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The epic of Manas is a cultural value that brings the historical events of the Kyrgyz from past to present within the scope of literary measures. The epics, which are the reflection of a people's spirituality, historical and aesthetic existence in the literary field within the framework of national feelings, have an important place in the common values of national culture and history. In this context, Türk Manas Epic ”which can be defined as the poetic expression of Kyrgyz history has a special place as one of the values which will bring the whole Turkish world together in the same roots. The Epic of Manas is like a Kyrgyz magazine which tells the ways of the life and customs of the Kyrgyz, their feelings and thoughts, their history, their struggle against external enemies, their world views, their social and spiritual world, their morality and religion. Cakıp, the father of Manas, who ruled the Kyrgyz people as a khan, discusses the future generations of Manas, son of Manas Semetay and his son Seyitek, the wars between the Kamuk-Chinese khans such as Esenkan, Konurbay and Chon Kete, and the attempts of indepence of the Kyrgyz. The aim of this study is to examine the social structure of the Kyrgyz as described in the epic, and to establish a judiciary about their management systems, rights and law issues and their social strata in the Middle Ages.
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Purpose – This research was carried out to determine the national culture perceptions and organizational dissent levels of the members of the organization, and to examine the effect of national culture on organizational dissent preferences. Design/methodology/approach – Relational survey method was used in the research, the field study was carried out in Alanya Municipality. Data from 353 questionnaires were evaluated. Findings – With analysis, it has been concluded that employees are highly masculine, have high power distance, high uncertainity avoidance and high long-time orientation and highly collectivists and also it has been concluded that they consist of individuals who tend to show moderate upward dissent, low level of lateral dissent and moderate level of displaced dissent. With regression analysis, it was determined that masculinity-femininity, collectivism and power distance dimensions had a negative effect on upward dissent preferences. In addition, a positive effect of uncertainty avoidance dimension on upward dissent preferences and masculinity-femininity dimension on displaced dissent preferences was observed .No relationship was found between the long-short-time orientation dimension and the sub-dimensions of organizational dissent. Discussion – The findings were examined together with the theoretical framework, and proposals were presented to future researchers and organization managers.
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This article is devoted to the lexis of the Nogai language recorded in the 18th-century dictionary of P.S. Pallas, Sravnitel’nyje slovari vsex jazykov i narečij [Comparative Dictionaries of All Languages and Dialects] (1787–1789). Pallas, an outstanding German zoologist and botanist, participant of numerous expeditions in the eastern provinces of the Russian Empire, became the editor of the dictionary on the order of Empress Catherine II. The classification system and nomenclature used by him show the 18th-century state of knowledge about the internal diversity of Turkic languages, whose speakers inhabited the territory of the Russian Empire. The Nogai language stands out from other Kipchak languages due to phonetic features that show both similarities and differences from the Turkic language family. The analysis of the collected lexical resource in connection with ethnographic data allowed for the identification of the recorded language.
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The article attempts to reconstruct the linguo-cultural view of the Świętokrzyskie village contained in the microtoponymy of the Kazimierski district. The ways of perception and interpreting the surrounding reality by the local rural community are presented. The onymic material contains over 500 microtoponyms, i.e. names of local uninhabited places and objects, land objects (e.g. fields, meadows, forests, mountains, pastures, hills) and water objects (e.g. swamps, ponds, streams, rivers). Among all the collected field names, the author distinguished the names whose source of motivation are the objective properties of the referent: location, size, shape, etc. (topographic-locating and topographic-characterizing names), and the names that show the relationship between an object and a person (possessive, business and occasional/memorial names).
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Cultural-studies-oriented reflection on memory has a rich literature. Therefore, this article is not about just any reflection on memory, but one that treats issues relating to commemoration as central to cultural studies. Stefan Bednarek’s concept of mnemotopos is representative of this current. Bednarek’s theoretical proposal was built concerning Maurice Halbwachs, Pierre Nora and the rich Polish literature on cultural memory. The article poses the question of the benefits of a memory turn implemented in this way. To what extent is such an approach cognitively fruitful, and to what extent is it limited to a terminological refreshing of the language of considering culture? Does it lead, and if so—when, to a reductionist capacity to explain and understand cultural phenomena?
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The article attempts to answer the following question: Can contemporary art, in which artists reach into their intimate dreamworlds, be used as s cornerstone on which a community might grow and flourish? Taking up the issue of building relationships, the author considers aesthetic changes in surrealist art, references, among others, by Cecylia Alemani, the curator of the 59th Venice Biennale in 2022. This reference point made it possible to present the ways in which contemporary artists who engage with the category of intimacy create their “mirror-works.” The process of creating a relationship has been analyzed in the context of the translation procedure. This theory is introduced by reintroducing the concepts of Susanne Langer—a philosopher and one of the leading minds behind the emotional theory of art. This issue was discussed on the example of selected works that were presented at the 2022 Biennale, including the works of Leonora Carrington, as well as the exhibition presented in the French and Polish pavilions.
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Pracę Paryż, mit współczesny zaopatrzył Roger Caillois w motto z Balzaca: „Mity współczesne rozumiemy jeszcze mniej niż starożytne, choć dajemy się pożerać mitom”. W istocie, człowiek współczesny wplątany jest, podobnie jak przed wiekami, w gąszcz wyobrażeń mitycznych, których istoty zrozumieć nie chce lub nie może. Caillois tłumaczy ten fakt ciągłym istnieniem potrzeb, które powodowały stwarzanie mitów w przeszłości, a dziś istnieją nadal i, choć może zmodyfikowane, są dalej tak żywotne, że dla ich zaspokojenia powstają mity nowe.
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Indeks polskich miejsc pamięci pochodzi z archiwum Stefana Bednarka i jest ich listą roboczą, sporządzoną w trakcie projektu badawczego realizowanego pod jego kierunkiem w latach 2009–2011 w Instytucie Kulturoznawstwa Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego. Obejmuje zakres szerszy niż opublikowane pod redakcją Stefana Bednarka i Bartosza Korzeniewskiego Polskie miejsca pamięci. Dzieje toposu wolności (2014).
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The article identifies two approaches to the subject of cultural security: “national cultural security,” based on the assumptions of national security, and “individual cultural security,” the foundation of which is the concept of human security. It also analyses them in terms of different views on the relationship between individual and group identities, the dominant culture and minority cultures, as well as international relations. In addition, the article presents the main issues resulting from the adoption of each paradigm of cultural security.
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The proverbs of Azerbaijan reflect the history of the Azerbaijani people and provide important information on family structure, marriage, obligations, relationships within the family and among family members, and gender roles. These adages express the cultural values and norms in society by reflecting the roles and relationships within the family in detail. Particularly, in the proverbs emphasizing the sacred importance of family values for society, roles of women and men, marriage processes, child upbringing, and sibling relationships are addressed, paying attention to social norms of the community. Azerbaijani proverbs related to the concept of family encompass a wide range of information, from intra-family relationships to duties and obligations among family members, including fatherson, mother-daughter, mother-son, foster mother, servitude to children, and sibling relationships. The article provides information about proverbs and the concept of family in Turkish culture. Azerbaijani proverbs related to the concept of family in the books “Atalar Sözü” (2004) and “Atalar Sözü, Elin Gözü” (2005) have been translated into Turkish and analyzed in terms of meaning. These proverbs discuss various aspects of family life, from the establishment of a family to the characteristics of family members and relationships among them. In those proverbs, a variety of sayings have been mentioned, ranging from the establishment of the family to the characteristics of family members and relationships among them.
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Folklore; It is the totality of knowledge, skills, beliefs, rituals and teachings that are transferred from generation to generation among members of society. Folklore products, which emerged as a result of thousands of years of experience, contribute to the formation of social memory. People’s beliefs about weather forecasts are among the most interesting topics of folklore. These beliefs are ancient knowledge obtained by trial-and-error method and have survived to the present day through oral transmission. When it will rain, whether the winter months will be cold or warm, whether there will be drought in the summer, which direction the wind will blow, etc. Predicting information such as this allows the public to prepare for meteorological events. Beliefs about folk meteorology, which is a result of people’s observation and interpretation of natural events, are quite common in Turkish folk culture. In this study, the beliefs of the people living in Giresun province regarding weather forecasts were chosen as the subject. In the study, beliefs about traditional weather forecasts that remain alive in oral culture were identified by using the semi-structured interview method with resource persons. It is thought that the study will contribute to Turkology research and Giresun oral culture inventor.
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The Balkans, which remained under the influence of the Ottoman Empire for 5 centuries, is one of the important research areas of Turkish folk culture. With the conquest of the Gallipoli peninsula by Orhan Gazi’s son Süleyman Pasha in 1354, the Ottoman Empire’s dominance and subsequent conquests in the Balkan geography began. In the Ottoman Empire, the Balkans is called the Rumelia province. The Balkans is an important transit route and settlement area that includes Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Albania, Romania, Montenegro and Kosovo, along with a part of Turkey. The Balkans, which was under the domination of the Ottoman Empire for about 5 centuries, is one of the important lands that can be considered as the legacy of the empire. The Ottomans influenced and transformed the Balkans in almost every area during its rule. After the conquest process, a common Turkish folk culture emerged with various interactions between Turks and Balkan peoples who settled in the region. The cut head motif is one of the reflections of the “Alp-Gazi Type”. It is possible to see the "cut head" motif in various genres in Anatolian and Balkans Turkish folklore. It is rumored that the Alp-eren, who moved to the region for the Turkification of Anatolia and the Balkans and the spread of Islam, continued the war by getting their heads cut off by the enemy during the war. In this study, the saints existing in Anatolia and the Balkans were scanned and the saints and endowments with the cut head motif were determined. In the text, the legends and narrations of the saints with this cut head motif are also conveyed. Tombs were identified in the cities of Adana, Niğde, Ankara, Hatay, Erzurum, Isparta, Sinop, Elazığ, Konyai Kars, Muğla, Gümülcine (Greece), Mitrovica (Kosova), Prizren (Kosovo), İskaça (Romania), Adakale (Romania), Şumnu (Bulgaria) and Vranya (Macedonia) and tried to be explained in detail in the study. In the study, two field-oriented literature searches were made and besides, the findings obtained from the field study were tried to be conveyed.
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Societies have expressed their life practices and experiences orally. These oral language products have sometimes transformed into poetry, songs, tales, stories, and epics. Societies have utilized the art of music while expressing their thoughts and emotions through these genres. Music plays an important role in reflecting and transmitting the cultural values of a society. Kazakh society also make extensive use of songs in their wedding traditions, which are characterized by entertaining and rich ritual features. The marriage tradition of the Kazakh Turks is marked by magnificent celebrations. The music and musical lyrics performed here are legacies of cultural life. Musical performances observed in the Kazakh wedding tradition, such as “jar-jar, betaşar, sınsu,” are significant in terms of the meanings they carry within the oral culture. The “sınsular” sung during the farewell to the bride are laden with philosophical thoughts reflecting Kazakh oral culture and their cultural worlds. In this respect, it can be said that the music performed within the context of wedding traditions not only reflects the emotional world of the Kazakh people but also exhibits social attitudes that guide human relationships. This study examines the musical performances that remain current in Kazakh oral tradition and their connections to tradition. The cultural meanings carried by the words in Kazakh wedding music and the rituals performed in the execution environments have been evaluated. It has been identified that the songs sung during the farewell to the bride, the verbal exchanges between the bride and groom during the wedding, and the musical melodies and lyrics performed during the bride’s unveiling ceremony still reflect the shared joys of the community today, and are used to convey important messages affecting wishes, desires, and interpersonal communication. The overt and covert functions of the messages conveyed by the songs sung in the Kazakh marriage tradition have been addressed. Changes and transformations between the songs sung in ancient wedding traditions and those sung today have also been explained. The cultural analysis of changes in the songs performed in the marriage tradition following technological advancements and economic changes has been conducted.
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This paper explores public attitudes towards the social impact of artificial intelligence in the European Union. The premises of the study are that the cultural dimensions, as outlined by Inglehart-Welzel, have an intricate relationship with the way people perceive technology. The analysis aims to explore how national-level data from the Eurobarometer aligns with culture and explain the relationship drawing on concepts derived from the sociology of technology. The results show that public attitudes towards AI are multifaceted and influenced by various cultural mechanisms, highlighting the importance of taking a holistic approach to the implementation and regulation of artificial intelligence. Our findings can guide policymakers, tech developers, and educators alike, in promoting, respecting, and shaping deep-rooted cultural beliefs and values among the European nations.
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