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Corectitudinea Politică în Traducere

Author(s): Emanuel-Daniel Sărmășan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

Through this work, we do not intend to convey the idea that prejudices or any other kind of judgement will disappear completely, as long as freedom plays an essential role in the age in which we live. Even this sort of broad-mindedness about judging certain groups should be pointed out in an intelligent manner. And without any further doubt, translators and interpreters alike should not be allowed to leave room for interpretation concerning the proper choice of a term. The selection of appropriate terms is also dependent on the translator’s cultural knowledge, which is an advanced level of culture in relation to the language from which it is translated, and in order to achieve this, every translator should be well rooted in society’s contemporary times, because they are, in fact, the brains that adapt most quickly to the new trends.

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Bugging: The Kaleidoscopic Literary Politics of Insects

Author(s): Nina Seiler / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This article analyses the appearance of insects in Polish literature of the mid-socialist period. It will elaborate a post-humanist perspective on the peaking presence of flies, wasps, bugs or worms in literary texts both as a motif and as an aesthetic strategy. The article investigates the way the deployment of insects in and through the text modulates the view of and the perspective on their human fellows, and how these modulations can be traced to the social reality of the socialist 1960s and 1970s.

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Book Review: Democracy and Truth a Short History by Sophia Rosenfeld

Author(s): Sakina Shakil Gröppmaier / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Review of: Sakina Shakil Gröppmaier - Democracy and Truth a Short History by Sophia Rosenfeld, 2018.

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A History of Europe Fraught in Contradictions. 1989 – 2021

Author(s): Wolfgang Eichwede / Language(s): English Issue: 06 (49)/2021

The peaceful revolutions of 1989 created a new Europe. This Europe is threatened to be lost today – 30 years later. Within the European continent national intolerance and the use of violence are part of everyday life. Politics is becoming more and more intransparent. Are there chances for change? Anyone who subscribes to the values of the Enlightenment is always at the beginning.

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Poland versus Russia: Competition in Ukraine

Author(s): Andrzej Szeptycki / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2021

This study analyses relations in the triangle Poland–Russia–Ukraine since 2004, bringing an insightful perspective to the realist concept of competition in international relations. For the last sixteen years, despite their unequal power, Poland and Russia have competed in Ukraine. This competition involves not only a fight for influence (quite limited in the case of Poland), but also in respect of the political and economic model that is to be implemented in Ukraine and its international identity. Poland wants Ukraine to become “European”: stable, democratic, and with a free market economy, to secure the eastern border of Poland, and to limit Ukraine’s dependence on Russia. This policy is executed both through bilateral cooperation and the Euro-Atlantic institutions, especially the European Union (EU). Russia, on the other hand, wants Ukraine to keep its post-Soviet identity. An authoritarian and corrupted Ukraine, remaining culturally a part of the “Russian world,” is perceived as guaranteeing Russian interests there, in particular in the context of the expansion of the North Atlantic Alliance and EU towards the East. For this reason, Russia aims at impeding the development of Polish–Ukrainian cooperation. Until 2014 Russia was largely successful in realizing its agenda thanks to the multiple channels of dependence existing between it and Ukraine. However, since the Revolution of Dignity and the beginning of the Russian war against Ukraine, the latter has engaged in a clearly discernible, though uncertain, path to Europeanization, which may favor the implementation of the Polish scenario for Ukraine.

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Recalling Katyń: Poland, Russia, and the Interstate Politics of History

Author(s): George Soroka / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2022

This article explores the role played by the 1940 Katyń massacre in structuring foreign relations between post-communist Poland and Russia. In so doing, it offers a theoretical model through which to understand the combative politics over history that have burgeoned in Eastern and Central Europe after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Tracing how political discourse over the massacre has evolved from the late 1980s to the present, it examines the impact of exogenous influences and changing geopolitical realities on how this event is recalled within these two states, which exhibit markedly different relationships to their shared past. Questions of regime type, relative standing within the region, and how—as well as by whom—interstate discourse over contentious historical events is initiated are all central to the model of dispute origination developed herein, as is the presence of various institutional factors, chief among them membership in the supranational European Union (EU). A shadow study of Polish–Ukrainian relations concerning history, focusing on the mass killing of ethnic Poles that took place in Volhynia and eastern Galicia in the period 1943–1945, is also undertaken in order to illuminate the significant differences in how the past has been politically activated in relations between the respective post-Soviet dyads of Poland–Russia and Poland–Ukraine.

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Evaluation of the determinants of growing current account deficit

Author(s): Lina Garšvienė,Mindaugas Butkus / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The objective of the paper is to identify and generalize the factors determining the growth of current account deficit and select the periods of growing current account deficit and evaluate their determinants. The results of the analysis confirmed the growing current account deficit reaching from 3% to 30% of GDP in different developing and developed countries. The results showed that growing current account deficit is strongly determined by domestic demand and market prices; however, other factors such as national openness, international movement of capital, and the condition of world market have no significant impact.

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General technological competency and usage in public administration education:

Author(s): Judith Kausch-Zongo,Birgit Schenk / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2022

According to the UN’s E-Government Development Index (EGDI 2020), which distinguishes between rating classes V1/V2/V3, it is part of Rating Class V3. When it comes to the digital maturity of Germany’s public administration the weaknesses have become blatantly obvious during the pandemic. Civil servants’ digital skills are one of the core prerequisites for digitalization in the public sector. Therefore, these skills need to play a key role in public administration education to prepare future civil servants for e-government. Since the first step towards digital skills is general technological competency, we are studying the level of general technological competency among public administration students. Whereas other studies focus on the information technology gap in public administration or on pedagogical aspects of technological skills, our study evaluates public administration students´general technological competency and usage. To do so we reflect different evaluation models and base our survey upon the EILAB´s digital competency profiler (DCP) measuring digital readiness of individuals and groups. The case studied is a Public Administration University of Applied Sciences. The survey results show that e-learning (home studies) phases during the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed little to students´ technological competency and usage. On the contrary, competency and usage during on-the-job training phases in public organizations clearly differ to the off-the-job training phases at the University. Hence, the findings reveal a general technological competency and usage gap between the public administration education and the duties in public administration. Finally, the implications of general technological competency and usage in public administration education are presented and critically reflection based on the chosen EILAB model.

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The role of Islam in foreign policymaking

Author(s): Emir Hadžikadunić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Religion has often been an ignored dimension of statecraft, particularly so by realist or neorealist schools. This article explores the question of how a number of states, in which all or a considerable part of the population is Muslim, incorporate Islam as a guiding principle into their broader foreign policy. In this regard, it reviews a selected number of foreign policy cases using individual, domestic and international levels of analysis in which diverse Islamic incentives from major theoretical perspectives interplay with foreign policy. Its ultimate objective is to provide a deeper synthesis of the literature on Islam in foreign policymaking and relating it to major IR theories.

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Unia Europejska w krainie koszmarów: refleksje nad bezpieczeństwem europejskim w czasach niepewności

Author(s): Artur Gruszczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

This article presents some reflections on European integration in times of increasing uncertainty. The migration crisis, the pandemic and the Russian aggression against Ukraine have revealed the European Union’s vulnerability to shocks and threats, mainly of external provenience. They undermined intra-EU solidarity, exposed cynicism and egoism of some EU members, and showed the far-reaching economic and resource dependence of the European Union. Thereby, they undermined the postmodern integration project promoted by the European Commission. The article contains a critical analysis of selected aspects of European integration relating to the security-determined dilemma of identity of the European Union as a bridgehead of a collective defense of the West against external threats. The argument put forward in this article holds that the weakening role of the EU in the international arena, the growing risk of instability, as well as the increased vulnerability to security threats are the results of neglect in supranational decision-making processes, fear of responsibility for defending the global position of the West and the lack of readiness on the part of governments and citizens for a revision of the geostrategic determinants of the Union’s identity in the face of increasing internal tensions and external pressures.

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Perspektywy przywództwa międzynarodowego Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej w nowym ładzie międzynarodowym

Author(s): Rafał Wiśniewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The years 2018–2022 witnessed an acceleration of processes leading to an important transformation of the post-Cold War international order. The most important phenomena are: growing great power tensions (visible in the open Sino-American rivalry and, above all, in the Russian invasion of Ukraine), global effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and (connected to the previous ones) weakening of the world economy’s growth dynamic. In such a turning point in international order’s evolution, the issue of international leadership acquires an outstanding importance. The declarations of PRC’s party-state leadership leave little doubt as to their aspirations to international leadership. The main aim of this article is to assess the perspectives for PRC to play a role of an international leader in the face of the aforementioned trends in the international order’s evolution. The main axis of the text is formed around three research questions: To what degree PRC meets the requirements of effective international leadership: power resources, vision of international order and other actors’ support? Do main processes transforming the current international order (great powers’ conflicts, transnational threats and economic difficulties) support or degrade China’s ability to exercise international leadership? What are the possible future scenarios concerning PRC’s international leadership?

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Dezinformacja w stosunkach międzynarodowych w warunkach czwartej rewolucji przemysłowej

Author(s): Piotr Śledź / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

This paper examines the opportunities for international disinformation resulting from the technological development under the Fourth Industrial Revolution and from its social implications. It assumes these phenomena have brought new instruments and opportunities for states to make use of disinformation on an unprecedented scale which has been enabled by the features of the contemporary information environment based mostly on Internet and social media. As a result disinformation has become arguably easier, more efficient and, therefore, more threatening than ever before. At the beginning the paper explores the aforementioned features and outlines which disinformation strategies can be used on a large scale in such circumstances. It identifies subsequently states making use of the new disinformation toolkit in their foreign policies as well as their main motivations and enablers. The final section presents the countermeasures to disinformation that could be undertaken and assesses the limits of their application.

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Documenting Micro-histories of the Romanian Holocaust: The Compensation Files of the Deportees from Argeș County in the ITS Archives

Author(s): Petre Matei / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2022

This article focuses on the compensation claims submitted in the summer of 1970 by survivors from Argeș County, Romania. Three categories of claims are analyzed, filed respectively by Roma, Jews, and “political prisoners”. The main question the article asks is to what extent and under which conditions this collection of compensation claims can be used to understand the Holocaust in Romania. As the primary purpose of the claims was to get West German compensation, not to provide historical information (which was presented and filtered accordingly, both by the claimants and by the Romanian authorities), the conclusion is that the collection can only prove useful if seen in this specific context and approached with caution.

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OVERLAPPING COMMUNICATION LOGIC FOR GLOBALIZING PUBLIC DIPLOMACY: THE CASE OF JORDAN

Author(s): Emad Ayasreh / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This paper explored how Jordan used overlapping communication logic to enhance its global public diplomacy. Few studies have examined Jordan’s public diplomacy, so this research presents vital information about Jordan’s diplomacy nationally, regionally, and internationally. Because of the dynamic cultures, values, and norms brought about by globalization, nations need to use effective communication strategies to promote public diplomacy. In this case, the public referred to both the domestic and foreign public. The three main communication logics explored were individual, relational, and holistic logic. The research adopted a qualitative systematic literature review, and a sample of ten articles was obtained from Google Scholar and Z-Library. The study found that Jordan has used overlapping communication logic to enhance its public diplomacy domestically, in the Middle East, and globally on different occasions. The limitation of this research was its small sample size. Comprehensive quantitative analysis research is recommended to learn how satisfied Jordanians are with their country’s public diplomacy.

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COMPETITION OF STRATEGY BETWEEN CHINA AND INDIA IN THE INDIAN OCEAN NOWADAYS

Author(s): Tran Long,Yen Tran,Hien Huynh,Hiep Tran / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

In recent years, the Indian Ocean Region has become central to the strategies of major global powers due to a series of geoeconomic and geopolitical factors. While China increased its influence in this region by opening up connections within the framework of the BRI, offering loans, and constructing infrastructures, India, with its “neighborhood first” policy, also preserved its traditional sphere of influence. Due to the rising strategic competition by powers, Indian Ocean Region was at the crossroads of great power competition, especially the strategic competition between China and India. The article was based on a comparative approach and simultaneously compared India and China’s influence in each field in the Indian Ocean region. The analysis showed that competition between China and India in the context of the two countries still has many tensions, leading to each country’s efforts to strengthen military control over the Indian Ocean region. However, this competition tends to serve as a balance between the two countries, motivating them to develop regional power rather than allowing a single dominant state to become a hegemon.

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THE RISE OF NATIONALISM AND RADICAL RIGHT MOUVEMENTS IN THE EASTERN EU COUNTRIES AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY. CASE STUDIES POLAND AND HUNGARY

Author(s): Bogdan Iulian Ranteș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 31/2022

The present work aims to analyze the evolution of nationalist movements in the Eastern bloc of the EU. This manifested itself differently from the situation in Western European states because in the East there were many particularities. For example, at the end of the 90s, only currents and movements of the extreme right or the radical right developed in those states, the blood extreme movements being completely absent due to the communist past of those states. In the first part of the paper, we will analyze the causes that led to the appearance of these currents and movements in the studied region. Then, we will specifically study the emergence and evolution of extremist movements in Poland and Hungary, their roots going back to the interwar period. We will present at length their organization and how some of them came to lead these states, often with anti-EU policies and messages.

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Political Reflections on Bosnia and Herzegovina After Dayton

Author(s): Nikola Kovač / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Debates held at gatherings to discuss the political situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina all too often involve abstract theoretical reflection, without taking into consideration the reasons the country is stuck in an impasse from which it can neither move ahead nor go back. Real understanding and an objective and informed view of contemporary reality in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be attained only by reference to the facts, which history has marked with its bloody seal. Bosnia and Herzegovina can be discussed only out of the depths of its experience, by sharing the horrors of its tragedy.

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Političke refleksije o Bosni i Hercegovini nakon Daytona

Author(s): Nikola Kovač / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

Brojne rasprave na skupovima posvećenim političkoj situaciji u Bosni i Hercegovini nose obilježje apstraktnog teorijskog razmatranja, pri čemu se ne vodi računa o uzrocima koji su zemlju doveli do mrtve tačke, sa koje se ne može naprijed, a nazad se nema kud. Zato je pozivanje na činjenice koje je istorija u Bosni i Hercegovini verifikovala svojim krvavim pečatom, jedini način autentičnog promišljanja i naučne objektivacije savremene bosanskohercegovačke realnosti. O Bosni i Hercegovini se može govoriti jedino iz dubine njenog iskustva, dijeleći užase njene tragedije.

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FROM COLLECTIVE ACTION TO CIVIL DISORDER: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PANDEMIC-RIDDEN CZECHIA AND SLOVAKIA

Author(s): Maciej Skrzypek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This paper aims to present how collective action has transformed into civil disorder against the pandemic policy in Czechia and Slovakia in 2020-2022. The research questions are as follows: 1) What factors decided the transformation of collective action into civil disorder? 2) What were the essential features of civil disorder in each state? The study draws on process tracing, qualitative analysis of sources, and qualitative comparative analysis. The research tool is fs/QCA software. The starting point is March 2020 when a state of emergency was declared in both states. The final point is March 2022 when most of the restrictions were canceled, the unofficial end of the pandemic. Cases selected include public gatherings in protest of the pandemic policy organized at that time in the cities of Prague, Brno, Ostrava (Czech Republic), and Bratislava and Košice (Slovakia). The cities have populations above 200 thousand and all of them are agglomerations that attract major socio-political events. Despite the initial success in dealing with the pandemic, the paper explains why collective actions to protect public health changed over time into civil disorder designed to undermine the pandemic policy. Therefore, the article provides evidence of the role antidemocratic played in inciting civil disorder.

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Relacjonowanie wojny w kontekście bezpieczeństwa - badania polskich i ukraińskich dziennikarzy

Author(s): Aleksandra Seklecka,Agnieszka Węglińska,Tetiana Razumenko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The paper aims to show journalists’ work in the conflict region from the perspective of three aspects of security: soldiers, civilians and victims, and the personal safety of media workers. Another goal is to compare the attitudes of journalists from Poland and Ukraine. The study comprised eighteen interviews with journalists from Poland and Ukraine on the Ukrainian-Russian war from 2022–2023, conducted in January–June 2023. The research sample was a group of journalists reporting the conflict native to Poland and Ukraine. The fulfilment of the set objectives was based on qualitative analysis, and the interviews were analysed using the method of condensation and interpretation of meaning. The authors conclude that respondents adapt their work style to the specifics of the conflict, working with victims of the battle is a test of responsibility for them, and that media organizations usually do not sufficiently care about the safety of their employees. Respondents from Poland have a greater distance to this conflict than Ukrainians.

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