Klod Levi-Stros: maska i mit

Author(s): Senka Kovač / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This paper discuss a relationship between mask and myth and how the appropriate analysis by Claude Levi-Strauss may make clearer a complex field of masks in the part of North America. Claude Levi-Strauss stressed the multilayered character of myth structure. Similar multi-layered character can be seen at the level of expression, content and meaning of Salish, Kwakiutl and other unique masks of this part of North America. Claude Levi-Strauss analysed certain myths trying to explain 'the path' of the masks that belong to the people with similar languages, or those who lived nearby. The mythology of Tsimshian, Tlingit and Haïda people have certain common characteristics that point to the similarities with the nearby groups (Kwakiutl). Despite differences that exist at the level of meanings of the masks, there is also common 'mythological heritage' of the people who used to live in the Northern Pacific Coast. Caude Levi-Strauss showed that there is no final solution in the myth analysis, and that there is no possibility that the dissection of the problem will reveal some hidden unity. 'As mythical though does not want to start clearly somewhere and come somewhere, it never goes through its whole trajectory: there is always something waiting to be fullfield. The same way as rituals, myths are infinite.' It seems that Levi-Strauss explanation of the Path of masks goes in that direction.

"Pobuna označitelja": suvremena radijacija pojma bricolage

Author(s): Ines Prica / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

In this paper the concept of bricolage is applied to the paradoxical contexts of transitory societies using the translation of general theoretical concepts to those politically recognizable. On the one hand, notions of intersubjectivity, improvisation and self-organisation suggest social functioning based on the principles of free market, management and self-government; while on the other, common understanding of transition as the 'application of democracy ' according to a model, introduces radically different background of 'bricolage' as non-inventiveness, imitation, fragmentary connection and 'irrational mentality'.

Povodom Levi-Strosovog koncepta "motiva zaborava"

Author(s): Dragana Antonijević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This paper starts with Levi-Strauss's semantic concept that consists of oblivion, misunderstanding, indiscretion and nostalgia. Through his analysis of North American and Greek myths, Levi-Strauss concluded that 'semantic filed of oblivion' has an important meaning especially in the construction of particular rules and rituals; or, in other words, it has an important part in the introduction of culture to the nature of cognitive and social processes. After the introduction of concept Structure of disturbed communication and some corrections to the Levi-Strauss's concept, I start with the proposition that the period of transition represents unstable and 'slippery' time in which society negotiates different meanings. That is the time when different styles of thoughts, represented by different and powerful groups that have an impact on current social, political and ideological processes, compete with each other fighting for supremacy. Their field of communication can be seen as a field of 'disturbed communication', which in the final instance has a normative function: to reinforce and regulate certain attitudes, ideas and knowledge. This is achieved through the narratives which symbolise a community of newly established order in the moment of its supposed sociohistorical stabilisation. Finally, combining two different theoretical models ` Levi-Strauss's one described above with Greimas's ideas about structures of modes of veridiction, this paper predicts chances of particular paradigmatic forms of thought in transitory Serbia to became dominant modes of thought, despite of their current low visibility in the public sphere. In mythical terms, it seems though that their domineering efforts are predetermined to success or fail, since they position them-selves according to the laws immanent to these structures themselves, which on their part a priori position these structures as powerful or powerless, influential or non-influential communities of thought.

Strukturalizam u proučavanju narodne religije u Srbiji

Author(s): Danijel Sinani / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This paper discusses application of structuralist methodology to the research of folk region in Serbia. I discussed possible anticipations and the beginning of application of structural methodology; period of high popularity of rites of passage theories in our ethnology/anthropology, as well as most developed forms of analysis inspired by structuralism. On the example of two specifically chosen 'case studies' I show the ways in which structuralism in our science helped us to see problems from a completely new angle and foste-red a creation of new and original conclusions. In the paper, I claim that the beginning of applications of the ideas and methods developed in structuralism, made a breaking point with the previous research of folk religion, and at its highest points, in some ways, made a basis for the understanding of folk religion as a holistic system.

Za šta su dobri žanrovi?

Author(s): Bojan Žikić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Levi-Strauss's theoretical-methodological 'legatee' - anthropological structuralism was one of the most important theoretical frameworks used in cognitive anthropology. Since it was sometimes too abstract for 'practical' minds, trained in British-American empirical traditions, Levi-Strauss thought was mediated through the works of British structural-functionalist, particularly those of Mary Douglas and Edmund Leach, who established its premises as a kind of contextualised particularism of the unquestioned universalism. Ideas about the way in which human cultural mind functions, is one of the corner stones of cognitive anthropology, which cognitive anthropology shares with structural anthropology, and from which cognitive anthropology actually in-herits what it shares with structural anthropology - this sounds properly structural ☺ - that is: an interest in the pro-cesses of division, demarcation and classification in a sense of cultural management of a perceived surrounding reality. An example for such analysis, that I use in this paper, is music, or more precisely music culture, an expression that I use in order to imply that the affinity to a type of music, or musical genre should be understood in a sense of a particular cultural way of thinking and acting.

Deset antiteza jednom postizmu u antropologiji

Author(s): Ivan Kovačević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This paper challenges the conception that postmodernism can only be described in postmodernist terms. I claim that theory of ethnography was never part of general anthropological methodology. Furthermore - despite numerous efforts - it never was nor will be a theory at all, but only a discussion of techniques of data collection. Once we formulate the problem, find a location in time and space in which it can best be tested, and confront our hypotheses with either corroborating or falsifying facts, we will be able to abandon the idea - that was being grounded both in American anthropology and Serbian ethnology for centuries - that science begins with collecting facts. Gathering around the already weakened anthropological center would enable us to comprehend the disciplinary damage from wasting very limited human resources. Therefore, I plead for the concentration around the core of anthropology, which is already so vast that it barely allows our discipline.

Ričard Dorson i proučavanje folklora u savremenom miljeu

Author(s): Ljubomir Hristić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Diverse range of subjects that Richard Dorson handled, or had vehemently dealt with or confronted, addressing many disciplinary quarrels, even today presents a benchmark to numerous scientists who, following his theoretic and methodological lead, approach diverse element of the folklore creativity. In his final years, Dorson and his students, made pioneering leaps in successfully obtaining and interpreting folk traditions of the industrialized Midwest. Dorsons presentation of the novel research area within folklore studies, in his seminal publication Land of the Mill Rats, bequests the question ‘Is there folk in the city’, is there a place for folklorists in modern industrial society’, and as we shall demonstrate in this essay, such a question for him and his followers had implications for scientific goals of defining expressions as behavior, i.e. the understanding of human existence. This creation of a historic and contemporary fieldwork amalgam brings Dorson to the epicenter of urban-industrial America, and its new folklore.

Etnografski muzeji/zbirke i konstrukcija identiteta

Author(s): Ljiljana Gavrilović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This paper discusses museum theory and the local museum practice as factors building in construction/re-construction of an identity at various levels, including an individual, minority groups, and dominant cultural, socio-economic group. Furthermore, the paper assesses the role of museum in preventing/including certain social groups/categories toward access to culture as a means of social stratification, and in addition, possibilities of alteration of that same role toward more active participation of a museum in its social surroundings, in accordance with the new museum paradigm. Especially emphasized is an analysis of the role and meaning of ethnographic museums/collections in the process of shaping national/ethnic identities and further possibilities of inclusion of minorities, absent from the usual practice. This refers to the acquisition of objectsbelonging to a minority group, and on the other hand, to their underpresentation, which indicates a cultural segregation.

Postsocijalizam i tranzicija, lokalne zajednice i identiteti

Author(s): Gordana Gorunović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

In the first section of this paper, I describe the new field in anthropology and other disciplines called transition studies, focusing on its thematic and problemic emphases, analytical, interpretive, and ideological categories. In the second section, I point to some topics that can be projected to transition studies from the phenomenological and empirical field of post-Socialist conditions in Balkan societies. The examples are two rural communities, which in the period of post-Socialism are facing new challenges – in the case of (ethnically homogenous) village Stakevci in northwestern Bulgaria, crisis of identity and survival; in the case of Orahovac, Boka Kotorska, Montenegro, the demands for the reconstruction of "national culture" in the function of preservation of ethnic, cultural and national identity.

Predstavljanje projekta Spinning out of control: rhetoric and violent conflict. Representations of 'self' - 'other' in the Yugoslav successor states

Author(s): Jelena Vasiljević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This paper aims to present an interdisciplinary and international project, carried out jointly by the University in Oslo, Institute for Philosophy and Social Theory in Belgrade, and Mediacenter in Sarajevo. Its purpose is to study the role of media rhetoric and discourses on the Other, in the ethnic and territorial conflicts in former Yugoslavia. In this paper, I describe the project’s aims, research organization, covered topics as well as approaches that will be used. In the conclusion, I offer some points of criticism that can be taken into account in order to enable a more adequate attainment of the project’s goals.

O (ne)poslušnim kćerima: žene i rod u diskursu naučne fantastike

Author(s): Iva Nenić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Discursive constructions of gender and femininity in science fiction point to the close ties of science fiction’s "secondary worlds" to the living practices and experiences considering technology and cultural articulation of the difference. Early science fiction novels featured female characters somewhere in the back of the stage, but new wave in science fiction tended to disbalance stereotypes concerning gender, thus making path for cyberpunk and "hard" science fiction from the mid-1980s and on to disperse once unified notion of gender by thematizing effects on technology on human subject. Figure of human-machine hybrid today isusual part of both science fiction and theoretical imaginary, where key contribution stems from the work of feminist theorist Donna Haraway and her view of cyborg as symptom-metaphor of female emancipation through pact with technology. But who owns cyborg’s pleasure? Answer to this question could be found in two science fiction series which proved to be influential in changing genre’s paradigm – in William Gibson’s cyberpunk trilogy "Sprawl", and in Dan Simmons’ tetralogy "Songs of Hyperion" – where key for dealing with fears (and hopes) regarding human relation to technology lies in female characters.

Slika grada u filmovima apokalipse

Author(s): Ana Banić Grubišić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

U ovom radu baviću se predstavama o gradovima budućnosti u filmovima postapokalipse. Kako je prikazano u datim filmovima, globalna kataklizma koja se dešava u budućnosti dovodi do radikalne transformacije postojećih političkih, društvenih i kulturnih struktura koje utiču i na promenu "poznatog" urbanog okruženja. Na osnovu kriterijuma tehnološkog razvoja imaginarnih budućih društava, u radu se opisuju dva najčešća tipa grada budućnosti nakon apokalipse – futuristički grad napredne tehnologije i mali grad/naseobina nazadne tehnologije. Cilj rada jeste da makar delimično odgovori na pitanje šta nam ove popularne kinematografske predstave o gradu budućnosti govore o našem odnosu prema gradu i gradskom životu uopšte.

Alternativni religijski identiteti: Crkva Isusa Hrista svetaca poslednjih dana – opšti podaci i struktura organizacije

Author(s): Nina Kulenović,Danijel Sinani / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

U tekstu se predstavljaju rezultati istraživanja na projektu Ministarstva kulture i informisanja: Urbani kulturni identiteti i religioznost u Srbiji, kao i projekata Ministarstva prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja: Antropološko proučavanje Srbije – od kulturnog nasleđa do modernog društva i Transformacija kulturnih identiteta u savremenoj Srbiji i EU. Prva religijska zajednica s kojom je sprovedeno terensko istraživanje, kao i niz intervjua, jeste Crkva Isusa Hrista svetaca poslednjih dana (CIHSPD), čiji su članovi u javnosti nešto poznatiji kao mormoni. Razmatraju se opšti podaci vezani za osnivanje, učenje i praksu Crkve, kao i struktura organizacije i sveštenstva. Tekst je deo uvodne etnografije koja će biti predmet višestrukih analiza u narednim radovima.

Kratka istorija Crkve Isusa Hrista SPD u svetu i na prostoru bivše Jugoslavije

Author(s): Mladen Stajić,Nina Kulenović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Religija, kulturni identiteti i nematerijalna kulturna baština

Author(s): Danijel Sinani / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Rad predstavlja preliminarne rezultate rada na projektu Odeljenja za etnologiju i antropologiju Filozofskog fakulteta u Beogradu finansiranog od strane Ministarstva kulture, informisanja i informacionog društva RS. U radu se iznose hipoteze i zaključci vezani za posmatranje narodne religije kao nematerijalne kulturne ba- štine i aspekte materijalnosti i nematerijalnosti koji čine fenomene kojima se bavimo prilikom istraživanja religije. Ukazuje se na zna- čaj društveno-humanističkih nauka u radu na nematerijalnoj kulturnoj baštini ali i poziva na promociju same ove grupacije nauka kao svojevrsne nematerijalne kulturne baštine. Problematizuje se pitanje porekla naše nematerijalne kulturne baštine, kada je religioznost u pitanju, i razmatra njen odnos sa kulturnim identitetima.

Grad kao izvorište kulturnih identiteta

Author(s): Marija Ristivojević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Ovaj rad predstavlja prezentaciju teorijsko-metodološkog i konceptualnog referentnog okvira kao osnove dosadašnjeg, a i budućeg istraživanja u okviru projekta. Glavna teza od koje sam u istraživanju pošla jeste da se grad može posmatrati kao izvorište kulturnih identiteta. Uticaj lokalne sredine na proizvodnju određene identitetske kategorije pratila sam kroz analizu odnosa muzike i mesta na primeru beogradske rokenrol muzičke scene. Pod time podrazumevam sagledavanje rokenrola kao lokalnog muzičkog i kulturnog fenomena, identifikovanje ključnih značenjskih elemenata na kojima se taj identitet zasniva (u smislu lokalnosti), a zatim i ispitivanje načina na koji se taj identitetski model upotrebljava u svakodnevnom životu. Značaj ovako postavljenog istraživanja vidim u trasiranju procesa prilikom koga jedan globalni fenomen, u korelaciji sa lokalnom sredinom, isprva počinje da se percipira kao lokalni (autentični), a zatim prerasta u svojevrsni simbol lokalne sredine.

Alternativna religioznost i kulturni identiteti

Author(s): Slobodan Stajić,Danijel Sinani / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

U tekstu su predstavljeni prvi rezultati u radu na projektu "Urbani kulturni identiteti i religioznost u savremenom kontekstu i okruženju". S obzirom na to da je istraživanje u početnoj fazi, sve izloženo predstavlja samo početne premise i prve hipoteze koje će, nadamo se, obezbediti bogatu iskustvenu građu za dalju interpretaciju. Izneti su podaci kojima raspolažu državne institucije a koje se tiču statusa i "vidljivosti" religijskih organizacija u Srbiji. Zavodi za statistiku, Ministarstvo vera i Agencija za privredni registar, svaka na svoj način, značajne za dobijanje relevantnih podataka o verskim organizacijama priznatim i registrovanim na teritoriji države, primenjuju potpuno različite kriteriju me i klasifikacije za određenje različitih oblika religijskog organizovanja. Kao jedna od posledica neadekvatnog Zakona o crkvama i verskim zajednicama, veliki broj alternativnih religija je registrovan, uglavnom, kao udruženja građana, pa je njihovo učešće u religijskm životu u Srbiji u najvećoj meri nepoznanica.

"Pridodato u prevodu": nematerijalno kulturno nasleđe u prevođenju i primeni evropskih politikâ doživotnog obrazovanja u Republici Srbiji

Author(s): Ljubica Milosavljević,Miloš Milenković / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Polazeći od noseće pretpostavke istraživačkog programa antropologije javnih i praktičnih politika, prema kojoj zakoni, strategije, vizije i planovi nisu "čisti" pravno-politički akti proceduralnog karaktera, već da "kriju" neke specifične, izabrane ili neintencionalne, antropologiji tradicionalno zanimljive institucionalne izbore iz obilja nematerijalnog kulturnog nasleđa (poput preskripcije identiteta ili standarda normalnosti), iznosimo preliminarne rezultate istraživanja primene evropskih politika doživotnog obrazovanja u Republici Srbiji. Preliminarna analiza "prevođenja" odnosno specifične glokalne kontekstualizacije, recepcije i instrumentalizacije pomenutih politikâ pokazuje da je na snazi praksa prenošenja, pravne i proceduralne transplantacije bez prilagođavanja kontekstu u kojem politikâ treba da bude primenjena. U slučaju neprilagođene politike doživotnog obrazovanja, izostanak prilagođavanja neophodnog da lokalna verzija a) odgovara međunarodno usaglašenim ciljevima i da istovremeno b) zaživi u praksi, objašnjava se na primerima diskrepancije lokalnih pojmova radnog vremena, neformalnog obrazovanja, "odgovarajućeg" životnog doba za obrazovanje s jedne, i pojmova originalno ugrađenih u tu politiku, s druge strane.

KULTURA

Author(s): Delila Hasanbegović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Da bismo uopće definirali kulturu, odnosno da bismo bolje razumjeli bogatstvo i varijacije kulture, neophodno se osvrnuti na kulturološke studije koje kulturu vijekovima pokušavaju definirati i uobličiti. To svakako nije jednostavan posao, imajući u vidu da kultura ima mnoštvo značenja. U ovom radu neće biti data detaljna analiza različitih aspekata tih studija (teorijskog, političkog, empirijskog), a ni mnogobrojnih autora_ica koji_e su pokušavali_e kulturu svrstati u određeni kontekst i značenje, već će ukratko u ovom dijelu biti ponuđeni osvrti na osnovna pitanja i koncepte kulture.

The Geography, Economy and Society of Indian Diasporas

Author(s): Stephen F. Dale / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

China and India represent interesting and contrasting economic and cultural centers that generated merchant diasporas from among their indigenous populations, but these countries or regions also had very different histories due to fundamental political differences between these two regions. Here the focus will be on India, but with the Chinese experience constantly in the background. The most obvious factors driving the spread of Indian mercantile diasporas were: the enormous reservoir of fertile agricultural land, the early growth of major urban centers and the consequent social division of labor and the production of valuable agrarian and manufactured products to serve a large and diverse population. In addition, as with China, the regions on India’s sea and land frontiers remained less economically developed and socially differentiated throughout most of India’s recorded history. These territories include Southeast Asia, more usefully known here as Indo-China, Central Asia, including the western region known as Mawarannahr or Transoxiana and the eastern zone, including the Mongolian steppe and the region previously designated as Moghulistan or Chinese Turkistan and now as the Xinjiang region of China and finally parts of West Asia, most particularly, Afghanistan and Iran.