nasilja u obitelji. Ugovor je potpisan 2008. godine, između Ministarstva obitelji, branitelja i međugeneracijske solidarnosti, županija, gradova i skloništa.
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The issue of the rental of replacement vehicles in connection with road accidents and collisions is a relatively common issue in the jurisprudence. This is a matter that generates numerous disputes between the injured party and the insurer or the service provider and the insurer. The line of jurisprudence developed over the last decade provides grounds for indicating the limits of liability of insurers in this matter. Nevertheless, the changes that are taking place on the market of services and in the fi eld of claims handling, as well as in the approach of the victims themselves to this problem, are scientifically interesting matter.
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