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Demokracja i jej wartości w encyklikach Jana Pawła II

Author(s): Adam Wróbel / Language(s): Polish Issue: _/2012

The main issue of the article concentrates on the idea of democracy, its moral, social, legal and political spectrum, included in encyclicals of John Paul II. The author, sharing John Paul’s II opinion, tries to: specify what the democracy and its fundamental human rights exactly are; define the values which are its foundation, and the anti values that constitute a threat to it; show the rights, duties and the role of an individual, society and the state in the democratic system. Analysis of the Pope’s teaching in this area, shows that true democracy — which ensures the common participation in political decisions and is a guaranty for citizens to control their democratic rules — should be connected with fixed and constant, thus invariable moral and human values, which belong to the human nature, come from the truth about human being, and protect dignity and fundamental rights of human beings. The Pope indicates unequivocally that democracy and peace, are the most wanted and precious values for the society, in centre of which lies the respect for human life.

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The Concept of Secularism in Theological and Political Perspective

Author(s): Andrei Popîrda / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

In a pluralistic society, the concept of secularism acquired many meanings. Clearly, if we take the term strictly etymological its valences not consistent with the principles of modernity. It is therefore necessary, some critical remarks: Can religious affiliations to speak in public? Wants secularism erasing religion from the public and private sphere to move its decline? Taking into account the importance of the historical development of the nation, religious tradition - that identifies most of the population - resulting in distinct rights or privileges with respect to other religions? These interrogations are merely open perspective of the present study: a short history of the concept of secularism, coupled with its erminia in a society that is in constant change.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLITICS AND RELIGION
FROM THE CHRISTIAN-ORTHODOX PERSPECTIVE

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLITICS AND RELIGION FROM THE CHRISTIAN-ORTHODOX PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Aurelian Lavric / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2015

The terrorist organization "Islamic State" is trying to establish a state formation (not recognized by any actor of international law) which is based on religious ideology (religious fundamentalism – a radical Sunni version).This is a confirmation of the Theory of the Clash of civilizations developedby Samuel P. Huntington in 1993. Huntington predicted the increasing ofthe danger of the Islamic terrorism in the international area. The increasingof the importance of the religious factor in world politics in nowadays timeis undeniable. ”The relation Religion – Politics in Islam” is a topicaltheme. What is the Orthodox Christian approach regarding this report inthe Orthodox Christian space? Is possible the phenomenon of theocraticregimes in Orthodox space? The New Testament, the historical research onthe Byzantine Empire (which adopted Christianity as the state religion)shows that from a Christian perspective there is a clear distinction betweenPolitics and Religion. Politics deals with this life goals and proximalobjectives. Religion deals with ultimate scopes. If the political and religiousplanes are confused, this can lead to the establishment of a theocraticregime which aims at pursuing and achieving political goals under thepretext of religious motivation.

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Family as a Subject of Protection in the State Family Policy

Author(s): Lucjan Świto / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

This article analyzes the subject of the state family policy and whether it really serves the protection of the family on the example of Poland. The research carried out leads to the conclusion that the existing state of affairs results in a “blurring” of the traditional culturally and historically conditioned concept of the family, implic-itly introducing its “mental redefinition.” Behind the facade of support for the family, various forms of common coexistence are protected with increasing bold-ness, which also includes―pursuant to the LGBT gender perspective― same-sex couples. The current family policy is not a policy that perceives the family in a comprehensive perspective and is used for the full protection of all family life. The family, although it is a social value with established constitutional position, is not a subject of state protection and support that would be relevant for this position. The existing legal norms rather protect the interests of individual persons belong-ing to the family than the family as a whole. At the same time, the range of per-sons making up a family―according to a trend to extend the definition of a fami-ly―is increasingly widening.

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Conservative Political Catholicism in the United States

Author(s): Stanislav Přibyl / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

review of: Roman Míčka, Znovu jsme se ujali dědictví otců … Konzervativní politický katolicismus v USA na pozadí komparace Michaela Novaka a Patricka Buchanana, 269 pp. Brno: Centrum pro studium demokracie a kultury, 2014

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Izazovi diplomacije Svete Stolice

Author(s): Iko Skoko,Davorka Topić-Stipić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2014

This paper gives a short overview of the beginning of diplomacy activities with the special emphasis on Holy See diplomacy. It also shows differences between Holy See or Apostolic See and Vatican City State. The authors explain special position the Catholic Church has, as well as its position in international relations. Holy See, as a legal expression of the Catholic Church, has international and legal subjectivity. We shall see which State Body establishes and maintains relations with different states and international associations through Department for states relations.

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DEMOKRACJA LIBERALNA I KAPITALIZM NA ŁAMACH MIESIĘCZNIKA „WIĘŹ” W ŚWIETLE ENCYKLIKI JANA PAWŁA II CENTESIMUS ANNUS

Author(s): Marek Delong / Language(s): Polish Issue: 06/2009

The present paper contains a presentation of an analysis of Pope John Paul II’s views on liberal democracy and capitalism, carried out by a Varsovian Catholic intelligentsia monthly „Więź”. The encyclic Centesimus annus, written by the Pope on the occasion of the centenary of the publishing of Leon XIII's encyclic Rerum novarum, is seen as a major source of the papal teaching in this area. The „Więź” milieu emerged from the „Znak” movement in 1958. At the end of the 1960s the „Więź” group – including young, ambitious people of great political aspirations – fell apart. A prolonged rivalry bewteen Tadeusz Mazowiecki and Janusz Zabłocki ended in the falling apart of „Więź” and the pursuit of diverging ideological orientations. The „Więź” led by Tadeusz Mazowiecki moved then closer to lay liberal opposition, while Mazowiecki became a promoter of open Catholicism, embodied in broadly understood co-operation of liberal miliues. „Więź” is in principle more independent from the institutional Church than the other Catholic monthlies, such as „Znak”. It is also much more concerned with political and historical issues. John Pope II’s encyclic Centesimus annus has been often understood in terms of an apology of capitalism and liberal democracy. Nevertheless, already in his encyclic Sollicitudo rei socialis, the Pope claimed that the Catholic social teaching was critical both of capitalism and communism, which is not equivalent to the Pope’s identical attitude towards the two ideologies. The encyclic Centesimus annus has made an impact on „Więź” publications, as exemplified for instance by a debate on the right form of capitalism. The issue of mutual relations between the Church and the liberal State was discussed as well as a dialogue of the Catholic social thought with liberalism. The publications emphasized a turn of the Church towards democracy and forecasts concerning the social doctrine of the Church in the XXI century. In the year in which the encyclic Centesimus annus was published, i.e. 1991, „Więź” presented positions taken by Polish political parties vis-à-vis the social teaching of the Church. The „Więź” milieu represents the Varsovian centre of the „Znak” movement. During the period of the Polish People Republic (PRL), „Więź” was believed to be a representative of a left-wing stream in the Polish Catholicism.

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THE REGULATORY FUNCTION OF RELIGION IN SOCIAL CONTROL.

Author(s): Ryszard Stefański / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

Andrzej Wierciński (1930–2003) wrote that the period Enlightenment (he did not use the term, however) saw the separation of philosophy and religion as a consequence of the development of empirical sciences, mathematics and logic. The rationalised philosophical world-model was advanced to the rank of an ICS [Ideological Control Subsystem]. Its institutional carriers were bourgeois groups and political parties which caused the first breakdown in the feudal system during the French and American Revolution.

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Politička suština islamske teologije

Author(s): Jelena Vukoičić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 15/2016

Islam is one of the three main monotheistic religions, but also one of the most dynamic and most influential ideologies in the contemporary world. The main reason of the huge popularity of this ideology in the Muslim world is the fact that Islam, unlike some other religions, has a significant political dimension and, beside religious, also represents a political system. Islam has always been the key factor of social and political mobilization in Muslim history, in the periods of crisis as well as in the periods of stability, and no other ideology has ever managed to reach the power of faith. This situation also characterises modern Muslim states in which almost all relevant political organizations, to a certain extent, base their ideological principles on religious postulates. Beside that, in accordance with the trend of religious revival, that has affected Muslim countries and communities in the last few decades, there has been a growth of political organizations that strongly support the complete return to the traditional Islamic norms and laws, so it could be said that Islam is a political choice of the majority, both in the Muslim countries and within Muslim minorities throughout the world.

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Неоосманизм как турецкий вариант имперской модели модернизации и развития

Author(s): Konstantin Lobanov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 15/2016

Over the last 15 years the political leadership of Turkey conducts a course of modernization of the country. Basically, this course reinforces the previous model of modernization and development of the Ottoman Empire and therefore it is called Neo-Ottomanism. The author reveals the peculiarities of the process of implementation of this model in modern Turkey and points to trends such as the strengthening of centralism and authoritarianism within the system of state power, secularisation of social life and expansionism in foreign policy. Paying special attention to the final thesis, the author tries to show the predominantly extroverted character of the Turkish model of modernization based on mobilization of the resource base of countries and regions that were once part of the Ottoman Empire. To this end, Turkey takes an aggressive foreign policy that includes direct support for international terrorism. Thus, the author seeks to actualize the potential risks and dangers that the policy of uncontrolled growth of pro-Turkish influence might bring to the countries of the Balkans, the Caucasus, the Middle East and Central Asian regions.

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Secularization and Democratization in Southeast Mexico

Author(s): Héctor Gómez Peralta / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The paper explains the process of transition to democracy of a Zapotec community in the deep highlands of Oaxaca, in Southern México. That transition go hand to hand with profound religious changes. The paper shows how that political transition took place because a strong process of secularization and religious pluralism that modified all the socioeconomics structures of the Zapotec people. The paper shows the transition from a political regimen ruled by Shamans, a theocracy, to a gerontocracy, a regimen ruled by an Elder’s Council. And more lately, the transition from gerontocracy to the formation of a direct democracy, a regimen ruled by a People’s Assembly, integrated by all the citizens of the Zapotec community.

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Das Verhältnis des Sowjetstaates zur Religion

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 01/1980

In the first of the following documents, two philosophers, in the partisan "Pravda", deal with the fundamental attitude of the Marxist doctrine and the Soviet state to religion and its future prospects in the Soviet Union. In doing so, the thesis is officially supported that Soviet people, increasingly from generation to generation, turn away from religion and turn to atheism. The slowing down of the development of atheistic education is the influence of the religiously-minded generation on the younger generation, such as a report in Komsomolskaya Pravda about a conference of Komsomol officials on the tasks of atheist propaganda and resistance, which it encounters shows (see second and third document). Elderly people also tried, if one believes the presentation in "Komsomolskaya pravda", to keep young people partly "with carrot and stick" in the religion. Finally, the atheist propaganda also takes to "horror stories", as the fourth and final contribution of this documentary shows: The youth organ tells of the ordeal of a young girl who is exposed to the persecution of his Baptist religious brothers, as they want to detach themselves from the sect.

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Polen nach dem Papstbesuch

Author(s): Karl Hartmann / Language(s): German Issue: 03/1980

Three months after the visit of Pope John Paul II to Poland, the Polish bishops for the first time spoke publicly about the current state of church-state relations. They had expected that after this event and their willingness to normalize relations with the state, as advocated by John Paul II, the State would be ready to make concessions. Nothing has happened since then. Disappointment therefore speaks from the communiqué that was issued after the two-day conference of bishops in early September 1979 in Warsaw. The episcopate states that the government does not show sufficient understanding for the needs of the Church, that it denies the believers the rights that they enjoy in public life, that it discriminates against the faithful and excludes them from all leading positions in favor of the Communists. Under these circumstances, the Church cannot take seriously the government's assurance that it will seek cooperation with the Church. The bishops complain that the church is still isolated from the mass media and has no newspaper for the faithful. The "Słowo Powszechne" daily paper published by "socially progressive" Catholics of the organization "PAX" does not consider the episcopate to be an organ close to the church. This criticism is practiced in the communique of the church policy of the state and is reminiscent of the visit of the pope in Poland, which is said to have caused great moral changes in the lives of millions of Poles, proving beneficial to all Poles and useful for the Polish people and the state (Dziennik Polski, London, September 10, 1979).

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Íránská politika a angažmá v Bosně a Hercegovině

Author(s): Josef Kraus / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2018

The aim of this article is an analysis of the Iranian policy towards the region of Western Balkans, mainly the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, since the early 1990s until present days. The security and political dimensions of mutual relation between Iran and Bosnia and Herzegovina are examined. This country has been on the focus of Iranian foreign policy for decades. The article maps Iranian political, religious and cultural activities in the country during and after the civil war. One of the main outcomes of the text is the analysis of stagnation, and we might say even fall of Iranian influence in the region caused by changing of the international atmosphere, Iranian regime itself and the decline of Iranian money flow to Bosnia and Herzegovina caused by problematic economic situation in the Islamic Republic suffering the lack of sources.

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LIGJËRIMI FETAR NË KOHË PANDEMIE - ligjërimi fetar në xhami të themeluara nga shqiptarët në Zvicër, si shembull -

Author(s): Bashkim Aliji / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 16/2021

This paper addresses the issue of religious lecture at the time of the Covid-19 Pandemic, as a very sensitive and challenging phase for religious leaders and for all of humanity on many levels. In this paper it is concluded that religious leaders are relevant factors in the societies where they operate, in particular their key function in connecting the community with society, orienting the community in the right lines of forming an opinion on various phenomena and events, correcting erroneous views and doctrines, and in all this, the religious lecture of the imams, takes precedence. This paper explains that the emphasis of the imams in communicating with the congregation was placed in the way of dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic, in the way of dealing with its social, psychological, economic consequences, respecting the measures provided by the competent authorities. In this paper it is concluded that the lecture of imams in pandemic times, is characterized by these most important features: educational, motivation, theological pragmatism which was distinguished by two important standards: anti-fatalism and strong faith, social character which is focused on the importance of family relationships in Islam, the moral punishment of severing family ties, and the need for closer communication with the family.

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Političke poruke Srpske pravoslavne crkve u vreme poglavarstva Patrijarha srpskog gospodina Pavla i Patrijarha srpskog gospodina Irineja

Author(s): Viktor Stamenković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 22/2022

The Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC) has historically played a crucial role in shaping Serbia’s spiritual and national identity. As a consequence of this, it still represents an institution of high social significance whose attitudes predominantly influence political life in Serbia. This paper analyzes the political messages sent by the SOC after the collapse of socialism and the restoration of pluralism in the country, during the time of Patriarch Pavle (1990-2009) and Patriarch Irinej (2010-2020). I claim that church – state relations, after the initial opposition activities of the church against the regime of Slobodan Milosevic, and active cooperation with the new democratic authorities that replaced him on October 5, 2000, became the closest after the Serbian Progressive Party came to power in 2012.

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Nacionalno pitanje i transnacionalni izazov: Rimokatolička crkva, religija i sekularni nacionalizam u Meksiku

Author(s): Milan Veselica / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1186/2022

Аuthor examines the relationship between religion and nationalism in Mexico from independence until today. Mexico is a country that, after gaining independence, had established the Catholicism as the state religion and a model ofreligious nationalism, and then with the liberal Constitution of 1857 and the revolutionary Constitution of 1917 had separated the Church and the State and established a model of secular nationalism based on secularism and anti-clericalism. The author raises the twofold research question: what the nature of secular nationalism looks like after a period of “thawing” of frozen relations during the 1990s and whether the unstable form indicates a gradual transition to a model of civil-religious nationalism? The aim of the paper is to point out the changed character of nationalism, the most important identity and state-building characteristic of Mexico, and to offer a prediction of the development trend of the relationship between religion and nationalism in the future of Mexico. Because there is no prospect of secular nationalism being abandoned in the nearfuture, its real provocateurs are drug cartels, which, as a “state within a state”, tend to build their own form of religion. Аuthor predicts that the Roman Catholic Church will respond to it, equally as a national and transnational actor. Its strategy would require the stabilization of secular nationalism, but this time within the limits of “twin toleration” between the Church and government.

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Politics in Religion, Religion in Politics

Author(s): Ahmet Erdi Öztürk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In social sciences, there is no consensus on the definition of religion and therefore, defining religion has always been a problematic issue. Yet, it might be possible to argue that; fundamentally, religion is a system of beliefs, rituals and practices, usually institutionalised in one manner or another, which connects this world with the beyond. This system gives all sorts of religions a particular layout, ordinance, and pedestal. Furthermore, religion provides the bridge that allows humans to approach the divine, the universal life force that both encompasses yet transcends the world. More elaborate definitions discuss dimensions of religion that range from the mythical and narrative to the social and material. Religion is a multifaceted phenomenon that has various impacts on the different levels of society, and on internal and external politics. Therefore, it can be seen as an independent, intervening and dependent variable in various types of studies and this structural flexibility brings scholars freedom of specification regarding what religion means.

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Конфликтни потенцијал религијске поделе у Нигерији

Author(s): Danilo Babić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1188/2023

The paper presents a complex picture of Nigerian society. Of the five factors that fuel conflict in Nigeria, the paper emphasizes the religious divide. Nevertheless, the religious divide is not observed in isolation but in the context of other factors that provoke conflicts. These factors are ethnic division and economic factors, i.e., poverty. The paper analyses the ways in which religion influences conflict and seeks to delve into the complex web of Christian and Islamic identities in Nigeria. The change in the political pattern that took place in the presidential elections in March 2023 and the process of introducing Sharia law that began in the early 2000s were identified as challenges of particular importance. Finally, the paper presents communication channels and conflict-resolution methods.

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Положај Римокатоличке цркве у (другој) ружичастој плими у Латинској Америци: упоредна анализа Никарагве и Бразила

Author(s): Milan Veselica / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1188/2023

The paper presents a comparative study of the position of the Roman Catholic Church in Nicaragua and Brazil in the conditions of the (new) leftist wave in Latin America. With the intention of understanding the complexity of the current situation and predicting future political behaviour, the author asks the following research questions: What does the attitude of the Roman Catholic Church towards the left-wing authorities in Latin America depend on? The aim of the paper is to explain the current position of the Roman Catholic Church in the so-called second pink tide and predict the development of church-state relations in these countries. The hypothesis is that the political behaviour of the Roman Catholic Church towards left-wing authorities, i.e., determination for confrontation or cooperation, is not conditioned only by the current situation on the ground but, above all, by the deeper institutional and ideological relationship between the church and the state. Using Daniel Philpott's theoretical framework, the author performs a comparative analysis of the relations between the Roman Catholic Church, i.e., national episcopal conferences, and leftist authorities in Nicaragua and Brazil. For this purpose, he uses the methods of content analysis (constitution and laws) and discourse analysis. He concludes that the relationship between the church and the state in Nicaragua represents conflictual differentiation, while in Brazil, consensual differentiation is at work. The author predicts that in the first case, the Roman Catholic Church, through the resistance of the regime, will strive for democracy, and in the second case, it will balance its (currently quite good) position to maintain its current position.

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