Contested World Heritage: The Ancient City of Nessebar

Author(s): Ana Luleva / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2016

Since the mid-1950s the Ancient city of Nessebar has had the status of national cultural heritage; in 1983 it was inscribed in the World heritage list of UNESCO. The article makes an attempt to study the regimes of using of, and living in, the city – world cultural heritage in two different political and economic contexts. The pressure of the tourism industry on the value, which was visible even in the late years of state socialism, became irresistible after 1989 in the context of the liberalised market economy, the interests of the private investors, and the corrupt practices of the institutions – accepted as part of the “normal” market order – that are responsible for the safeguarding and management of the cultural heritage. The ethnographic study argues that intertwined in a Gordian knot around the central question for the residents of the Ancient city of Nessebar, viz. the occupation of the city, which has been declared a world heritage site, are issues like trust and distrust in the institutions, the experience of abiding by formal and informal rules for operation with private property, the notions of social justice, local identity, the use of the cultural heritage as symbolic capital by different social actors and its transformation into an economic one, with the conflicting interconnection between tourist industry and cultural heritage.

Развојни лук и основне карактеристике читаоничког покрета у Војводини - српске читаонице до 1918. године

Author(s): Karla Selihar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2016

The reading rooms started becoming cultural institutions in the time when books became an important part of the society that had desire to get more information by attending different reading clubs. What sets apart Serbian reading rooms in Vojvodina from the others in Europe and Serbia, is their national character and struggle for basic human rights. If we are to see the bigger picture of the reading rooms’ establishment, they cannot just be classified as a precursor of public libraries, they were national cultural institutions that had an educational, cultural and political role. From the librarian point of view, with all the things they did such as: reading, formation of the public holdings (periodicals and books) as well as the advocacy of the written word, these reading rooms were public libraries. According to the fact collected we can say that this reading movement made a deep mark in the national and cultural renaissance of the Serbs not just in Hungary but also the Serbs in other areas outside of Serbia and gave a very good foundation for the development of the public library in the years after the war.

Słownik a plastyczność świata. Studium społeczno-humanistyczne

Author(s): Andrzej Zaporowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

W niniejszym studium rozważam świat jako zbiór zdarzeń, w tym ludzkich działań. Owe zdarzenia znajdują się w sprzężeniu zwrotnym z mnogością układów postaw propozycjonalnych, które nazywam kulturami. Jednocześnie to poprzez odniesienie do kultur zdarzenia są porządkowane. Z drugiej strony, wspomniane układy postaw odzwierciedlają stosowne języki, a w ich ramach – słowniki, których się używa. Analiza tych ostatnich pozwala dostrzec sposób porządkowania świata zdarzeń między innymi za pomocą działań, w tym używanych słowników. Co więcej, porównanie różnych słowników pozwala ująć ten świat w kategoriach plastyczności, jako że postać świata widzianego przez pryzmat jednego słownika różna jest – w tym okazuje się uboższa lub bogatsza – od postaci widzianej przez pryzmat innego słownika. W niniejszym studium podaję dwa przykłady zdające sprawę z takiej różnicy. Oba pochodzą z obszaru nauk społecznych i humanistycznych. Jestem jednocześnie zdania, że działając, w tym słowami, jednostka zmienia świat. Tym samym też zmienia samego siebie. ===== In the present study, I consider the world as a set of occurrences, including human activities. These occurrences construct a feedback with the multiple sets of propositional attitudes that I call cultures. At the same time, it is thanks to a reference to cultures that the occurrences are ordered. On the other hand, the already mentioned sets of attitudes reflect appropriate languages and through them – the dictionaries which are used. The analysis of the latter allows us to see the manners of ordering the world of occurrences, among others with the use of actions, including the applied dictionaries. What is more, a comparison of thought of different dictionaries allows us to grasp this world in terms of plasticity because the shape of the visible world depends on the dictionary – one can be poorer, the other richer. In the present study, I give two examples which perceive this difference. Both of them come from social sciences and humanities. I am convinced that by acting, including acting with the use of words, an individual changes the world, and at the same time changes their self.

Erzincan-Kemaliye (Eğin) Sıra Gezme Sohbet Toplantıları ve “Eğin Fasıl Grubu”

Author(s): Sagıp Atli / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 51/2016

In terms of the Sohbet meetings has an important place in keeping oral traditional culture alive, ensuring continuity and transfering correctly to the new generation. In different regions of Turkey it is known such as: “Barana, Kürsübaşı, Yârân, Erfene/Ferfene, Oturak Âlemleri, Sıra Yarenleri, Cümbüş, Oda Sohbetleri, Sıra Gecesi, Gezek, Sıra Gezme, Velime Geceleri (Eyvan Geceleri), Ateş Gezmesi (Birikme Geceleri), Oturmah”. Outside of Turkey; it is known different names such as: “Geşdek, Coro Bozo, Meşrep, Konuşma and Muhabbet”. Sohbet meetings is known by the same or different names in different regions was carried out, depending on the region's socio-cultural structure, with similar or different applications. Sıra Gezme Meetings the subject of our research, performed in Kemaliye in Erzincan is a tradition. Nowadays, that is not conducted within the traditional structure of meetings is continued with the only musical aspect by “Eğin Fasıl Group”. In this research, after giving general information about the sohbet meetings, we do field research on the subject in Kemaliye and the data obtained from other studies will be examined as titles including Kemaliye Sıra Gezme Sohbet Meetings, “Development and Current Status of the Kemaliye Sıra Gezme Sohbet Meetings”, “General Characteristics of Kemaliye Sıra Gezme Sohbet Meetings”, “The Executive Order of Kemaliye Sıra Gezme Sohbet Meetings”, “Functions of Kemaliye Sıra Gezme Sohbet Meetings”. In the second title; the members of meetings and management structure, conditions of participation, rules, times, space, seating arrangements, meeting types, clothing, etiquette, table manners and fines will be evaluated. Finally, the findings obtained as a result of assembly, research and investigation will be included.

Süper-Çeşitlilik Çağında Çokkültürcülük

Author(s): Filiz Goktuna Yaylaci / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

Today all societies live in a world shaped by communication and transportation technologies, and in an environment where diversity is increasingly distinctive, and different cultures are increasingly in interaction with each others. Ensuring the healthy coexistence of individuals, communities and cultures with different characteristics remains a fateful challenge for all nations and governments around the world. Having emerged as a reaction to uniform policies put in place by modern nation states, and introduced as the best response to flourishing diversity, multiculturalism has been charged with failure in recent years. However, in spite of negative attitudes adopted by some governments, multiculturalism retains its merit in terms of theoretical dimensions and practical applications to provide a fruitful ground for scholarly debates on the future of a world of super diversity. This paper, against the backdrop outlined above, examines the potential of new approaches towards cultural diversity, addressing other academic standpoints critical of multiculturalism, and theoretical conceptions still in the making to replace it

ANTROPOGENESIS TRIAD "BRAIN – CONSCIENCE – LANGUAGE" AS CULTURAL DETERMINER

Author(s): Yan Kapranov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

Purpose. The work deals with the study of the anthropogenesis triad "brain – conscience – language" as a cultural determinant, which allows to assume the possible range of resettlement of the first representatives of the Homo, as well as their links with Olduvai culture, i.e. the culture of Pebbles and / or Abbevillian culture. The research methodology is based on the application of the historical-cultural method with the use of data from archaeology and linguaantropology. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the representation of relatively new archaeological data, which give fundamentals to talk about the lateralization of the hominids’ brain, i.e. the beginning of abstract thinking, the development of the second signalling system (language), the formation of conscious and purposeful work, including the processing of tools, belonging to the Olduvai culture and / or Abbevillian culture. Conclusions. The territory of the African continent, which is hypothetically designated as the "Cradle of Humankind" is currently considered the most likely habitat for the settlement of the first representatives of the Homo; it is confirmed that archaeological finding of the early (lower) Paleolithic arethe tools of Olduvai culture or pebble culture; it has been established that the role of technology progress in the early archanthropes belongs to the Abbevillian culture, which produced stone tools and used the language of the initial stage of development, which is called the hominid language / language of hominids.

Osoba z dysfunkcją słuchu w świetle życia i twórczości ks. Jakuba Falkowskiego, założyciela pierwszego w Polsce Instytutu Głuchoniemych

Author(s): Grzegorz Bachanek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

Fr. Jakub Falkowski (1775–1848) sees a profoundly deaf person as someone who has been createdby God, gifted with special dignity and called to eternal life. A profoundly deaf person is not void ofreason and feelings. They are able to develop intellectually and morally. A profoundly deaf person canlearn to share their thoughts and feelings, and in this way enter into a profound relationship with peopleand God himself. He or she is open to God. The Christian faith supports them in taking on difficulttasks and overcoming difficulties connected to disability. Work plays an important role in the life ofdeaf people. Thanks to it they are able to make their living, be independent, contribute to their homeland,help others, develop their skills and experience joy. From the very beginning of the establishmentof Falkowski’s Institute a profoundly deaf person could develop their talents in an extraordinary waywithin a supportive environment.

„Rózsi néni! Gyütött-e?”

Author(s): Péter Halász / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2018

The traditional activity when people gather the products of nature necessary for basic living without replacing them is called gathering in ethnography. There are three groups of this activity practiced by Moldavian Hungarians. They could collect non-living materials, such as soil, stones, oil, fresh water and salt water, as well as living materials and living creatures: plants for food and healing, for feeding the animals or for other purposes, animals and animal products, such as insects, crabs, snails, turtles, bird eggs, and dry manure. As a result of the transformation of traditional peasant life, nowadays the different forms of gathering are becoming less frequent.

СОЦИО - ПРОФЕСИОНАЛНЕ КАТЕГОРИЈЕ И ПОТРОШЊА

Author(s): Mirko Filipović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1998

Једно од основних питања на које социологија у овој области покушава да одговори јесте следеће: да ли je глобални ниво прихода једина детерминанта потрошње - у ком случају би сви људи са истим приходом трошили на маље-вшие исти начин - или пак постоје различити начини (обрасци) потрошње, евентуално укорењени у класно-слојној припадности - у ком случају би се припадници различитих слојева понашали на различите начине, следећи некакав, за класу или слој типичан, образац расподеле буџета?

In memoriam Emilia Comişel (1913-2010)

Author(s): Elise STAN / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 24/2010

Zastosowania nowoczesnej biotechnologii z perspektywy ciała jako projektu

Author(s): Ewa Staniec-Januszek / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 2/2019

The primary purpose of this article is to show the place of the body in culture and society as a project from a perspective of modern biotechnology. These considerations fall within the scope of sociology of the body, sociology of culture and cultural anthropology. The understanding of the body crosses the past lines nowadays. According to the reasoning of, among others, Chris Shilling, Honorata Jakubowska, Kate Nettleton or Francis Fukuyama, the completely new functions and boundaries of the body can be found. Body is not only an eternal biological being, but also a social and cultural one. This bodily project pushes an individual to continuously create it and to introduce changes and modifications in the body. Biotechnology, with all its opportunities, is perfectly synchronized with the body project. Next to the body project, the considerations concerning the understanding of the body as the capital and the issues of commodification along with its fragmentation were presented. Based on these considerations, the forms and body-modifying behaviour were pictured with special regard to biotechnology.

КОНСТРУИСАЊЕ ДРУГОСТИ КАО МИЗАНТРОПИЧАН ПОСТУПАК: ПРИМЕР ТЕЛЕВИЗИЈСКЕ СЕРИЈЕ „МЕТАЛНА ЗВЕЗДА”

Author(s): Bojan Žikić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2019

Otherness appears as a reflexive category in the process of identity ascription and description. Cultural identities are often constructed through cognitive, emotional and practical opposing to something, most frequently in terms of what we ourselves are not. This is particularly true for ethnic identities, but it also remains present in many other instances of identity building, from local to fan-based identities. The basis of such a procedure is to establish a we-group as a reference in relation to which othering is carried out. What stands for small groups applies also to larger groups: they establish a system of values which serve as a cohesive factor in the existence of a given group and which allows its members to determine themselves in relation to the rest of the world in general, as well in relation to some other similar group. Conflict with others appears as an essential feature of such a value system. Taken to the extreme, the conflict as a means to an end can be considered as a fundamental element of misanthropy in the process of construction of we-groups. It works by way of deliberate depriving of its members of empathy through dehumanization of the other, which makes the backbone of othering. The establishment of a nuclear family as a we-group in the British-Canadian television series „Tin Star” is the example where this process of othering is employed as a misanthropic device.

EKSTREMNA HERMENEUTIKA TOMINOG JEVANĐELJA

Author(s): Milan Vukomanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2019

The main thesis of this article is that an appropriate interpretation of the Gospel of Thomas, one of the most important and most enigmatic non-canonical documents of Early Christianity, has not been thoroughly carried out without accepting a unique hermeneutical challenge of its pseudonymous author directed to his readers and followers. A true response to this interpretative challenge is a unique „extreme hermeneutics”, because in the incipit of the Gospel of Thomas, its appropriate interpretation has been announced as the matter of life and death. Therefore, a sort of verbal „distortion”, a meta-linguistic transformation or commitment to paradox appears as a mysterious key to revelation, i.e. as a way to reveal a great mystery deeply embedded in the structure of reality manifested by the ‘Living Jesus’. Like the Buddhist (Rinzai) Zen masters, who applied the koans in their practice, Thomas’ Jesus did something with his words. His profound, paradoxical proclamations perform a distinct performative-soteriological function, an effect partly produced by canonical gospels through their meta-linguistic techniques, such as miracles or ‘signs’. Finally, the author has pointed out the parallels with some other philosophical and religious teachings (Zen Buddhism, Advaita Vedanta, etc.) in which the Thomasine experience of awakening, i.e. the insight into the true character of a unique and indivisible nature of ultimate reality, has also been emphasized.

NASTAVAK PRIČE O IŠIJU: PROMENE ZNAČENJA NARATIVA U AMERIČKOJ ANTROPOLOGIJI I POPULARNOJ KULTURI

Author(s): Gordana Gorunović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2019

The story of Ishi and his exterminated people was woven into the early twentieth-century history of anthropological disciplines, biographies of the scientists-participants and the history of modern American culture. As time went by, it has grown into an exemplary popular story of the suffering and resistance of the First Nations, the responsibility and suppressed guilt of white colonists and colonizers, as well as of the attempt to heal the trauma in the encounter with anthropologists before the First World War even before the descendants of indigenous people in the United States acquired civil rights. This article deals with the golden fever and colonization that led to ethnic cleansing and genocide in California during the 19th century; the manner in which the writing of Theodora Kroeber about the forgotten man Ishi and Yana nation had created a „great American story”; and how the narrative of Ishi was given a continuation, with a new entanglement and meaning, at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century.

MESTA, „NEMESTA“ I PRILIKE PIJENJA: PROSTORNI I SITUACIJSKI ASPEKTI KULTURE PIJENJA MLADIH U BEOGRADU

Author(s): Nevena Milanović Minić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2019

Adopting the basic proposition that public and private spaces and domains of human interactions are produced through interactions, and thus posed as cultural constructs, in this article I meditate concepts of place and „non-place“ as identity arenas. Firstly, I tackle theoretical framework that has dealt with places and „non-places“ in humanities and social sciences, and then, through analysis of ethnographic material, I offer explanations of spacial and situational aspects of youth drinking practices in Belgrade: parks as parts of public city sphere, at-home parties as parts of private sphere, non-formal and weekend going-outs. Informal interviews and participant observation as methodological tools showed that young people tend to transform „non-places“ into significant identity arenas that corelate with drinking occasions, and that common signifier, which links place and occasion, is produced through sentience of conviviality.

THE WILLS OF DALMATIAN PHYSICIANS AND THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS FROM 14TH AND FIRST DECADE OF 15TH CENTURY

Author(s): Branka Grbavac,Željko Dugac / Language(s): English Issue: 37/2018

The paper analyzes ten wills of Dalmatian physicians and their family members from 14th and fi rst decade of 15th century that were preserved in State archive in Zadar and State archive in Dubrovnik. Physician’s wills are valuable source forstudy of different aspects of social life within communities, but also produce certain insights important for history of science and medicine. Content of those wills enables apprehension of social and material status of physicians and their family members and purposes for which they directed their assets. At the same time, it is possible to notice that physicians, as did other citizens of that time, followed socially acceptable form in distribution of estate. Authors in the paper also analyzed part of inventory of Šibenik physician Antun from Spilimberg regarding the list of important medical books mentioned physician possessed, for they witness that such medical literature was present in libraries of certain physicians and was used in Dalmatian communities.

KÜLTÜREL MİRAS OLARAK HAYVANLARIN ATASÖZLERİMİZE KATTIKLARI ANLAM ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Author(s): Osman Türk / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 44/2019

Language, which is one of the important elements of culture, reflects the truths of society on the one hand and ensures the re-formation and continuation of culture on the other. Language is among the most important transmitting elements of the knowledge and experience gained from the past to the present. From oral culture to written culture, national and social beings, which are the subjects of research in many aspects such as history, literature, philosophy, folklore, sociology, psychology and morality, are very important language structures in terms of expression power and concept richness. Proverbs, like the mirror of the context in which they come from, have survived for centuries, albeit in connection with changes and transformations. It is possible to speak of an experience where human beings exist and a cultural phenomenon where human beings exist. Language, which serves as an important bridge in spreading this experience and cultural values and transferring it to the next generations, reveals some gains in terms of human history. Proverbs is a literary concept which contains all the features of cultural geography and national values and shows diversity in terms of meanings. Proverbs are stereotyped legacies that are the identity of a nation. These witnesses, the product of thousands of years and experience, are witnesses of our history and ancestors. These expressions, which are one of the important elements of our cultural life, have been experienced sometimes from a phenomenon, sometimes from a story and sometimes independent of all these. The study of proverbs in general is to determine the place of certain animals in our history in particular. These; At, Aslan-Arslan and Camel concepts will be discussed. In this study, the animals used in our proverbs and their meanings are evaluated alphabetically by using TDK Proverbs and Idioms Dictionary and Ömer Asım Aksoy's Proverbs and Idioms Dictionary.

The School of Thought: Relational Processes of Lasting Existence and Transformation

Author(s): Ewa Marynowicz-Hetka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This article is an attempt to analyze the features of the titular concept of the school of thought, which occurs through participation in situations that encourage the sharing of experience. The formation of a school of thought is understood as a relational process; therefore, in this context, a consideration of social relationships becomes a key task. It is also an expression of the culture of practice shared by participants in the activity and created by them. As a result, a school of thought is understood as an interweaving of relationships, opinions, and positions which direct and orient the activity. Relational processes are examined from this perspective, i.e. the processes of the lasting existence and transformation of a school of thought, presented in their many different dimensions.

Лицем у лице: Однос колектива и појединца у првом ангажованом југословенском филму

Author(s): Lada Stevanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

The film Face to face (1963)has been directed by Branko Bauer and is often regarded to be the first political and critical film in Yugoslavia. The plot is set on a workers’ council, after a worker has been fired and his colleague (Milun Koprivica) stands up for him and openly confront the director. This act leads to the punishment of Koprivica – his exclusion from the Communist Party. The whole film is a complex psychological drama that includes all who are present, opening many questions that belong to the domain of anthropology, such as the attitude of the collective towards the individual, the dynamics of the collective that is disciplined, hierarchy, mechanisms of the belonging to (and rejection from) the collective, taking (political) responsibility etc. The film was produced during the period of self-managing socialism in Yugoslavia with the attempt to decrease the power of the newly established class of political elite. In that sense, the film has also didactical component. Its thematic and socio-temporal perspective resembles the famous film Twelve angry people (1957). The film Face to face (1963)has been directed by Branko Bauer and is often regarded to be the first political and critical film in Yugoslavia. The plot is set on a workers’ council, after a worker has been fired and his colleague (Milun Koprivica) stands up for him and openly confront the director. This act leads to the punishment of Koprivica – his exclusion from the Communist Party. The whole film is a complex psychological drama that includes all who are present, opening many questions that belong to the domain of anthropology, such as the attitude of the collective towards the individual, the dynamics of the collective that is disciplined, hierarchy, mechanisms of the belonging to (and rejection from) the collective, taking (political) responsibility etc. The film was produced during the period of self-managing socialism in Yugoslavia characteristic for the attempt to decrease the power of the newly established class of political elite. In that sense, the film has also didactical component. Its thematic and socio-temporal perspective resembles the famous film Twelve angry people (1957).

Традиционная одежда калмыков

Author(s): Vyacheslav N. Khoninov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 03 (34)/2019

The article contains a full description of Kalmyk traditional clothing. More than 30 names for women’s and men’s clothing are considered, including summer and winter, everyday and festive clothes, which are additionally characterized by differences in material out of which they are made (cloth, fur, hide or leather), ways of cutting and sewing, and some details of design: sheathing, trimming, decorative chiffon, ornament. After studying the names of Kalmyk traditional clothing, we can conclude that the Kalmyk costume is a unique phenomenon of material culture, which was formed not only by the Kalmyk way of life, but also by the inter-ethnic contacts with neighboring peoples.