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Anticiganizmus ako bariéra k inklúzii Rómov

Author(s): Milan Hrabovský / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Problematika anticiganizmu rastie na význame. Aj povrchnejší pohľad na rôzne štúdie a materiály vytvárané na pôde Európskej únie poukazuje na – nazvime to isté zdesenie, že v európskych spoločnostiach existuje skupina ľudí, ktorých životné podmienky vykazujú vysokú mieru chudoby, nedostatku a núdze. Život v tzv. „osadách“, v situácii biedy, chudoby, negramotnosti, nedostatku hygieny a katastrofálnych podmienok bývania, znamená, že už nečelíme iba problému na úrovni osobnej skúsenosti, ale na úrovni celej spoločnosti. Snahy o ucelené riešenie tejto situácie však opakovane zlyhávajú.

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Vplyv orientalizmu vo vede a v politike na spolunažívanie Rómov s majoritnou spoločnosťou

Author(s): Vesselin Popov,Elena Marushiakova / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

V uplynulých desaťročiach zaznamenal koncept orientalizmu Edwarda Saida (1978) hlboký transformačný vplyv na celý sektor spoločenských vied a humanitných odborov. Podľa jedného zo základných princípov tohto konceptu novodobá západná (post-koloniálna) veda zaujato interpretuje Východ pohľadom zvonka, keďže v skutočnosti neskúma samotný predmet výskumu, ale svoje vlastné predstavy o ňom. Koncept orienta lizmu bol jednými autormi prijatý nadšene, inými kriticky. Kniha Edwarda Saida však napriek kritike inšpirovala sériu prác o rôznych regiónoch a národoch vrátane prehodnotenia postojov voči menšinám či dokonca voči vlastnému ľudu (Buchowski, 2006: 463 – 482). V tejto súvislosti sa v západnej antropológii za posledných približne 20 rokov uskutočnil určitý druh kolektívnej introspekcie a seba reflexie, ktorý možno obrazne nazvať nemeckým pojmom „Vergangeheitsbewältigung“, koloniálnej minulosti disciplíny a prehodnotenie metód tendenčnej politickej analýzy cudzích kultúr, ich interpretácií a zdôvodňovania (Scheffel, 1993: 21 – 28).

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Segregovaní Rómovia a zdravotné politiky:

Author(s): Andrej Belák / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Od roku 2004 skúmam, ako, prečo a ktorí konkrétni aktéri môžu prispievať k výraznému nepomeru v zdraví medzi segregovanými Rómami a Nerómami na Slovensku. Vo viacerých ohľadoch ide od počiatku o projekt otvorene zameraný a inšpirovaný biomedicínsky. Pod „nepomerom v zdraví“ rozumiem rozdiely v „zdravotnom stave“, t. j. v parametroch, prostredníctvom ktorých zdravie vymedzuje práve „vedecká medicína“. Svoj predpoklad, že tento nepomer u nás existuje, zakladám najmä na plošných zberoch publikovaných podľa biomedicínskych štandardov. Z inej biomedicínskej literatúry preberám teoretický konsenzus o tom, ako je možné, že podobné rozdiely vôbec vznikajú.

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Emické vnímanie úžery v segregovaných rómskych osadách na východnom Slovensku

Author(s): Tomáš Hrustič / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Materiál pre túto štúdiu som získal počas stacionárneho terénneho výskumu v segregovanej rómskej osade na východnom Slovensku v rokoch 2005 – 2006. Tento výskum síce nebol zameraný primárne na ekonomické a finančné správanie, avšak pri celkovej každodennej etnografii v danej komunite som sa pochopiteľne nevyhol ani iným témam, z ktorých – vzhľadom na chudobu a úsilie vyžiť z minima – bola kľúčová práve téma finančného správania sa. A keďže obyvatelia tejto rómskej osady neustále zápasili s konštantným nedostatkom financií, požičiavanie si, často na vysoký úrok, bolo pre mnohých každomesačnou realitou. Moju analýzu opieram najmä o výskum z tejto konkrétnej osady, no počas nasledujúcich rokov a výskumov som sa s fenoménom úžery parciálne stretával ďalej aj v iných lokalitách, čo mi umožnilo reflektovať mechanizmy úžery aj v širšej rovine.

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Etnické stereotypy ako zdroje vtipov o Rómoch

Author(s): Arne Mann / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Od politickej zmeny v našej spoločnosti uplynulo už viac ako štvrťstoročie. Dôsledky novej politickej orientácie a ekonomickej transformácie po roku 1989 viedli k viacerým zmenám v sociálnej diferenciácii obyvateľstva, pričom sa prehĺbili rozdiely medzi jednotlivými vrstvami spoločnosti. Rómovia, ktorí už po niekoľko storočí predstavovali marginalizovanú skupinu obyvateľstva, sa – najmä po strate zamestnania – dostali do novej spoločenskej izolácie (Radičová, 2002: 84 – 91; Podoba, 2009: 579 – 581). Táto nová situácia sa premietla aj do zhoršenia medzietnických vzťahov, predovšetkým vo vzťahu majoritného obyvateľstva voči Rómom, na čo upozornilo viacero autorov (Vašečka, 2002a: 335 – 351; Puliš, 2002a: 413 – 442, 2002b: 445 – 473; Džambazovič, Jurásková, 2002: 527 – 563; Jurásková, 2002: 393 – 412).

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„Śląsk Literacki” (1952–1956) – kwartalnik Katowic i Stalinogrodu. Historia pisma w perspektywie retorycznej

Author(s): Paweł Sarna / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article aims at examining the rhetorical strategy employed by the editorial board of the „Śląsk Literacki” quarterly as well as at reconstructing the historical context. The journal was published between 1952 and 1956; it was a part of the Katowice branch of the Polish Writers’ Union, but it also promoted writers from the area of Opole. Adopting a rhetorical perspective makes it possible to focus on the persuasive aspect of the texts published in the quarterly. Following Aristotle’s theory, modes of persuasion have been divided into three groups: logos, pathos, and ethos.

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O potrzebie tabu w sztuce nowych mediów. Od rytuału przejścia do ustanawiania agendy

Author(s): Anna Maj / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper aims at tackling the problem which manifests itself intensely in new media art, interactive art, and bioart in particular; precisely, as artists challenge various barriers and limits affecting social, spiritual, and bodily life of the contemporary human being, the recipient‑interactor, paradoxically, tends to long for taboo, sacrum, and beauty. Consequently, diverse strategies and activities undertaken by the cultural institutions – on the example of Ars Electronica festival in Linz – are analysed. Following this, the paper poses a hypothesis that what is in fact tabooed is the role of the organisation introducing new media trends and holding events concerning them; Ars Electronica is not only an institution oriented at research, and cultural and artistic practices, but also one which serves educational, entertaining, and business purposes. In fact, it is a gatekeeper transmitting messages, a stimulant to investigations and artistic activities, and a trendsetter cultivating pro‑technological attitudes and mass fashions, such as: participating in social media, cyberactivism, accepting technological extensions of the body and genetic modifications. The paper ponders upon the possibility of applying the agenda‑setting theory to the institutions which operate on the intersection of art, science, education, industry, and promotion of new technologies. The analysis proposed – concerning cultural taboo – is also broadly related to the issues of the anthropological perspective and understanding taboos in oral cultures, since it is a taboo which provides a significant context for contemporary cyberculture; a taboo, after all, is perceived as secondary orality, to use Walter J. Ong’s term.

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Преплитање патријархалности и модерности: утицај политичких и друштвених промена на живот жене у Србији током друге половине 20. века

Author(s): Vera Gudac-Dodić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The interweaving of patriarchal and emancipatory values in Serbian society during the second half of the twentieth century was manifested in various social segments, shaping the everyday life of women and affecting their lifestyle habits and practices. However, the overcoming patriarchal social inhibitions in socialism were not comprehensive at all. Тhe essential continuities of patriarchal value system and their rootedness in everyday life were often concealed underneath formal changes facilitated by the state. On the other hand, many strongholds of social inequalities have collapsed during the socialist Yugoslavia and Serbia, while the effects of emancipatory politics were evident in many spheres of life. The socialist model of development and transformation led to changes, primarily in the domain of formal gender relations, as well as in education and women employment policy. Regardless of this, an unequal participation of men and women in family chores has survived which produced a gender inequality again, leading to further conflicts regarding the role of a working woman. The coexistence of traditional and modern forms, values and behavior, had more conspicuous demarcation in distinction between urban and rural, among other things. Finally, the apparent differences between the urban and rural women life have remained almost the same even in socialist period.

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Жена и породица у Србији у другој половини 20. века

Author(s): Vera Gudac-Dodić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Modernization measures of the socialist state and the changes occurring within the family after the Second World War influenced the situation of women and were reflected in their lives. The situation of women was strongly influenced by full legal equality between men and women, extended education and increased economic independence based on the fact that the proportion of employed women was much larger than previously. The process of family nuclearization, liberalization of divorce and the possibility of birth control were also important determinants of the status of women in socialism. All this did not suffice to completely overcome traditional ways of thinking about female being and social function, to overcome the traditional values and change the deep ingrained roles of man and woman within the family. Women still did most of the housework, and they took unto themselves care of children, even when they were employed. Despite all the changes which took place during the after-war years, the perceptible differences that marked the ways of living of men and women in town and in the country in the inter-war period were not disposed of. The system of norms and behaviour typical for patriarchal ideology was more important and exercised greater influence in the country than in towns and cities. Many signs point to the fact that the modernization process of rural families and changes within them are neither clear-cut nor that they completely overcame the patriarchal system. Together with pronounced differences in the status and way of life of women in urban and rural areas, in various types of families, with the echo of emancipation on the one hand, and the strong influence of tradition on the other, as well as with all the changes which came about during the socialist modernization, female inferiority remained a constant, particularly within the framework of traditional family roles.

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DEMOCRACY AND PROSPERITY: A DIRECT OR A REVERSED PROPORTION?

Author(s): Andreja Vražalić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The prevailing intellectual climate is a total belief in democracy. The more one country is “democratic”, the better for it. Democracy and economic prosperity are thought to be linked to one another. With its welfare state, Swedish social democracy is considered (at least here, in Serbia) to have the highest level of democracy. The equation says: more political freedoms = richer country. If only we became democrats, the economy would flourish.

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HOMEWORK

Author(s): Milorad Gajić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Every citizen born after the 50’s is a witness to historical events and also to historical paradoxes. But the issue is whether they are aware of those events, of their own role in those turbulent developments on the public scene. Are they aware that daily political events later turn into historical ones, and that as of late that process is accelerated, as the prominent philosophers have already established: We are directly experiencing history.

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Demokratska tranzicija i identiteti

Author(s): Jovan Komšić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Strukturiranjem analize u četiri ključna segmenta:1) Protivrečja nacije i višeznačja identiteta; 2) Politike identiteta i multikulturalizam; 3) Tranzicioni identitetski inženjering u Srbiji i 4/ Projekcije budućnosti i šanse multikulturalnih strategija, autor argumentuje sledeću tezu: bez obzira na mnoge izazove multikulturalizma i dramatično otvorena pitanja ekonomsko-finansijske i izbegličke krize, politike identiteta u EU (nacionalnih i evropskog) ne mogu zadržati preimućstvo dostignutih i, na globalnom planu, unikatnih civilizacijskih vrednosti, niti se mogu pokazati delotovornim na planu konsolidacije demokratije i integracije tranzicionih društava, ukoliko moć definicije identiteta zadobiju (ili, pak, zadrže) ksenofobi i etnonacionalisti. Umesto tradicionalnih pojmova i (ultra)konzervativnih (anti)politika, kriza zahteva nove ideje i strategije i, zato, treba dati stvarnu šansu multikulturalizmu.

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Rethinking loyalty (vefa) through transnational care practices of older Turkish women in Sweden

Author(s): Öncel Naldemirci / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

First-generation Turkish immigrants in Sweden have started to reach older ages and to think about their old age and future care needs. Strong family and community ties, intergenerational solidarity, and cultural practices regulating marriage, socialization and care are believed to be a characteristic of Turkish families (Liljeström & Özdalga, 2002). However, as Finch and Mason argue, “responsibilities between kin are not straightforward products of rules of obligation, they are (…) the products of negotiation” (1993, p. 60). An increasing number of studies attempt to understand how families are made and remade in the migration context through care relations, responsibilities and negotiations (Baldassar, 2001, 2007, 2008; Bryceson & Vuorela, 2002). In this paper, I will highlight the role of emotions in negotiating and thinking about care responsibilities in a migration context and argue that emotions not only redefine transnational care practices but they also reshape the ways in which family responsibilities are imagined in diaspora space (Brah, 1996). After briefly describing the methods of the research, focus will be directed towards exploring the significance of emotions in migration studies. Then I will focus on a particular emotion – vefa – and discuss how it is translated into gendered care practices, by referring to three older Turkish women’s accounts.

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Jewellery Consumption in Wallachia and Moldova, 17th—18th centuries

Author(s): Florentina Niţu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The study explores the evolution of jewellery consumption in Wallachia and Moldova, during the 17th—18th centuries, from the perspective of the luxury consumption at the level of the elite. The documents that were analysed highlight a transition from oriental luxury, introduced through Phanariot rulers to Western luxury, directly inspired by contact with travellers or foreign officers and ambassadors passing through the Principalities, but also indirectly through fashion magazines. On the other hand, we can see that jewellery is closely related to fashion and follows the trends and consumer options in connection to it. They mark the social or political position, but also the cultural values adopted by the elite, which are expressed through in fashion choices. There are jewels that are neutral in terms of western or oriental influence, just as belt clasp (paftale) are directly related to the oriental costume. After the middle of the eighteenth century, we notice a mutation in the dowry sheets regarding the relationship between jewellery and clothing, in favour of the latter; the typology of jewellery is limited, but we find valuable jewellery, adorned with diamonds or diamonds and, also, the number of some of the pieces increases (rings, for example).

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Град и наследства: градът-разказ, сцена, културен пейзаж

Author(s): Valentina Ganeva-Raycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents a field research discourse on the city as a territory. The analysis is based on the thesis that the territory and the heritage are not given a priori, but they are an essential part of the activities of the local communities and state policies for construction, valorization and instrumentalization of resources. The paper presents not only particular objects, considered as a heritage, but the city as a territory that is inherited. The field of the inheritance is enlarging from the undeniable heritage (the historical center with UNESCO sign) to the places and neighborhoods, defined as distinctive for certain type of space, as well as those, valorized as a way of life. Particular consideration is given to the practices and the creation of heritage sites that emphasis on the problem about the city as a stage of cultural activities, human relationships and interaction with the environment (the urban landscape).

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Субкултурни начини на живот в гр. Пловдив

Author(s): Vihra Barova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article aims to present the first results of an anthropological fieldwork carried out in 2012 in the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The investigation studies youth subcultures in times of transition. The main carrier of the subculture nowadays is the generation of those born in the late 80's and early 90's. This generation builds its identity in the years of political and economic transition and faces problems that are unknown to the previous generations. The main research interest is focused on the stylistic orientations, ideologies, norms of behavior, and political beliefs of the post-transitional generation.

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The European Capital of Culture Programme and Sustainable Development in a Cross-border Region Case Study

Author(s): Ilie Rădoi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

For the first time since 1985, the title of ECoC for 2021 had been won by two cities being so close from a geographical point of view. It is a great opportunity for Timișoara and Novi Sad to shape together a region of culture and, meanwhile, to boost cooperation at European and international level. Sustainability is also about a cultural dimension, which has to do with cultural diversity, the cultural vibrancy of a place, cooperation and with preserving and promoting cultural heritage. The purpose of this paper is to identify cultural mechanisms, tools and models that support sustainability in a cross-border region, in the context of ECoC programme. The ultimate goal is to make the local population from Timișoara and Novi Sad surroundings aware of the cultural diversity in Europe and to increase cooperation between the two neighbouring countries.

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Antemurale Christianitatis hrvatske usmene književnosti: graničarski mentalitet Dalmacije kroz usmenu epsku pjesmu i kulturalno pamćenje o hrvatsko-osmanskim ratovima

Author(s): Vanda Babić,Denis Vekić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents the motives of cultural memory which were recorded in the oral epic poems and in the tradition in Dalmatia (the Neretva Valley and Boka kotorska). The territory of Dalmatia bordered with the Ottoman Empire at the time of the Croatian-Ottoman wars, thus the oral literature of this area produced oral epic poem as a reflection of forced war and fateful contacts. Living on the frontier of Christianity and Islam has brought up a special frontier mentality which can be traced in modernity, not only through the preservation of the heritage festivities, but also through collective memory which defines the importance of the survival of everything that is geologically and culturally on margin with the threatening “other”.

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Labin ili izvedba undergrounda kao jedan od modusa otpora izolaciji/periferiji

Author(s): Suzana Marjanić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Using the example of the town of Labin in Istria, I demonstrate how isolation, the so-called periphery, can also serve as an expression of resistance in a cultural niche. The collective Labin Art Express (L.A.E., initiated by Dean Zahtila, late Krešimir Farkaš, Graziano Kršić) is the initiator of the fundamental L.A.E. project Underground City XXI ‒ independent underground Labin cultural city as an alternative to the existing above-ground, heteronomous Labin, i.e. the creation of a real city 150 m below the earth’s surface ‒ in underground halls and tunnels, carved in solid rock, connecting Labin, Raša, Plomin and Rabac, with streets, bars, galleries, swimming pools, playgrounds for children, shops, restaurants, the Museum of Mining and Industry of Istria. Thereby we can compare Labin in terms of urbanity and anthropology with the town of Katowice, which in 2018 was selected to host the most significant UN Climate Change Conference, following the 2015 Paris Agreement. Katowice were chosen as one of Europe’s most polluted sites due to the exploitation of coal i.e. the transition of the aforementioned town from a mining and industrial site to a modern industrial, economical, technological and cultural centre.

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Lingvistički i geografski prostori u pjesništvu Delimira Rešickog

Author(s): Kornelija Pinter / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The paper analyzes the expressions from the semantic field of water in the poetry written by Delimir Rešicki. The analysis is preceded by a review of the existing scientific approaches to space as a condition for linguistic structure from the perspectives of linguistics and phonostilistics. In the analytical part of the paper, we will try to use the listed and from the linguistic and phonetic perspectives analyzed terms from the semantic field of water to support the thesis on the conditionality of language on the living space and emphasize the integrity of the particular geographical area of Pannonia in the poetic identity of the text.

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