Polen - ein theokratischer Staat?

Author(s): Czesław Miłosz / Language(s): German Issue: 03/1992

In Amerika schon zu verwurzelt, um eine Veränderung meines Wohnsitzes zu erwägen, verfolge ich die neueren Ereignisse in Polen aus der Entfernung. Vielleicht werden einige der Betrachtungen, die ich als unbeteiligter Beobachter anstelle, von Nutzen sein, wenngleich ich nicht bezweifle, daß ich mir viele unangenehme Vorhaltungen ersparen könnte, wenn ich mich mit meiner Meinung zurückhielte. Nach einer solchen Einführung wird jeder erwarten, daß ich die Absicht habe, über Politik zu sprechen. Dem ist nicht so. In meiner Auseinandersetzung mit dem Kommunismus war die Politik ja auch eher ein Vorwand und eine Verkleidung, wie die Leser meiner Bücher, die nach dem »Verführten Denken« entstanden sind, wissen. Der Marxismus erschien mir immer als die Folge einer tiefgreifenden Erosion der religiösen Vorstellungen der Menschen auf dem europäischen Kontinent einschließlich Rußlands. Das hat auch Dostojewski verstanden, der in den »Dämonen« mit prophetischer Kraft die Anstrengungen der Revolutionäre darstellte, einer Welt ohne Gott Sinn zu geben. Von daher hatten die totalitären Bewegungen einen metaphysischen Hintergrund mit negativem Vorzeichen und gehören zu den Erscheinungen des »europäischen Nihilismus«

Der heilige Petrus und John Stuart Mill

Author(s): Marcin Król / Language(s): German Issue: 03/1992

Ich möchte mit der Rolle des Advocatus Angeli beginnen: Die dramatischen Konflikte und Mißverständnisse zwischen der katholischen Kirche und dem liberalen,»aufgeklärten« Teil der polnischen Gesellschaft, die sich zum großen Teil, wenn nicht sogar überwiegend, zum katholischen Glauben bekennt, haben viele Ursachen. Mißverständnisse gibt es auf beiden Seiten: Während die Kirche bestimmte negative Erscheinungen des Liberalismus für dessen Wesen hält, scheinen die Kritiker der Kirche die Essenz ihrer Mission zu vergessen.

Die Kirche und das antistaatliche Syndrom der Polen

Author(s): Józef Tischner / Language(s): German Issue: 03/1992

Warum haben sich die Polen nie mit dem kommunistischen System identifiziert, sondern es von Anfang an als fremd, feindlich und widerrechtlich empfunden? Sicherlich hat die Herkunft des Systems selbst eine gewisse Rolle gespielt: Es wurde mit den Bajonetten der Roten Armee ins Land gebracht. Andere Faktoren waren zweifellos die Zerschlagung des Privateigentums und des freien Unternehmertums sowie die wachsenden wirtschaftlichen Schwierigkeiten. Der Hauptfaktor aber war die Religion: Denn im Endeffekt ist es der Kirche zu verdanken, daß der Kommunismus in seinen Grundlagen von nahezu der gesamten Nation abgelehnt wurde. Man konnte sich nicht mit einem System identifizieren, das den ,Glauben bekämpfte, Atheismus und Materialismus verkündete und darüber hinaus durch künstlich entfachten »Klassenkampf« die Gesellschaft in ständige Unruhe versetzte. Die Situation in Polen unterschied sich in dieser Hinsicht wesentlich von jener in anderen Ländern des sowjetischen Blocks. Wo es an religiösem Widerstand mangelte, reichten die Wurzeln des sowjetischen Kommunismus tiefer und wird es länger dauern, bis sie absterben.

Thomas Paine and Democratic Religion in America

Author(s): Ryan Hoselton / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2015

This essay examines the democratic impulses that shaped Thomas Paine’s vision for a religious revolution. Many historical treatments have recognized the central role that the themes of equality and freedom played in his political ideology. This study expands on this analysis by demonstrating how Paine grounded his religious beliefs in the same soil, advocating for Americans to extend the same democratic ideals of the political revolution to reform religion. Despite the irony that most Americans who supported Paine’s political vision rejected his religious ideas, many orthodox religious leaders adapted their beliefs and practices to the same democratic impulses as Paine. Thus, contrary to many treatments that simplistically juxtapose Paine and America’s faithful, this essay contends that both ultimately contributed to many of the same underlying democratic shifts in religious and cultural authority in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century America.

JONATHAN BROWN O ISLAMU, HADISU I SAVREMENIM IZAZOVIMA

Author(s): Harun Karčić,Jonathan Brown / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 66/2016

In this interview Jonathan Brown, director of Alwaleed bin Talal centre for Muslim-Christian understanding and the professor for Islamic studies at Georgetown University in Washington, discusses the phenomenon of the multitude of authorities on primary sources of Islam, ijtihad, hadith, sharia and challenges that Muslims are facing today.

Patrick Cockburn, Państwo Islamskie, przeł. Martyna Bielik, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2015, s. 204.

Author(s): Karolina Wojtasik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

„Politics of Religion and Nationalism. Federalism, Consociationalism and Secession“

Author(s): Julian Giglio,Miguel Barrientos / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

„POLITICS OF RELIGION AND NATIONALISM. FEDERALISM, CONSOCIATIONALISM AND SECESSION“ Routledge, Abingdon, 2015, pp. xv + 226, ISBN 978-1-138-02414-4

Crkva – za i protiv demokracije

Author(s): Gregory Baum / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 38-39/2009

Uvijek se iznova iščuđavam da je Katolička crkva na i poslije Drugoga vatikanskoga sabora proizvela hrabri i napredni socijalni nauk i istodobno je odbila primijeniti taj nauk na svoj vlastiti institucionalni život. U prvom dijelu članka želio bih 1) prikazati novi nauk Crkve o demokraciji i pokazati da se taj nauk 2) razlikuje od liberalne predodžbe demokracije, 3) i da implicira radikalnu kritiku neoliberalnih gospodarskih sustava, 4) da se oslanja na razum i Objavu, 5) da je formulirao proročku poruku u našem vremenu, 6) i da predstavlja kritiku svih centralističkih struktura vladanja. U drugom dijelu članka želio bih pokazati da Katolička crkva svoj socijalni nauk ne primjenjuje na svoj vlastiti institucionalni život, što je čini neotpornom na nutarnje neusklađenosti i na gubitak vjerodostojnosti.

Kritika današnjih demokracija i putovi ka njihovu humaniziranju s gledišta biblijskoisusovske tradicije

Author(s): Jon Sobrino / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 38-39/2009

1989, usred vremena tiranije i tlačenja, rekao je Ignacio Ellacuria: „Ono što trebamo, nije demokracija, nego ljudska prava“. To znači: ne ono što određene političke poretke oblikuje, nego što životnu stvarnost stvara. A demokracija nije stvorila nikakve životne stvarnosti. Ni demokracija Sjedinjenih Američkih Država, koja je bila aktivno odgovorna za to što se dogodilo u El Salvadoru. On je kritizirao licemjerstvo: „Sjedinjene Države postupaju unutar svojih granica s određenim stupnjem demokracije, ali su izvana apsolutno ravnodušne s obzirom na demokraciju“.

GEERS, Kenneth (Ed.). Cyber War in Perspective: Russian Aggression against Ukraine.

Author(s): Jakub Harašta,Jakub Míšek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2016

Глобални џихадизам – теоријска полазишта супротстављања претњи

Author(s): Hatidža Beriša,Hatidža Beriša,Igor Barišić,Igor Barišić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

Different terminology and theoretical interpretation of global jihadism create confusion in understanding jihadism as a social phenomenon. The undoubted connection with Islamic teachings and theological doctrinal concepts such as Jihad further complicate an objective assessment from the professionals and the public. The theory of contentious politics in this regard allow the creation of a reliable theoretical framework for a thorough analysis of terrorism and rebellion as a violent social movements that also mobilize people to action. However, the resources, contexts and the instruments of mobilization are different. On the other hand, interest and ideology cannot be singled out as the dominant factor in explaining these violent social movements. In the case of jihadism, this violent movement has evolved into a highly decentralized rebel movement of global reach, with religious based ideology as the main integrating factor. Expanding the repertoire of political action, jihadists, from which the use of violence its essential part, stressed the need for creating comprehensive approach that will enable countering global jihadism in all Mao Tse-tung “lines of engagement” on the strategic, operational and tactical level.

Gdy Kościół stracił wizję. Przyszłość wiary w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej

Author(s): Rafał Jakub Pastwa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 668/2017

Instytucja kościelna coraz bardziej oddala się od współczesnej kultury i coraz mniej ją rozumie. Także Kościół w Polsce nie powinien popadać w samozadowolenie z powodu względnie wypełnionych świątyń, bo mamy do czynienia z procesem „pełzającej sekularyzacji”, jak również ze znaczącymi przykładami postaw określanych mianem „apateizmu”. Perspektywy na przyszłość są w zasadzie dwie: pogłębienie kryzysu lub odrodzenie wiary za przyczyną wiarygodnych wspólnot żyjących Ewangelią i aktywności chrześcijańskich myślicieli. Wydaje się, że sekularyzacja prowadzi chrześcijaństwo do pewnej formy dojrzałości, a kryzys i sekularyzacja mogą stać się szansą dla wiary. Chrześcijaństwo powinno dziś wypracować swoistą kontrkulturę, która nie byłaby oparta na obsesji szukania zła i krytykowania wszystkiego wokół. To musi być zupełnie nowa droga pomiędzy dwoma skrajnościami: fundamentalizmem i liberalizmem. I przede wszystkim powinna to być droga duchowa, odnaleziona na nowo.

KUDA IDU AMERICKI MUSLIMANI?

Author(s): Senad Agić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 22/2005

Only after the 9/11 attacks have all the deficiencies in the American Muslims' organizations come to light. These organizations have completely failed in the long-term community development planning, because their programs failed to appropriately address foreign policy, religiously inspired violence, the role of the women, interpretation of the Qur'an and political activism. Therefore, we can say that the state of the American Muslims today is extremely difficult. The main cause lays in the fact that the American Muslim community does not educate its own ulama. Today we have medical doctors, vets or engineers promoting the Islamic education in America, thus replacing the traditional alim, who use to be the source of knowledge about Islamic traditions. Organizations like ISNA, ICNA, CAIR, mosques and Islamic centers are run by the Muslims educated in the West, replacing a thousand years old tradition of Islamic sciences, developed through separate Islamic disciplines, requiring a full devotion to a teacher-student principle and the issuance of the appropriate diplomas.

Руска православна црква и Римокатоличка црква о европским интеграцијама

Author(s): Slaviša Kostić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 155-156/2016

This article analyzes the attitudes of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church on Europe and European integration, through the activities such as the writings of Bishop of Vienna – now Metropolitan of Volokams – Hilarion Alfeyev and cardinal Joseph Ratzinger-Pope Benedict XVI. Furthermore, it perceives their reflection on moral pluralism, the role of Christianity in foundation of modern Europe and in process of European integration as well as their attempt in establishing the creative answer to militant secularism. The culmination of the cooperation between the two churches was the joint Catholic-Orthodox forum in Trent in 2008 and joint declaration of prolonging family values in European Union.

ISLAMSKA DRŽAVA

Author(s): Muhammad Asad / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 20/2004

Prije ili kasnije, u životu svakog naroda dođe trenutak kada mu se učini da on može slobodno uzeti sudbinu u svoje ruke, da su odluke o tome kojim putem će krenuti u zamišljenu budućnost lišene svake prisile koju bi moglo nametnuti neprijateljsko okruženje i okolnosti te da nema zemaljske sile koja bi taj narod mogla spriječiti da za sebe izabere onaj put koji se njemu čini najboljim. Takvi historijski trenuci su jako rijetki i nestalni, i ukoliko narod upravo tada ne iskoristi ponuđenu priliku, iduća mu se – čini se - neće ukazati stotinama godina kasnije.

IMPLIKACIJE GLOBALNOG PROCESA SEKULARIZACIJE

Author(s): Syed Muhammed al-Naquib Al-Attas / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 6/2001

Moramo biti svjesni činjenice da sekularizacija nije konfinirana samo na svijet Zapada i stoga treba da znamo da su tamošnje iskustvo i odnos spram te pojave zapravo najpoučniji za muslimane. Islam u ovom slučaju ne slièi kršćanstvu, jer sekularizacija, koja je, takoðer, na odreðeni naèin, danas prisutna i u islamskom svijetu, nije i neće bitno utjecati na našu vjeru onako kako ona djeluje na čovjeka Zapada.

Sloboda veroispovesti u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu

Author(s): Oliver P. Nikolić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2015

In the first part of an article, the author offers an overview of the historical development of freedom of religion in the United Kingdom and in particular the position of the Church of England. The second part discusses the legal framework regulating the right of religion. In particular, it explains the adoption of The Human Rights Act, which implements the rights under the European Convention on Human Rights. In the third part of the text, there is a theoretical overview of the freedom of religion and what it means. In the fourth section lists the most characteristic case law in the UK courts and the European Court of Human Rights.

Islam i sekularizam

Author(s): Enes Karić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 29/2009

Dopustite mi da izrazim svoje zadovoljstvo i zahvalnost Univerzitetu u Paderbornu, i dr Klausu, na organiziranju ovog razgovora. Od ovog razgovora ima mnogo koristi, a posebno vrijednim u ovom našem susretu smatram samu priliku da razgovaramo o značenjima riječi, pojmova i termina kao što su ‘’islam u prošlosti i danas’’, “sekularizam” i “sekularno društvo” u prošlosti i danas, “sekularna država”, ‘’odnos islama i sekularizma’’, itd. Kao što ste već čuli, organizator ovog skupa predložio mi je ovu temu, dao joj je naslov ‘’islam i sekularizam’’.

Małżeństwa polityczne a koalicja ariańska Teoderyka Wielkiego Próba restauracji Imperium Romanum?

Author(s): Monika Ożóg / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

At the turn of V and VI Century, civilities arising in Italy were ruled by one of the most powerful lords of late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages – Theodoric the Great, the King of Ostrogoths and later ruler of Italy. In the opinion of many historians, this ruler in some way marks a new age, but if we analyze his religious politics, a hypothesis can be stated that through Arian coalitions which were completed, he aimed to set up Imperium Romanum, which will be a main topic of this paper. In the Catholic–Arian relationships one can notice their national character. For Theodoric Arians are the Goths and Catholics are the Romans. It even happens that he uses the names of religions interchangeably with the names of the nations. It leads him into political treatments aiming to form an Arian coalition of German peoples living then on the coast of the southern part of the Mediterranean Sea, in which it is not about being anti-Catholic, but more about consolidating forces to balance the power of Byzantium. The collapse of this coalition led to internal divisions between the Goths, which contributed to the recapture of Italy by Justinian.

Az iszlám és a nyugat viszonya a „muszlim Luther Márton” gondolkozásában. Abdel-Karím Szorús főbb nézetei vallásról és demokráciáról

Author(s): Máté Szakáli / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2017

Religious, cultural, social, economic and political interaction between Islam and the West, at different levels and in various forms, is a centuries old phenomenon. In the 21st century, the interactions are no less intense and relevant, shaping further the pattern of the Islam-West puzzle. However, in the post- September 11 context the discourse is increasingly framed in terms of an “us and them” issue. This paper analyzes the main thoughts of Abdolkarim Soroush (1945-), a leading, controversial and infl uential Muslim scholar from Iran on the relations between Islam and the West. After a brief overview of his life, Soroush’s essential claims will be analyzed in a broader context regarding the „us and them” discourse, and the relationship between religion and politics; in a narrower aspect regarding the concept of West-toxication. The aim of this paper is to show how this scholar, who is often dubbed by both supporters and critics the “Martin Luther of Islam”, frames the problem.