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Текст как предмет изучения лингвокультурологии

Author(s): Martin Blaho / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Thе study investigates problematic of research the text from a linguaculturology point of view. We highlighted an important role of linguaculturology method in the analysis of the current texts, accentuate importance of the linguistic and culturogical competence of foreign languages students, Russian language as well. We characterize text as an object of linguaculturology research. Balance with modern IT within the work with foreign language text.

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The effect of communication concerning civic participation on local identity and the struggle against depopulation

Author(s): Anne Schubert,Jens Wolling / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Modern societies across the world are confronting profound demographic changes. Amid low birth-rates and increased migration to major cities, rural areas, including small cities and towns, are grappling with a changing social structure: populations are decreasing, while the average age of the population is rising. For these places, these trends have consequences for their public image and, moreover, effects on the psychology of their residents. As the population decreases, houses become uninhabited and decay, stores close, and other important elements of public life, such as restaurants, cinemas, cafes and theatres, become endangered and finally shut down. These changes cause the appearance of the city to deteriorate, and the remaining residents grow pessimistic about the future of the place and are reluctant to make investments in, or to engage themselves in, that future.

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The local press and independence in Scotland

Author(s): Jan-Philipp Wagner / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since the Acts of the Union in 1707, Scotland has struggled to varying degrees for independence. Over the last few decades, the demand for Scottish independence grew stronger, which was epitomized in the Scottish National Party’s landslide victory in the 2011 elections to the Scottish Parliament. Once in power, the SNP, under the leadership of First Minister Alex Salmond, began to work on the fulfilment of its campaign pledge to smooth the way toward a public vote on Scottish independence (Mitchell, 2016). As a result, Scots were given the right to choose whether or not Scotland should be an independent country in the Scottish independence referendum on September 18, 2014.

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“We’re holding the town’s mirror”: the self-referential discourses of the local newspaper Camden Advertiser during the controversy over a proposed Islamic School

Author(s): Caitlin Parr / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Local newspapers are a unique part of the media landscape, tasked with informing the community of events and issues in their immediate area and providing them with the knowledge they need to understand complex social issues. Despite advances in digital technologies, “newspapers remain a primary and vital component of the newsgathering infrastructure” (Clarke, 2014, p. 8). Therefore, the power of local print newspapers to build connections with and influence their communities makes them valuable sources for analysis. This chapter offers a discursive analysis of self-referential discourses utilised by the Camden Advertiser during reports on a controversial Islamic School proposal in Camden, Western Sydney, NSW, Australia. Self-referential is used here to describe the ways in which the Camden Advertiser referenced its own name, its journalists, and reflected on previously published newspaper content during the Islamic school debate.

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Local public communication filling the gap for a vanishing local media. A dilemma for democracy in Sweden

Author(s): Carina Tenor,Gunnar Nygren / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In a Swedish municipality building, a former Managing Editor from commercial television channel TV4 is working as Head of Communications for the municipality, along with several colleagues, all of whom have experiences from television broadcasting. These days, the municipality invests considerable resources into creating video content to provide citizens with information, “and we know how effectively pictures talk to people’s emotions”. The municipality’s Facebook page has already been awarded a prize, and now everyone is hoping for a prize-winning website as well, with pictures and videos.

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Co je dialogické vyučování

Author(s): Klára Šeďová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V posledních dekádách došlo v pedagogických vědách k obratu k jazyku, komunikaci a dialogu. Současný výzkum akcentuje centrální roli jazyka a komunikace ve vztahu k učení a vytváření znalostí ve třídě (Jones & Hammond, 2016). Řada autorů věnuje soustředěný zájem tomu, jak probíhá komunikace ve školní třídě a jaké jsou její efekty. Důsledkem tohoto obratu je, že vzdělávací výsledky začínají být připisovány spíše kvalitě výukové komunikace než studijním předpokladům žáka či pedagogickým dovednostem učitele (Mercer & Littleton, 2007). Mercer a Howe (2012) postulují, že pokud chceme zlepšit výsledky žáků, musíme se zabývat rolí, kterou řeč a komunikace ve školním vzdělávání sehrávají. Tato perspektiva nejenže formuje akademickou teorii a výzkum, ale nachází své vyjádření v praktických aplikacích.

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Jak probíhá změna: případové studie jednotlivých učitelů

Author(s): Klára Šeďová,Roman Švaříček,Martin Sedláček,Zuzana Šalamounová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V předchozí kapitole jsme doložili, že v důsledku participace učitelů v našem rozvojovém programu došlo k významným změnám v povaze komunikace ve sledovaných třídách. Často se konstatuje, že efektivita vzdělávacích programů usilujících o změnu způsobu výuky je omezená, neboť v konečném důsledku jen zřídka dochází k modifikaci reálného jednání učitele (viz Adey, 2006; Butler et al., 2004; Reznitskaya & Gregory, 2013; Van den Bergh et al., 2015). Přestože změnit výukové postupy a jednání učitele ve třídě je velmi obtížné (Van den Bergh et al., 2015), úspěšné programy existují a je nutné identifikovat bazální mechanismy, které způsobují, že jsou některé programy efektivnější než jiné (Berson et al., 2015). Vzhledem k tomu, že náš program můžeme řadit mezi úspěšné, bude následující část této knihy věnována právě otázce, jaké okolnosti a mechanismy způsobily, že se implementace dialogického vyučování v našem projektu zdařila.

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Videoconferencing (VC) Quick Guide

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This quick guide is a compilation of two videoconferencing booklets created for the Invite and Compact projects in 2008 and 2011, respectively. The aim of this guide is to inspire novice videoconference practitioners to deal with basic videoconferencing situations and challenges in an effective way.

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O znaku niekonwencjonalnym w kulturze staroprawosławnej

Author(s): Elżbieta Janus / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper pertains to treatening a linguistic sign as unconventional, i.e., invariant, with its content and expressive shape (form) rigidly attached to each other. A given content can be expressed in one way only, there is no synonymy, no polisemy, no translation. The phonetic aspect of the linguistic sign, its exceptional liturgical expression (prounanciation) in the Old Slavic language is examined, expression that is rooted – as by Boris Uspensky’s findings – in the XII Century. By the reference to texts been read during the Christmas Liturgy Service in the female monastyr in Wojnowo (Poland), in 1977, the most characteristic features of the prounanciation are scrutinized. The unconventional sign underlies the binary of culture, different aspect of life gain their semiotic importance.

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Kod personalny w obrzędzie dorocznym jako tekście kultury

Author(s): Katarzyna Smyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article analyses the personal code of the Corpus Christi feast in Spycimierz (Poddębice county, Łódź voivodeship), distinguished by its tradition of a two-metre wide flower carpet created by the parishioners along the entire two-kilometre route of the procession. The author applies an innovative solution by using the findings of V. Propp concerning character functions in a fairy tale to interpret the ritual. The author identifies the following ritual roles: 1) the hero-protagonist (collective: the whole community of the parish, children scattering flower petals; individual: people skilled in creating flower patterns and managing works); 2) the villain (people who hamper flower picking and tourists destroying flower carpets); 3) the donor (institutional: parish priests, the mayor; individual: people giving flowers to parishioners); 4) the helper (families and tourists coming to Spycimierz to arrange flower carpets together with the parishioners); 5) the false hero (people from the parish who take credit for the feast but do not help prepare it). To sum up, the article presents the ritual process of transformation of the parishioners and their guests into ritual characters.

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O zamęcie symbolicznym, czyli historia walki o krzyż

Author(s): Iwona Jakubowska-Branicka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

On April 10, 2010 Smolensk catastrophe happened. A few days after the crash, scouts put a cross in front of the Presidential Palace as a symbol of remembrance for the victims of the crash. From that moment a rapid process of dichotomization of the Polish society started. In my analysis I focus on considering the process of symbolic encoding of the cross in the social discourse in the context of theories of social constructivism, sociology of knowledge, symbolic interactionism, sociolinguistics and communication theory.

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Jak Homo sapiens spadł ze scala naturae

Author(s): Agnieszka Kloch / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Like Copernicus, Darwin revolutionized the place of a man within creation: he thrown the man from the top position in the chain of beings and placed him among other living beings. Emergence of human as a species was not an unique act. Humans evolved within primates in a result of inherently non-directional evolutionary processes, and human is by no means one of this kind among animals. In a geological timescale, even the impact of humans on the Earth ecosystem may not prove profound. Thus, the proposed geological epoch “anthropocene” reflects human fondness for our own greatness.

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Nauka w czasach pandemii

Author(s): Ewa Bartnik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the year 2020 biomedical scientists have been faced with an unprecedented challenge, but on the other hand the established process of science communication has been perturbed, as results which had not been peer reviewed have been published very rapidly and the press and politicians have become involved in their distribution and evaluation, and this has met with a rapid reaction from scientists.

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Blizna jako znak

Author(s): Aleksandra Brylska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the article, the author analyzes photos which are representing the victims of nuclear attacks and the so-called shadows of Hiroshima. She reflects on the role of the wounded body and scar in creating a story about an atomic catastrophe and the status of a victim created by selected survivors. She examines the status of photography after atomic attacks and the role it plays in creating an archive of this event.

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Prawda dyskursu średniowiecznej kroniki

Author(s): Maciej Abramowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

All narrative genres of French medieval literature employ a complex rhetorical device which is conceived to persuade the reader to believe in the historical veracity of the narrative that he or she is reading. That this and other related discursive devices can also be found in a chronicle may strike one as surprising, considering that this genre depends on historical referentiality by definition. My analysis of the 13th-century chronicles of Henry of Valenciennes has shown that the notion of ‘truth’ presented in the text does not fit within the narrow parameters of referential or historical truth. This broader notion of truth can be referred to as syncretic truth, one that combines the truth about historical events with commonly accepted cultural assumptions, beliefs, and ideals. It is on the authority of this notion of truth that the idealisation of the main character, who thereby assumes the role of a textual sign, takes place. In this frame of reference, Henry of Flanders is more accurately defined as an ideal ruler and warrior rather than the Emperor of Constantinople of 1206–1216.

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Homo Signorum – znakowość ludzkiego ciała a tworzenie nowego modelu świata w Anglii przełomu XVI i XVII wieku

Author(s): Barbara Bienias / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Using the example of early modern English astrological and astronomical texts such as the medical case books of Simon Forman (1552–1611) and Richard Napier (1559–1634) and the treatise Astrostereon by Edward Gresham (1565–1613), as well as dramatic works, this text discusses the relationship between Renaissance astrology and epistemology in the context of celestial influences on the human body. Michel Foucault’s categories of ressemblance and signatures, and the metaphor of a seal in wax, are employed to demonstrate the semiotics of the human body in this period. The primary assumption of the article is the ordering function of the sciences of the sky in the Renaissance, which ensured both social and cognitive order.

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Maurycego Dzieduszyckiego „Dziennik z podróży do Włoch”, 2 marca – 4 maja 1876 r.

Author(s): Elżbieta Olechowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

A diary from the only trip to Italy ever made by Maurycy Dzieduszycki (1813–1877), a conservative Galician writer, historian, art connoisseur, and politician. The author describes the sights and monuments visited during his travels, as well as meetings, mostly with representatives of the clergy, church dignitaries, and Poles who lived in Italy. In Florence, he visits the youngest (among his thirteen children), a 14-year-old daughter treated there for tuberculosis, who dies the day of his arrival. He is assisted with funeral arrangements by his friend, Teofil Lenartowicz, a Polish poet and sculptor established in Italy. One of the reasons for Dzieduszycki’s trip to Italy was a private audience with Pius IX to update the Pontiff on the assistance for the Uniate clergymen who fled to Galicia from the diocese of Chełm abolished by the tsar in 1875.

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Człowiek jako znak nieprzezroczysty

Author(s): Grażyna Borkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article polemicises against the book’s catchword, Human Being as a Sign. The author accepts the slogan but makes an essential correction: human being is an opaque sign, le signe opaque. Apart from systemic, foreseeable threads, human biographies quite often–virtually, always–introduce elements that disturb the model solutions. The author analyses this phenomenon based on the lives of two literary critics, Józef Rosenzweig (1865–1951) and Zygmunt Lubicz-Zaleski (1880–1967). The former apparently tried to escape his Jewish identity, more or less efficiently; the latter, in spite of his impressive education and extraordinary personality traits, was enchanted by the ideals of the National Democracy and the one who developed them – namely, Roman Dmowski. While the juxtaposition of these two men is rather coincidental, they share certain regularities: as it appears, the ‘Jewish question’ was in the twentieth century not only an object of journalistic and political disputes but also a real biographical problem, a task to revisit and rework on one’s own.

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Wschód to Wschód i Zachód to Zachód, i nigdy się nie spotkają?

Author(s): Zoja Morochojewa,Matylda Urjasz-Raczko,Anna Wróbel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the main conclusions from the sociological research conducted in 2014–16 among the foreign students from Eastern Europe and Asia at the University of Warsaw (UW). The authors argue that the UW represents a “classical” university education, the aim of which is reproduction of one model of subjectivity: a citizen related to a one-culture national state. The foreign students, though, are representing quite a different model of socialization. While in the European social world this is an individual, who is in the centre, striving to be autonomous and independent, in Eastern civilizations a notion of “Me” is based not on an individual subjectivity, but on the ability to launch a and support the relation with “Other”. The authors argue that a new model of education should be taken into account at the UW: a Dialogue Centered Learning (DCL) program, which takes into account these differences in the perception of an individual and the world in the East and West.

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Małe ojczyzny, wielka ojczyzna i emocje – czyli o istotności ich powiązań w obecnej Polsce

Author(s): Joanna Kurczewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article titled "Small fatherlands, big fatherland and emotions – about their connections in present Poland" refers to diverse dimensions of functioning of individuals in society. The author confronts two patterns: one, built of the idea of the national community – determined mainly by the romantic tradition (the metaphor of “national wardrobe” seems to be a good image of the complex relations) and second, built on the idea of identity ties(the metaphor of the “wardrobe of identities” reveals the dynamics of individual social activities). Emotions – in this context – are situated in the diverse local and regional centers of public activity; the space implies the ontology of contemporary understanding of the nation. There are three context described in the paper: 1. remarks about two meta-theoretical wardrobes, 2. remarks about small fatherland treated as the social and cultural space, 3. remarks about the „essence” of small fatherland and its places of cultures of emotions.

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