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W ostatnim czasie duże zainteresowanie zaczął wzbudzać nastrój, czyli stan o tak małej intensywności, że czasem umyka naszej uwadze. Nie ma on bezpośredniego wpływu na zachowania człowieka, nie stanowi impulsu do działania, nie wybija się na plan pierwszy w naszej świadomości, ale decyduje o tym, jak postrzegamy nasze otoczenie. Nastrój zabarwia wszystkie nasze myśli i dlatego jest w nich cały czas obecny. Dość szczególne miejsce wśród różnych jego rodzajów zajmuje smutek. Właściwie zawsze w myśleniu potocznym był uznawany za uciążliwy i całkowicie niepotrzebny. Książka ujmuje smutek w kontekście najpopularniejszych modeli nastroju i pokazuje, że w wielu sytuacjach jest on o wiele bardziej użyteczny niż nastroje przyjemne. Zawsze pozostaje odczuciem uciążliwym, a czasem nawet bolesnym, ale może przynosić korzyści w postaci usprawnienia niektórych procesów poznawczych czy uodpornienia na błędy postrzegania i ewaluacji.
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Dzieci z rodzin z problemem alkoholowym stanowią grupę wysokiego ryzyka dotyczącego zaburzeń zdrowia psychicznego. Ostatnie szacunki wskazują, że w Polsce około 1,5 mln dzieci wychowuje się przy pijącym rodzicu. Dzięki licznym badaniom empirycznym coraz lepiej rozumiemy ich sytuację. Zaburzenia psychiczne rodziców bezpośrednio wynikające z uzależnienia oraz z nim współistniejące mogą negatywnie oddziaływać na zdrowie fizyczne i psychiczne dzieci i młodzieży na różnych etapach życia, jak też prowadzić do wystąpienia objawów eksternalizacyjnych i internalizacyjnych. Najnowsze prace naukowe podkreślają jednak duże zróżnicowanie populacji dzieci alkoholików, a wiedza empiryczna pozwala na coraz lepsze rozumienie mechanizmów odpowiedzialnych za to zróżnicowanie. Książka stanowi kontynuację zainteresowań autorki problematyką funkcjonowania dzieci alkoholików. Znaczne rozpowszechnienie problemu alkoholizmu w społeczeństwie skłania do nieustannego poszerzania wiedzy na temat dzieci uzależnionych rodziców oraz poszukiwania empirycznych dowodów na obecność istotnych dla ich rozwoju czynników ryzyka i zasobów. Wyniki tych badań mogą wpłynąć na poprawę skuteczności i efektywności programów profilaktycznych oraz działań interwencyjnych, kierowanych do dzieci i młodzieży szczególnie zagrożonych zbyt wczesnym i nadmiernym spożywaniem alkoholu oraz innych substancji psychoaktywnych.
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Niewątpliwymi atutami książki są z jednej strony rzetelna informacja o zmianach zachodzących w życiu młodych ludzi – podana w sposób logiczny i uporządkowany, z drugiej zaś – spojrzenie poradnikowe: jak dorośli mogą na te zmiany reagować i które reakcje pomagają, a które przeszkadzają w rozwoju i układaniu wzajemnych relacji. Autorka pokazuje trudności, ale przedstawia je jako normalne i rozwojowe, wyjaśnia, obala mity. Pisze w sposób wyważony, nie posługuje się stereotypami, nie straszy, lecz uspokaja, buduje zrozumienie, co nadaje całości konstruktywny, pozytywny wydźwięk. Praca łączy w sobie wysokie walory merytoryczne dobrej książki naukowej z przystępnością formy i lekkością pióra książki popularnej. Co więcej, zawiera jasne i cenne wskazówki dotyczące postępowania. To połączenie wiedzy, mądrości i dobrego stylu czyni z niej pozycję ze wszech miar wartą polecenia. /// Z recenzji prof. dr. hab. Piotra K. Olesia
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Autorka przedstawia problemy związane z dojrzewaniem dziewcząt i chłopców niepełnosprawnych intelektualnie. Omawia zmiany biologiczne, intelektualne, emocjonalne i społeczne pojawiające się w okresie dojrzewania, wyraziście ukazując spiętrzenie trudności w przypadku tej grupy młodzieży. Ukazuje specyfikę dorastania dziewcząt i chłopców, którzy zmagają się z trudnościami wynikającymi nie tylko z ich możliwości umysłowych, ale nierzadko również z tego, jak są odbierani przez społeczeństwo. Zwraca uwagę na negatywne zjawiska społeczne, takie jak stygmatyzacja, piętnowanie czy wykluczenie. Obok problemów dotykających samych niepełnosprawnych Autorka stara się przybliżyć Czytelnikowi również trudności ich najbliższych, którzy stają przed trudnym zadaniem opieki i wychowywania dziecka upośledzonego umysłowo. Żaneta Stelter obala także mity dotyczące zachowania niepełnosprawnych, m.in. mit „wiecznego dziecka” i mit „bezczynności”.
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Autor majstrovsky využíva vedomú a silnú reflexivitu na všetky aspekty a fázy svojho skúmania. Zároveň poskytuje kultivovaný a znalosťami podložený ponor do prežívania rodovo nebinárneho človeka, prezentovaný a prítomný v celom texte. (prof. PhDr. Viera Bačová, DrSc) Kniha zaujímavým spôsobom prepojuje tri dimenzie situovanosti autora (vedca, aktivistu a človeka v procese tranzície). Táto špecifická situovanosť a pozicionalita je zároveň systematicky a citlivo reflektovaná v celom procese výskumu (interakcie so skúmanými). Preto sa domnievam, že táto kniha má aj vzdelávací rozmer - môže slúžiť ako metodologická učebnica autoetnografie pre odbory, ako sú sociálna antropológia či sociológia. (Mgr. Petra Ezzeddine, PhD)
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This article describes the causal link between major depressive disorder, suicidal behavior and filicide. The filicide perpetrator is a person affected by major depressive disorder, the passage to the act does not manifest itself as an ordinary delinquent act, but has a specific etiology that sometimes involves suicidal behavior and conjugal crime. In 2014, Turhan Canli publishes in the Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders a study on the re-conceptualization of the major depressive disorder as an infectious disease in which he suggests that major depression may result from a parasitic, bacterial or viral infection. Major depression and antisocial personality disorder can trigger the transformation of the criminal ego by overcoming the barrier of moral and religious inhibitions, emphasizing the transition to the crime. From a psychoanalytic and victimological point of view, the destructive attachment of the victims of marital crime that return to the aggressor after being physically abused is also analyzed.
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This article analyses love that emerges in dancing clubs, by integrating Emmanuel Levinas' ethics of face with sociological theories on emotional consumption. The seemly ideal appearance of a strip dancer with which a regular customer falls in love is not a true display of her authentic self, but rather a mask, which is a product of her emotional labor, sold to increase her income. The customer develops emotional ties with this fabricated persona and desires her love in return. In a commercial context, the customer often fails to recognize her complex subjectivity and to welcome her true otherness. He exploits her emotional labor, while she manipulates his emotions for money. His love, which is predicated on an imaginary foundation, cannot sustain outside of dance clubs. A "mask" and a Levinasian "face" may share the same physical body yet have distinct personalities, and can thus be confusing. Levinas' ethics calls for our immediate responsibility in the face of the Other. However, not all appearances of the Other are authentic. Sometimes it is even part of one's job to be disguised, such as in the case of strip dancers, actors, etc. It is vital to first identify and embrace the Other's true face before engaging in a relationship which requires mutual responsibility.
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In the course of last five years, a team of psychologists from the Institute for Children, Youth and Family Research at the Faculty of Social Studies has observed a sample of over thousand people born in 1990-1994. If you are interested how these young adults think about themselves and about the world, where and with whom they live and what relations they have, you may find the answers here. The book is thematically complex and offers a probe into novel social-psychological phenomena, such as the identity of young Vietnamese adults in Czechia or the phenomenon of “friendship with benefits”.
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The monograph summarizes the main outputs of the research project “Health-promoting and Health-threatening Behavior: Determinants, Models, and Consequences”. It integrates five studies divided into individual chapters on the issue of health-related behavior and its relation to personality, constructs of optimism and pessimism, hope, ontogeny, and neuropsychological phenomena. The presented conclusions contribute not only to a deeper theoretical understanding of the examined relations, but also to practical support of readers’ self-regulation mechanisms, which consequently help them to take better care of their own health. The publication is intended for the professional public, thematically addresses primarily professionals and students in psychology, health, education and other social sciences, which deal with issues closely related to human health problems.
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Optimismus a pesimismus můžeme chápat jako zastřešující termíny, které se užívají v souvislosti s mnoha současnými konstrukty a jen někdy odpovídají běžně užívanému významu obou pojmů. V odborné literatuře je mimo jiné specifikován dispoziční optimismus (Scheier, & Carver, 1985), optimistický či pesimistický atribuční (explanační) styl (Peterson, & Seligman, 1987), optimismus jako pozitivní iluze (Taylor, & Brown, 1988), nerealistický optimismus (Weinstein, 1980), nerealistický pesimismus (Heine, & Lehman, 1995), defenzivní pesimismus a strategický optimismus (Norem, & Cantor, 1986). Současné psychologické přístupy uvažují o optimismu nejčastěji jako o kognitivní charakteristice, autoři se věnují cílům, očekáváním, kauzálním atribucím. Nesmíme však zapomínat ani na emoční doprovod optimismu a pesimismu. Můžeme být překvapeni, že jak optimismus, tak pesimismus mohou mít emočně defenzivní charakter, že optimismus je motivující na cestě k cíli a může být i sám o sobě přitažlivým cílem.
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Nowadays, individual differences in the readiness to use technology significantly impact both our private as well as professional life. The monograph aims to introduce the concept of technology readiness from a psychological perspective. Readiness is discussed in the broad context of the specifics of technology and its impact on society, the development of HCI and cyberpsychology and a comprehensive review of research in the field of technology readiness in Poland and abroad. The publication also aims to show how the scale can be used to measure readiness in research as well as in HRM or UX practice.
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Art is born at the border of external and intrapsychic realities, through the human being’s necessity of including pragmatic elements of his environment into his own affective system. Creativity stands between objective and subjective worlds as a symbolic metamorphosis of the material into the immaterial of the imagination, conscience and emotions of the artist. The product of creativity will be a complex interpretation of environmental elements meant for reinterpretations by other personalities, with their own individual and specific set of imagination tools. But what if, the inspiration for the artistic work is not a reflection of reality but o product of patho-psychological disruptions or, what if the inspiration resides in the altered emotional and neurological perception of reality? The artistic creativity within psychopathological activity in certain psychiatric disorders have been raising interest for both medical and non-medical world but the most intriguing aspect, is maybe, the colorful and complexity of emotions and sensations that are perceived by non-psychiatric persons when viewing such works. Maybe this could represent an argument for the subjective and relativeness of the human psychology, beyond social and cultural standard values.
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The family plays a highlighted role in the formation of positive and negative emotions in individuals. Previous studies had described the role of the family in shaping a broken identity, so having this in mind, we were trying to study the family role in the formation of feelings of failure. Participants were selected based on three criteria: clients' claim, therapist's diagnosis, and failure emotion test. Interviews went on to get to theoretical saturation (65 people). The subjects of the study were purposefully selected (using quota sampling) from psychology clinics in 5 regions of Tehran. Subjects were selected from 25 to 45-year-old individuals. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and thematic analysis was used to interpret and analyze the data. Findings indicate that families have a reinforcing and causal role in the experiences of failure, the family tries to control the individual by imposing mental and objective restrictions, using mechanisms such as intimidation, humiliation, analogy, giving privileges, rejection, labeling, guilt, or fear induction. On the other hand, some families seize opportunities for the development of children (especially women) by instilling traditional beliefs, leading to the formation of a broken identity in the individual. Extreme rejection and control by family members breed feelings of hopelessness, alienation, and abandonment, and failure in general. Some of the strategies used by these individuals are family avoidance, immigration, scheming, self-blaming, rumination, regret, and anger.
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Seria: Studia Philosophica Silesiensia (3), ISSN 2720-1120 The book deals with the assumptions, practices and challenges facing the new field of practice called “philosophical coaching”. The author proposes a definition of philosophical coaching as ethically and metaphysically engaged coaching, which distinguishes it from all other varieties of coaching, as well as from most psychotherapy approaches, as it is not afraid of metaphysical inquiries and is also ethically committed. From living philosophy, such as was cultivated in Greek and Roman antiquity, and — at the same time — in India and China, it inherited the courage to ask fundamental questions about the meaning of life, human finitude, our place in the cosmos, and the source of good life.
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The publication Dynamics of Psychic Processes and Artwork reflects the opinions of four authors who analyze the area of human psychology in their theoretical texts. The combination of the content of the publication is art therapy itself. Hana Stehlíková Babyrádová deals with the role of catharsis in artistic expression or inner cleansing of the soul. The text further reflects the author's experience with arteterapeutical creation. Pavel Šafář focused on the approach of archetypal arteterapeutic approaches. Author Jana Ovčáčková explains the importance of play in certain therapeutic methods. The text of Julie Zorkovská, compared with previous authors, refers to the importance of rituals, which is in close connection with the psychological illness.
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Living in today’s rushed time full of various changes increases the demands on the individual’s ability to adapt to these changes. Career adaptability plays an important role in coping with changing demands in the field of work. What is career adaptability? Why is it important, and what does it affect? The answers to these questions and many others are provided in the monograph, entitled “Career adaptability: Its Forms, Changes, Contexts, and Roles in the Lives of Young Adults Undergoing Upper-Secondary Vocational Education,” which is the first publication written on this topic in the Czech language. In the book, a team of authors presents the construct of career adaptability and the results of unique research carried out in the Czech Republic. In the first part, the reader may find an analytical overview of various concepts of career adaptability and related concepts. The central part of the publication is devoted to the results of quantitatively conducted longitudinal research, which aimed to identify career adaptability and its relationships to several demographic, school, relational, and personality variables in the case of students and later graduates of upper-secondary vocational education—those who are in the crucial stages of their career construction. Many empirical findings concentrated in this book are beneficial not only for the career counseling theories and research on career adaptability but also for vocational education or career counseling practitioners.
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This book is a brief manual of games and theatrical exercises that the team of the show Familia Offline used during a year in the workshops that were the basis of the development of the show. The book includes dramatic writing exercises adapted to the performance script, theatrical improvisation exercises, vocal training exercises and a text about the working method of one of the theorists and practitioners who revolutionized theater pedagogy of the 20th century – Dorothy Heathcote.
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Self-regulation, is one of the key human abilities. At its core are beliefs about whether people perceive themselves as autonomous and competent beings, whether they take responsibility for their behavior, what goals they choose, how they achieve them, how they plan and organize their activities, how they make decisions, and what emotions they experience in doing so. This book provides a perspective on self-regulation as a protective factor for risk behaviors in adolescence. The issue of risk behavior in adolescents is still an open and lively topic in terms of the changing dominance of its forms, which reflect the evolution of society. Our research aims to contribute to the understanding of the functioning of selected phenomena. We believe that the book will bring a closer understanding of the issue and valuable information not only for practitioners, prevention methodologists, psychologists, but also for teachers and parents who are in daily contact with adolescents.
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