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In this article, we analyze the process of development of philosophical ideas at Kazan University during the Soviet and post-Soviet period and their reflection on the pages of the journal Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. We reveal areas of research carried out at the Department of Philosophy and make a conclusion that Uchenye Zapiski adequately reflected the level of philosophical thought at Kazan University in the given period.
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Since the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, it has been recommended to follow up with modern and modern meanings and has tried to incorporate the appropriate ones into their own within them. Members of the United Nations, especially the international supranational organizations, have made membership. The Turkish Republic initiated the membership application process to the European Economic Community during the Adnan Menderes period in 1959. Several negotiations and protocols between the EU and Turkey have been signed during this period, which has reached nearly sixty years. Despite the fact that membership negotiation process has been passed in the ongoing negotiation process, there is still no more full membership. In the study, the membership application process between the European Union and Turkey between 1959 and 2010 was tried to be critically evaluated. Qualitative research methods were utilized during the study conducted by searching and analyzing the sources. Even though full accession negotiation processes have been passed, the Republic of Turkey has not fulfilled its sufficient socio-cultural, political and economic requirements, although its membership has still not been fulfilled, and the European Union's prejudiced attitudes have resulted in the delayed process.
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Not very long ago, scholars saw it fit to name a new and quite widespread phenomenon they had observed developing over the years as the “judicialization” of politics, meaning by it the expanding control of the judiciary at the expenses of the other powers of the State. Things seem yet to have begun to change, especially in Migration Law. Generally, quite a marginal branch of the State's corpus iuris, this latter has already lent itself to different forms of experimentations which then, spilling over into other legislative disciplines, end up by becoming the new general rule. The new interaction between the judiciary and the executive in this specific field as it is unfolding in such countries as the UK and Switzerland may prove to be yet another example of these dynamics.
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Compared to its past structure, Turkey is now a country with low levels of fertility and mortality. This junction that Turkey now has reached is associated with a number of risks, such as an ageing population, and a decreasing working-age population. The antinatalist policy era of Turkey was followed by a period of maintenance, yet the recent demographic changes formed the basis of a pronatalist population policy from the government’s view. This study discusses the link between demographic change and population policies in Turkey. It further aims to position Turkey spatially in relation to selected countries that are in various stages of their demographic transitions with different population policies, using a multidimensional scaling approach with data on 25 selected countries from the UN. The analysis is based on a 34-year period, 1975-2009, so as to better demonstrate Turkey’s international position on a social map, past and present. Our findings suggest that Turkey’s position on the social map shifted towards developed countries over time in terms of demographic indicators and population policies.
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As well as human relations, occasional interstate affairs can also occur in negative aspects with events to be considered positively. The airplane crisis between Russia and Turkey has been a case in which we wish to see the effects of these second features and the conclusions of the consequences to be transformed into positive ones as soon as possible. In addition, the effects of the incident on the Turkish economy have been passed on, and trade relations have been briefly mentioned on the basis of countries. In this context, the data obtained from the two countries are compared with the screening and evaluation method. At the end of the research, evaluation was made considering the data before and after the crisis.
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The aim of this study is to analyze and replicate the reflection of the plane crisis between Turkey and Russia on 24 November 2015 to the Russian economy. In addition, interaction within the context of the two countries' economies has been observed. Trade relations between the two countries are briefly the methods of screening and evaluation of data obtained according to the researches on the earth.
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Turkey and Greece has firstly encountered in the mid of 1950s following the resolution of conflicts stemming from Losanne Agreement. They have engaged in disputes sourcing from Aegean Sea since 1960s. Greece tried to manage power balance against Turkey’s power superiority in line with her traditional threat perception on her neighbor. In that basis, Greece searched alliances to the disadvantage of Turkey and increased her armament. In Cyprus, there is no had solution yet since Turkish peace operation on island. EU membership of Greece and Greek Cypriots made no contribution into the disputes between two countries and complicated with the involvement of other actors into discussions instead. Beginning from 1990s to present, exploratory talks at lower levels of state consultiations have been another method in generatiing solution to the conflicts. There is no comprehensive resolution in political horizon. The stability of Greece paves great importance to maintain essential political determination for negotiations. Fallacious policies and huge defence expenditures of have also contributed into recent the economic crisis. The collapse of Greek economy may cause the rise of nationalist movement and antidemocratic regime in that country.
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Ülkü, carries the same meaning as the word of idealism in western languages. Ülkü (Idealism) is, as a nation, to imagine the most beautiful goals and achieve these goals and to work relentlessly with a great desire for this sacred goal. Turkish ideal is a thought of morality, spirituality, human sense and the highest level in the science and technology, justice, education and to have the world's advanced nations on human rights and economically developed, established modern agriculture and industry, society still to come in prosperity, to protect her national interests and sovereignty continuously by only her own power and is to be a to be a nation listened anywhere in the World. This ideal is freeing the all Turks from foreign rule, all becoming independent and eventually all being united and establishing the “Turkish Union”, to be superior to all nations and be advanced in all respects.
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The aim of the research is to investigate population growth migration industrial development and to research the global integration results and solving ways of global ecological pollution with Azerbaijan sample.. The research deals with the ecological environmental pollution of Azerbaijan and focused on the reasons of immigration, industrial development and unjust war. The pollution fresh water basins of Kur and Araz rivers at the same time, generally, soil, air atmosphere, pollution, and population migration are connected with Armenian aggressive policy to Azerbaijan and the solution ways of these problems have been revealed in the article. The implicit and explicit use of chemical weapons to the civil population of Azerbaijan by Armenian unjust war has been pointed out. The Azerbaijan Government invited the organizations as OSCE (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe) for judicial investigation of unjust war and for global environmental protection.
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Der überzeugte Rude-Pravo-Leser, der täglich die Seiten des Organs der KPC auf der Suche nach irgendwas mit Neuigkeitswert oder einer seltenen Probe journalistischen Talents durchblättert, ist ein Märtyrer seiner/ihrer Aufgabe. Das abgehärtete Forschungsteam von Radio Free Europę kann sogar aus unscheinbaren Zeilen im Sportteil minimale Politikänderungen oder Zeichen der Uneinigkeit herauslesen. Aber für die meisten hingebungsvollen Bewunderer der Rude Právo hat sie dieselbe Funktion wie sonst der Vitamingehalt eines Müslis. Aber ab und zu wird der Rude-Pravo-Leser mit einer Überraschung belohnt, die von keinem Wekkamin erreicht wird.
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This study examines the productivity and efficiency spillovers in the presence of trade linkages in 27 European Union countries from 1990 to 2019. The European Union is one of the largest trading blocs in the world and has implemented costly policies and reforms to improve productivity growth. Meanwhile, tradeinduced productivity and efficiency spillovers have often been overlooked in the literature, and examining them could provide further clarity to the productivity puzzle. Using a spatial Durbin model and a bilateral trade matrix, this study estimates a spatial stochastic production frontier model using data from the Penn World Table and the World Integrated Trade Solution. We decompose production frontier estimates to obtain the spillover effects of total factor productivity growth and technical efficiency from a network of bilateral trading partners. Our results provide evidence of productivity and efficiency spillovers; however, the gains are uneven. Policy implications are discussed.
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Review of: The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War Nicholas Mulder. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2022. Backfire: How Sanctions Reshape the World against U.S. Interests Agathe Demarais. New York: Columbia University Press, 2022. Sanctions: What Everyone Needs to Know Bruce W. Jentleson. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022. The Political Economy of Sanctions: Resilience and Transformation in Russia and Iran Ksenia Kirkham. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2022.
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Bosnians show little faith in their state-level institutions, and with good reason, as the country ranks poorly on measures of corruption, regulatory quality, and government efficacy. However, the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina (CBBH) is a notable exception. In a country where the state is still often paralyzed by ethnically aligned obstructionism, the Central Bank is widely lauded as an effective state-level institution, and it backstops, and oversees, a stable, trusted, pan-Bosnian banking system. To explain the Bank’s success, we draw on rational choice and institutionalist literature to propose and test a theory of the “CBBH as referee” in its three main functional areas: currency board maintenance, payment system operation, and the coordination of banking supervision. We find evidence for this mechanism in the context of currency board operations, and we also document a Haas-ian neofunctional process, in which the Bank has interacted cyclically with foreign banks to unintentionally de-ethnicize the Bosnian financial sector. Initial Bank reforms facilitated foreign banks’ market entry, and their subsequent lack of interest in hewing to prior ethnic divisions served to cement a unified Bosnian financial space. We substantiate this argument with data drawn from interactive interviews with Bosnian policymakers, financial sector experts, and banking sector participants, and in so doing, also show how the commercial behavior of transnational actors can have unexpected policy impacts.
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The article examines how deindustrialization as economic restructuring and housing regime changes evolved interconnectedly in Romania during the Great Transformation from state socialism to neoliberal capitalism. This article also explores how they acted as conditions for the emergence of a real-estate-development-driven housing regime (REDD-HR) alongside other factors. The analysis is from the perspective of the geographical political economy on the variegated pathways of these phenomena across borders and secondary statistical data collected by two research projects conducted in Romania in the past two years. In the Eastern semiperiphery of global capitalism or a country of the Global Easts with a socialist legacy, after 1990, the state restructured the economy by privatizing industry and public housing. During state socialism, the housing regime supported industrialization-based urbanization, whereas deindustrialization-cum-privatization in emerging capitalism facilitated the appearance of real estate development. On the one hand, the article enriches studies on deindustrialization by highlighting the role of housing in the transformation of industrial relations; on the other hand, the paper revisits housing studies by analyzing deindustrialization as a process with an impact on the changing housing regime. Altogether, deindustrialization-cum-privatization and the changing housing sector are analyzed as prerequisites of the REDD-HR.
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The study aims to explore the economic and political consequences of the introduction of generative artificial intelligence, characterized by its ability to create any type of content. Its object is the generative artificial intelligence, and the subject is about the changes it brings to economy and politics. Politico-economic approach is applied to investigate the interactions of technology with the economy and politics. It is based on the understanding that changes in technology depend on politics and economics, but at the same time they cause changes in both. The study begins with the definition of generative artificial intelligence and its differences from other types of artificial intelligence, what it can do and what its limitations are. The implications for the economy, production, exchange, distribution, consumption are then considered. The questions about the prospects, fears, social controversies it brings are also analyzed. It ends with the role of politics in the development, regulation, limitation, implication, management of generative artificial intelligence, because the social contradictions it brings might become dangerous for the society and politics. The scope of the research is global, and from this comes the main conclusion that the development of artificial intelligence is a global problem that requires global solutions.
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International trade agreements contribute to the development of international trade and services. The European Union is currently modernizing the system and structure of international agreements related to international trade, investment and services. The aim of the scientific study is to clarify and identify the characteristic features of the agreements of new generation that are concluded between the European Union and non-EU member states. Based on the facts, we can confirm that trade policy supports, among others, values such as the protection of human rights, the protection of labor rights, the environment and the fight against climate change. Such an approach of the European Union to the liberalization of world trade through comprehensive trade agreements is also supported by the strategy of the European Commission „Trade for All”.
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From the late perestroika period, when the socialist realist tradition lost its official status and support from the state, the Russian contemporary art scene attempted to follow common international tendencies. Like other aspects of post-Soviet cultural life, it underwent a process of marketisation when individual artistic creativity and an artist’s reputation acquired its economic value. However, this process was not straightforward; only a handful of artists were able to enter the high-end luxury art market with its own distribution channels and demand patterns. Like in other countries, the process of creation of economic value in the Russian contemporary art market represents a special case of business activity. It depends to a higher degree on artist branding, tastes, and networking as well as global and national trends in consumption. This makes investment in this type of art risky involving high transaction costs. Starting with the establishment of the first art galleries and emergence of the institution of art dealers in the late 1980s, the Russian contemporary art market and its actors have been to a great extent oriented towards importation and imitation of the key Western practices and institutional patterns.1 Besides the above-mentioned galleries and art dealers, these include art fairs, auction houses, specialised museums and art curatorship, critics, academic and educational institutions, and commercial expertise.
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The discussion of human capital vital aggregates refers to the nature and existence of any administration in terms of a holistic understanding of the human resources that function productively within it. In this case, the focus is on two phases of the management of these resources: staffing and the process of recruitment and reassignment, including employee mobility, with prior shared considerations of the centrality of vitality. The analysis is subordinated to the recognition of the contemporary features and of the generated problems of the functioning of human resources management in the public administration.
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