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ODGOJEM UVJETOVANE TEŠKOĆE I POREMEĆAJI U PONAŠANJU

Author(s): Dragica Ćorić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2007

Pravilan djetetov razvoj pretpostavlja usklađenost bioloških čimbenika koji su odgovorni za tjelesni rast i ravnotežu živčanih funkcija te odgojnih uvjeta. Pojavljivanje teškoća na nekom od važnih polja djetetove psihičke aktivnosti dovodi do pojave i teškoća u ponašanju. Ako takvo ponašanje nanosi štetu djetetu i razredu te ako nema pozitivne promjene poslije uobičajene pedagoške intervencije, radi se o poremećajima u ponašanju koji zahtijevaju dodatnu stručnu pomoć.

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MORALNOST, MORALNA PSIHOLOGIJA I NARCISOIDNA PSIHOLOŠKA KULTURA

Author(s): Miro Jakovljević,Sanea Nađ / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2007

Narcisoidnost je ozbiljan moralni poremećaj koji pogađa ne samo narcisoidne pojedince nego u sve većoj mjeri i društvo u kojemu živimo. Narcisoidnost je toliko raširena pojava da možemo govoriti o dominirajućoj narcisoidnoj psihološkoj i političkoj kulturi. Drugim riječima, narcisoidnost ne predstavlja samo individualnu patologiju nego i važan suvremeni društveni i kulturni fenomen, pri čemu treba razlikovati zdravi narcizam od patološke narcisoidnosti. Mnoge javne osobe, poslovni ljudi, političari i lideri šepure se i razmeću svojom veličinom, a mase kao da jedva čekaju priliku da ih i sami oponašaju u ispraznom glamuru projicirajući u njih vlastitu potrebu za svemoćnosti.

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MODIFIED DENTAL ANXIETY SCALE: A VALIDATION STUDY ON COMMUNITIES FROM THE WEST PART OF ROMANIA

Author(s): Ioana Mărginean,Letiţia Filimon / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

To test the Romanian version of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (M.D.A.S.), the instrument was translated into Romanian and administrated to 198 young adults. The M.D.A.S. is a brief self-complete questionnaire consisting of five questions and it is easily scored by summing individual item scores (from a=1 to e=5), for a total score ranging from 5 to 25. The M.D.A.S. has been translated into a number of world languages, many of which have reported adequate psychometrics. The objectives of our study were to check the Romanian translation of the M.D.A.S., to determine its reliability and validity in a sample from the Western part of Romania, and to provide norms to clinical practice. The M.D.A.S. was applied with other psychological tests, the Current Thoughts Scale (C.T.S.), the Trimodal Anxiety Scale (T.A.Q.), the McGill Pain Questionnaire, (McGill P.Q.) and the Dental Fear Survey (D.F.S.). Our hypothesis was the existence of possible correlations between these scales. Since dental anxiety is present with all social categories and with all ages, accurate assessment is one of the premises of the intervention for reducing the prevalence and intensity of dental anxiety. For this, measurements with adequate psychometrics are needed, applied in a doctor - patient communication context based on trust and collaboration.

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CHANGING TRENDS IN A CHANGING WORLD: THE NEED FOR BEING TIMELY AND FLEXIBLE

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Szabo,Margaret Calista / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

The article will describe the challenges and changes across time in the teacher education programs at Marist College, a small liberal arts university in the North-East of the United States. Changes took place due to modifications in the State education requirements, resource allocation, and the interest to increase enrollment in a time of economic down turn and competition. Starting with a very small number of graduate students, and a small number of faculty in the Teacher Education Department; the education program has changed and expanded. The Advanced Certificate program was changed into a full Master of Education program for graduate students seeking the initial teaching certificate. The Master of Arts in Educational Psychology program was developed for those preparing for professional teaching certification, which in the New York state requires candidates to have a Masters degree. This degree is offered on ground and in hybrid format to attract those students who are working full-time, or do not live and work in proximity. Beside these two programs a more recent format of the MA in Educational Psychology was developed to allow undergraduate students to begin graduate study as they complete the Bachelors degree and then continue with the completion of the Masters degree in a fifth year of study. This new program seems to be very successful and is attracting a good number of students. Changes across history will be presented along with results from discussions and survey with graduate students in these education programs.

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COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY IN OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER FOR ADULTS

Author(s): Delia Podea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic anxiety disorder with an estimated lifetime prevalence in adults of 2-3%. Our aim is to provide an overview of the development of effective psychological treatments for OCD, together with a systematic review of the latest research in the field. Controlled treatment trials have demonstrated that cognitive - behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for OCD. CBT has been at least as effective as medication and shows good benefits at follow up. Nevertheless, more studies are still needed, mainly those focusing on long-term follow-up, group-treatment and the combined use of CBT with SSRIs. A prefrontal cortico-striato-thalamic brain system is implicated in the mediation of symptoms of OCD. Recent research has demonstrated that CBT for OCD can systematically modify cerebral metabolic activity in this cortico subcortical circuit in a manner that is significantly related to clinical outcome.

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NEW INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA: CROSS CULTURAL PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION COLLABORATIONS

Author(s): Rita Csapó-Sweet ,Lejla Panjeta,Alina Slapac / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

The present report describes new international student and faculty exchange programs between Bosnia and Herzegovina’s (BiH’s) public universities in Sarajevo and Tuzla, the University of Dubrovnik (Croatia) and America’s public University of Missouri- St. Louis. Building the program from the ground up, challenges and successes are reviewed associated with creating the student and faculty exchanges between the United States and BiH and Croatia after the end of the 1990s Balkan wars. Decades of communist central planning (1945-1992) immediately after World War II needed to be reformed in former Yugoslavia, amounting to a regional revolution in higher education. The present article summarizes recent developments in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s and Croatia’s Bologna-compatible, educational and civil institutions after the 1990s Balkan war of aggression, and the role of the United States in that process.

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TEMPORAL DIMENSIONS AND SOCIAL PROBLEM SOLVING

Author(s): Gabriel Roşeanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

In this study we were primarily interested in identifying the extent to which time perspective and perceived control over personal time contributed to the way individuals solve their social problems. The research sample was composed of 160 participants from different educational and socioeconomic levels. For the assessment of the variables involved we used the following instruments: Time Perspective Inventory, Perceived Control over Personal Time (subscale derived from the Time Management Inventory), Social Problem Inventory and Survey of Life Experiences (14 items that address social problems). Our results revealed that the problem orientation component of social problem solving is an important factor for the individual’s responsibility in the occurrence of social problems. This factor was shown to be highly influenced by the interaction of three temporal dimensions: (a) negative view of the past; (b) future orientation; and (c) perceived control over personal time.

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THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON FAMILIES

Author(s): Sarah Huisman,Allison Edwards ,Susan Catapano / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

This study asked four families to engage in interviews and to keep a log to document the use of technology in the home. The findings indicate that families are in conflict about the appropriate technology to use and amount of time spent using it at home. All families used a variety of electronic devices for various reasons and discussed the rules established for use in the home. Families are also in conflict about what role technology plays in their lives and whether the immediate access to information is worth the potential distraction. Finally, families also discussed the use of social media and its impact on their children. Although this study is limited in the number of participants, the findings indicate that families continue to be conflicted about the use of technology in the home.

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DISONANCA BIO-FIZIČKE I SOCIJALNE SFERE SUVREMENOG ADOLESCENTA

Author(s): Zijo Ćatović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 03/1977

Nije li čovjekova moć stvaranja iluzija i nade najbolji način da se sam odupre stvarnosti svoje fizičke uokvirenosti, što je u svakoj hitorijskoj eposibio osobeni izraz prevladavanja straha kao iracionalne izvjesnoti vlastitog kraja, koji ništi sva prethodna realna ubjeđenja i metafizičke nadgradnje-kao svojevrsne vidljive artikulacije ličnosti prema sebi i okolini, što je pojedincu i darivalo čuvstvo smislenosti vlastite egzistnecije i životne punoće.

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ARE THE LINKS BETWEEN ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND LEARNING MOTIVATION SIMILAR IN FIVE NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES?

Author(s): Olev Must,Karin Täht / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2010

The model for relationships between general educational performance (GEP) and non-cognitive characteristics (e.g. students’ self-evaluation and motivation in science), was worked out previously on Estonian data (Täht and Must 2009). The aim of this paper was to fit the model on the data of four neighbouring countries. The analyses showed that Estonian model fits the Finnish, Latvian, Russian and Swedish data. Students’ self-evaluation in science (SE) has a relatively strong and stable relationship (.55–.64) with their GEP in all five countries. Students’ science learning motivation (SM) has moderate or even no relationship with their general educational performance (.05–.42). Five neighbouring countries are ordered by the size of the last relationship as follows: Russia, Latvia, Estonia, Sweden and Finland. These variations may result from differences in cultural influences on personality or from national educational and social policies. The differences have developed during the course of history, cultural and political development.

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Povijest proučavanja i pregled konceptualizacija socijalno poželjnog odgovaranja na upitnicima ličnosti

Author(s): Maša Tonković-Grabovac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/2013

Given the fact that people can distort their responses in personality questionnaires, and research shows that they usually do, socially desirable responding represents an important practical research issue that has been present for decades. Researchers generally agree that socially desirable responding can be described as a tendency of giving overly positive descriptions of one's own traits which are adjusted with social norms and standards. However, there is the debate, which has been going on since the mid-20th century, on whether it is a measurement error which contaminates the validity of personality questionnaires or the individual differences in personality. In order to understand the results of previous researches, it is necessary to know the approach within which researchers created a particular conceptualization and particular instruments for measuring socially desirable responding. However, the literature lacks a systematic review which includes a comprehensive overview of all the conceptualizations. Hence, this review aims to examine gradual changes in the definition and methodology of research on socially desirable responding, which played a key role in forming contemporary models of socially desirable responding. The review ends with a conclusion of the overview of previous research, guidelines for future research and practical implications.

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Povezanost dječjega govora o mentalnim stanjima s nekim obilježjima obitelji te roditeljskim govorom o mentalnim stanjima

Author(s): Marina Kotrla Topić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/2013

The aim of this research was to investigate the correlations of mental talk in children aged 17 to 37 months and some family characteristics: the socio-economic status, parents' education, the number of siblings and parents' mental talk. The participants were 106 children and one of their parents. We collected speech samples for children and their parents to analyze their mental state talk about desires, thoughts and emotions. Other data were collected from one of the parents through a questionnaire. The results show that the parents of children who had more mental state of desire talk, talked more about desires and about thoughts as well, but not about emotions. Furthermore, parents whose children had at least one mental state of desire utterance talked significantly more about desires and thoughts than parents whose children had no such utterances. There were no significant correlations between children's mental state talk about desires and other family variables. The results point to the importance of studying family characteristics in relation to children's mental state talk, which is considered an indicator of theory of mind development.

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Reproduktivne strategije i ljubomora muškaraca i žena

Author(s): Benjamin Banai,Nataša Šimić,Irena Pavela / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/2013

Previous studies showed that men are more sensitive to sexual infidelity, while women are more sensitive to emotional infidelity. However, only a few of them investigated differences in jealousy within each sex. Moreover, studies of sex differences in reproductive strategies showed that women are more restrictive in comparison to men. According to evolutionary psychology, both long-term and short-term strategies could be found within each sex. The aim of this study is to investigate differences in sensitivity to sexual and emotional infidelity between restrictive and nonrestrictive men and women. 526 subjects took part in this study. They estimated the intensity of jealousy in hypothetical situations of sexual and emotional infidelity. Furthermore, sociosexual orientation was assessed using the Croatian adaptation of Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (Kardum, Gračanin, & Hudek-Knežević, 2006). Based on the results, subjects were divided into the groups of restrictive and nonrestrictive individuals. The results showed greater sensitivity to sexual infidelity in men and emotional infidelity in women. In comparison to nonrestrictive men, restrictive men showed greater sensitivity to sexual infidelity. Women are more sensitive to emotional infidelity, regardless of their reproductive strategy. Advantages and disadvantages of both strategies, as well as their effect on jealousy, could be interpreted within the context of evolutionary development of mechanisms for partner selection and mate guarding.

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Struktura motivacijskih uvjerenja u matematici i njihova povezanost s obrazovnim ishodima

Author(s): Vesna Vlahović-Štetić,Daria Rovan,Nina Pavlin-Bernardić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/2013

The aim of this study was to examine elementary school students' motivational beliefs related to mathematics learning, in accordance with the expectancy-value theory. We wanted to determine the structure of motivational beliefs in mathematics and to examine to what extent motivational beliefs are associated with different learning outcomes: achievement, readiness for further learning of mathematics and mathematics anxiety. The participants were 387 students of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth grades from two elementary schools in Zagreb. The instruments we used were scales for measuring students' expectations and values, achievement goals and mathematics anxiety. We also collected basic demographic information about the participants and data on their past and current achievement in mathematics, as well as their assessment of readiness to continue learning mathematics. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis clearly support the structure of motivational beliefs in accordance with the expectancy-value theory. Significant motivational beliefs are expectation of success and three components of value assessment: interest, usefulness and importance. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that, besides achievement goals, expectations and values are important predictors of mathematics achievement, even when prior achievement is controlled.

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The HEXACO Personality Domains in the Croatian Sample

Author(s): Iva Šverko,Toni Barbarović / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2013

The paper examines Ashton and Lee's six-factor model of personality (2001; Lee & Ashton, 2004). The Croatian version of HEXACO-PI-(R) has been applied on a sample of Croatian university students (N=1004). According to the data obtained, the designated six HEXACO factors were confirmed in the Croatian sample. Six HEXACO dimensions showed expected relations with Big Five personality traits. Gender differences in HEXACO personality domains are mainly in line with theoretical expectations. The results of our study confirm the validity of the HEXACO personality model in Croatia.

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Developmental Stages In Children’s Drawings Of A Cube And A Doll

Author(s): Aaro Toomela / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2003

Abstract. Drawing developments of cubes and human figures are often described in taxonomies with very little in common. We created a taxonomy based on the basic principles of Luquet (1927) and Willats (1997). Children’s (N = 757; age range 2–13) and adults’ (N = 232; age range 17–43) drawings of a doll were compared with their drawings of a cube. The data suggest that the proposed stages appear in an invariant order: First children draw only Scribbles or Patterns; next Volume-Prototypes emerge; after that 2-D-Exemplar drawings develop; and finally 3-D-Exemplar drawings can be achieved. The same developmental sequence characterises the drawings of both a cube and a doll (human figure).

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Pragmatism and Science

Author(s): Michele Marsonet / Language(s): English Issue: 08/2013

Logical empiricism gave rise to a powerful paradigm and it took some decades to overthrow it, even though it should be judged respectfully since, after all, philosophy of science and logic as we know them stemmed from that ground. The basic assumptions on which the paradigm of the “received view” rested are essentially the following. In the first place, verificationism seemed almost a truth of faith. Secondly, logical empiricists never offered good arguments in support of their thesis that assertive discourse must be preferred to more pragmatic forms of language. Thirdly, they too easily assumed that something like “objective truth” really exists. Last but certainly not least, the logical empiricists did not fully recognize the historical dimension of the scientific enterprise, which subsequently turned to be something different from the “universal science” they were talking about. In the paper it is argued that scientific realism (and the nature of scientific knowledge at large) is a theme where the originality of pragmatist positions clearly emerge. Nicholas Rescher, for example, claims - against any form of instrumentalism and many postmodern authors as well - that natural science can indeed validate a plausible commitment to the actual existence of its theoretical entities. Scientific conceptions aim at what really exists in the world, but only hit it imperfectly and “well off the mark”. What we can get is, at most, a rough consonance between our scientific ideas and reality itself. This means that the scientific knowledge at our disposal in any particular moment of the history of mankind must be held to be “putative”, while its relations to the truth (i.e. how things really stand in the world) should be conceived in terms of tentative and provisional estimation. Even the optimistic visions that see science as growingly approaching the “real” truth have, at this point, to be rejected on pragmatic grounds.

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Mostarska psihijatrijska subota: Deset godina u podizanju profesionalizma

Author(s): Dragan Babić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 77-78/2014

Posljednjih desetljeća psihijatrija je značajno napredovala i danas ima povijesnu priliku utjecati i voditi timove mentalnog zdravlja i oblikovati budućnost psihijatrije. Taj napredak se očituje kroz izvrsne nove skupine lijekova, kroz sve bolje i usklađenije dijagnostičke kriterije, nove terapijske metode, bolje zdravstvene ustanove... Zbog toga je Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija razdoblje od 1990. do 2000. nazvala dekada mozga, a 21. stoljeće - stoljeće uma. Danas je sve aktualnija tzv. integralna ili holistička medicina, a u liječenju se koristi personalizirani pristup u sklopu multidimenzionalnoga i integralnog pristupa osobama s duševnim tegobama i mi, stručnjaci iz područja mentalnog zdravlja, istinski nismo do sada nikada imali bolje uvjete i mogućnosti za liječenje osoba s duševnim tegobama. I uspjesi našega rada su vidljivi i mnogi duševno oboljeli su, uz odgovarajuću terapiju, integrirani i praktično neprimjetno žive u društvenoj zajednici.

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Iskustva u radu s patološkim kockarima

Author(s): Marko Romić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 77-78/2014

Kockanje je teška, ali izlječiva bolest. Ključ uspjeha je iskrena odluka, koja uključuje iskren i pošten odnos prema sebi i okolini. Potpora obitelji, stručnih djelatnika, članova kluba i prijatelja je od iznimne važnosti. Načelo malih koraka, apstiniranje od dana do dana, tjedna do tjedna, vodi uspjehu u liječenju.

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Aspekti profesionalizma u forenzičkoj psihijatriji

Author(s): Milan Stojaković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 77-78/2014

Pod pojmom profesionalizma (proizašlog od riječi profesija), podrazumijeva se stručnost i kvalifikovanost obavljanja nekog posla, radi ostvarivanja prihoda, (tj. posla od kojeg čovjek živi). Šta je sudski psihijatar profesionalac? T o je stručnjak koji radi za novac, kome je to djelatnost od koje živi – profesija. Karakteristike profesije sudskog psihijatra: Profesija FORENZIČKOG PSIHIJATRA zahtijeva posebno SUBSPECIJALISTIČKO obrazovanje (titula subspecijaliste). T itula daje informaciju o tome šta znate raditi – pokazuje kakav ste profesionalac. Postoje velike razlike u tituliranju. Poluprofesije se školuju 2-4 godine. Razvijene profesije se školuju i do 10 godina (medicina+specijalizacija). SUPERPROFESIJE (medicina+specijalizacija+subspecijalizacija) se školuju i do 12 godina (tada za nekoga možemo reći da je ekspert.

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