Państwo bez wstrętu

Author(s): Przemysław Czapliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

In this article Czapliński proposes to read Stefan Żeromski’s novel Before the Spring as a rather cruel project of the modern state. In this state the key subjects are communities (bioclasses and social classes) whose raison d’être are reproduction and productiveness. The biopolitical state must take them into consideration, as their usefulness transcends their own disgustingness. The state need not consider infertile classes (the landed gentry) or unproductive classes (parts of the Jewry), as their inability to meet the new criterion they are inexorably stigmatized as odious.

Między pamięcią a historią. Pisarze żydowscy pochodzenia maghrebskiego we Francji. Perspektywa socjologiczna

Author(s): Ewa Tartakowsky / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

Literary production by Jewish writers from North Africa in France reaches back to the 1950s and has been gaining momentum since the 1980s. These works function as vectors of memory, ‘historiography’ and adaptation. In a new environment, exile leads to recollection and memorialization processes, enabling the subject to fight against trauma and providing the migrant group with a framework of reference. Literature, which does not require a scientific framework, is able immediately to take over the narration of the past. These processes mediate between the exiled group and the host community, in which the exile literary work transcends the social realities that help construct the individual.

Помощ за евреите по време на Втората световна война. Нови аспекти

Author(s): Marcin Urynowicz / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

The issue of the aid given by the Polish to the Jewish community during the Second World War turned out to be heavily neglected in the historical researches after 1945. This article provides guidance for future research on this issue.

Съветът за помощ на евреите („Жегота“) в структурите на полската нелегална държава

Author(s): Waldemar Grabowski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

The persecution of the Polish society by German occupiers is the cause of both individual and institutional support actions. As part of the actions of the Polish Underground State, such an action is carried out by the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile, and in particular the Department of Labor and Social Welfare. The aid action are aimed at both repressed and threatened by reprisals, citizens of the Polish state, regardless of their religion and nationality. Due to the particularly brutal behavior of the Germans, directed directly at the destruction of the entire Jewish people, the authorities of the Polish State, together with many public and political organizations, held an organized action to help the Jews from the end of 1942. To this end, the Polish Council to Aid Jews ("Jegota") was established. Within his modest possibilities, the Council was making efforts to save as many Jews as possible.

„Който предостави на евреин подслон, достави му храна или му окаже друг вид помощ, подлежи на смъртно наказание“

Author(s): Aleksandra Namysło / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2017

The Institute of National Remembrance realized a program "Index of Poles, repressed and killed for assisting Jews during the Second World War". The aim of the program is to identify the names of Polish citizens who lived in the territory of the Republic of Poland before September 1, 1939 and were opressed by the Third Reich military and civilian authorities, its officers and members of the Nazi Party; by the collaborative organizations, for assisting Jewish population.

Поляци спасяват евреи в района на Жешов по време на Втората световна война

Author(s): Elżbieta Rączy / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2017

The article presents the situation of the Poles and Jews during the German occupation in the Rzeszow region, as well as the ways of saving the Jewish population there.

Lodż hot gehuljet. Łódź hulała. Obraz kina i kultury atrakcji w żydowskiej gazecie codziennej 'Lodzer Tageblat' w latach 1908-1914

Author(s): Martyna Steckiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2013

Lodz is a perfect example of the industrial, multiethnic city, which was developing very intensively during the XIX century. The changes concerned also the social structure and lifestyle of its inhabitants. Creating of the new ideas and cultural customs affected the morals and principles. Jews as a constituted group of city residents, were experiencing those changes as well. Systematically they took part in urban everyday life and became the attractive customer for the local entertainment industry. The article presents the analysis of the reception of early cinema in the Yiddish local newspaper „Lodzer Tageblat”, for the first time published in 1908. The presence of announcements and advertisements proves that Jews constituted an important part of Lodz’s audience in premises offering different entertainment programs. By putting reception of early cinema to the context of all other municipal entertainments offered by the local theatres, circus and cinematographs, I refer to to other research in early movie‐going in Łódź.

Polityka Izraela wobec Strefy Gazy po 2005 r.

Author(s): Andrzej Guzowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2014

The 2005 Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip dramatically changed the political situation of said territory. Due to the poor economic situation of its inhabitants, itself caused by years of Israeli policy of isolation, and general perception of being mistreated by the Israeli government, the power vacuum created in the wake of the withdrawal was filled by Hamas. The fundamentalists took control of the Gaza Strip in 2007, which caused the decision-makers in Tel Aviv to take radical measures to deal with the organization. A tight blockade of the Gaza Strip was introduced and while it may have curbed some of Hamas activities, it also worsened the living conditions of the inhabitants, creating a humanitarian crisis. Israeli policy has been criticized by many members of the international community. Moreover, Tel Aviv carried out several military operations, two of which (“Cast Lead” in 2008/2009 and “Protective Edge” in 2014) were characterized by significantly high numbers of civilian deaths. All of these actions, aimed at eliminating terrorists and improving Israeli citizens' security, seem to be rather short-sighted. Israeli policy only popularizes Hamas propaganda among Palestinians, therefore strengthening the organization and creating a vicious circle of misery and violence.

Създаване на системата за закрила на детето и развитие на националните политики

Author(s): Eva Zhecheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The article reviews issues related to the development of the national policies for child protection, the adoption of new legislation and the establishment of the child protection system in Bulgaria. An attempt is being made to analyze the national strategic framework, the challenges and impact mechanisms. Among the main points of this research material are the functions and powers of the new institutional structures for child protection, their normative development and a short impact assessment.

Удовлетвореност от професионалния труд на учителите в образователни институции

Author(s): Bozhidara Kriviradeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The article presents results from an empirical study among teachers from all over the country about their satisfaction with professional labor. The study was made with a questionnaire for the diagnosis of labor satisfaction, developed by M. Radoslavova and A. Velichkov.

Ян Карски – герой на полската съпротива

Author(s): Andrzej Żbikowski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2016

Żydzi w Biblii, czyli uporczywy anachronizm

Author(s): Tomasz Paweł Krzeszowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że używanie polskiego wyrazu „Żyd” i jego derywatów w odniesieniu do przedstawicieli „narodu wybranego” uczestniczącego w wydarzeniach opisanych w Starym i Nowym Testamencie jest anachronizmem językowym, gdyż wyraz „Żyd” w tym właśnie kształcie graficznym i fonetycznym powstał dopiero w średniowieczu. Dlatego używanie tego wyrazu w kontekście wydarzeń biblijnych jest niestosowne. Ten klasyczny anachronizm językowy jest o tyle zdumiewający, że stosują go nie tylko sami współcześnie żyjący Żydzi, gdy posługują się językiem polskim, ale także inni polscy specjaliści w dziedzinie judaistyki i biblistyki. Artykuł zawiera kilka przykładów rażąco anachronicznych polskich tłumaczeń fragmentów Starego i Nowego Testamentu. Można zaryzykować twierdzenie, że omawiany anachronizm w dużej mierze przyczynia się do kształtowania postaw antysemickich, zwłaszcza wśród niektórych wyznawców chrześcijaństwa. // The aim of the paper is to provide evidence for the claim that the Polish word ‘Żyd’ and its derivatives as used with reference to the “chosen people” taking part in the events described in the Bible is a linguistic anachronism. The word in its present graphic and phonetic shape had not come into existence before Middle Ages. As an anachronism it is inappropriate in the context of biblical events. Yet, it occurs not only in the language of contemporary Jewish people but also as an accepted term in biblical and Judaic studies. The article contains a number of examples of anachronistic Polish versions of the Bible. One can venture the claim that the anachronism in question significantly contributes to maintaining anti-Semitic attitudes, especially among certain groups of contemporary Christians.

Fotografia wobec krzyku pamięci zagłady spod betonu masowego turyzmu

Author(s): Wojciech Sternak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

In the text, I discuss the problems of the genocide experience in the context of mass tourism. I point out that large-scale Holocaust memorials and genocide museums incorporated into the mass-tourism industry are drowning out cries of remembrance. I propose three categories of commemoration: “Captions”, “Monuments” and “Stand-alone Works”. The latter category includes fine art photography among others. Using the case of the photographic series Koenigsgraben, I point out that the category of “Stand-alone Works” seems to have the greatest potential (next to historical enviro mental activeness) to free the cry of remembrance from beneath the concrete of the monuments.

Communications

Author(s): Vladimir Sadek,Bedřich Nosek / Language(s): French Issue: 2/1972

1. Le cycle: de conférences d’automne du Musée Juif d’Etat en 1971 2. Les études hébraïques à la Faculté des Lettres de l’Université Charles de Prague 3. Bedřich Nosek: Raimundus Martini (Pugio fidei), ses rapports avec le judaïsme et la philosophie islamiqu

L’OEUVRE DE SAÜL MÉZAN ET L’INFLUENCE FRANÇAISE SUR LES SÉFARADES EN BULGARIE

Author(s): Vladimir Paunovski / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2024

Saul or Shaul Yeroham Mezan is a doctor with specialization in surgery and urology, Doctor of Medicine, officer, public figure, Zionist, anti-fascist, publicist, journalist, poet, historian, and folklorist – researcher of Sephardism, political scientist and current political analyst. He was born in the city of Tatar-Pazardjik (today Pazardjik, Bulgaria) in 1893, and died far from his homeland, as a victim of Nazism, probably around 1943. Nowadays his name is known to a few researchers, as the predominant writings about him and his work are episodic in time and fragmentary in their subject matter. His literary and journalistic works, as well as his socio-political views, remain almost unknown to the general public, including, unfortunately, to the Jewish community in Bulgaria. The objective of the paper is the French-speaking environment in which S. Mezan was formed, and his works in French in various fields of the knowledge, which prevail over the ones in Bulgarian both in quantity and in terms of scientific and social significance. The author also pays special attention to the numerous yet scattered references for the French influence on the language, the way of life and the culture of the Sephardim in Bulgaria in the book by S. Mezan dedicated to them.

Резюм

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1980

Summaries for Judaica Bohemiae 1980/1.

Communications

Author(s): Anita Franková,Vladimir Sadek / Language(s): English,German Issue: 1/1982

1. Zweigstellen des Konzentrationslagers Gross-Rosen in den Leinenwebereien der Gegend von Trutnov während der Nazi Besetzung 2. The Exhibition “Folk Art in the Collections of the State Jewish Museum“ 3. Das Faksimile des Grabsteines von Avigdor Kara

RAZGOVOR S JAKOBOM FINCIJEM “KROZ MEĐUNARODNI FORUM BOSNA SMO UČILI O SEBI, DRUGIMA TE DRUGE O SEBI”

Author(s): Medina Delalić,Jakob Finci / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 100/2022

Interview with Jakob Finci by Medina Delalić.

От умереност към революция: Давид Бен Гурион оглавява еврейската агенция

Author(s): Tsanko Tsolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

As the leader of the World Zionist Organization, Chaim Weizmann laid foundations for a future Jewish state in a calm manner. Believing that the future of the whole Zionist enterprise lies in the hand of Great Britain, Weizmann became friend and common guest to many highlevel politicians in London. Using these connections during WWI and 1920’s, he gradually gained quite a few concessions for the Jewish community in Palestine. With the WWII approaching however, his policy crumbled. New ways were needed in order for the Zionist dream to become a reality. This is what David Ben-Gurion offered, first as head of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and then imposing his views on the whole WZO. This paper deals with the different characters and beliefs of Gurion and Weizmann.

Żydowskie ślady na Środkowym Nadodrzu

Author(s): Andrzej Kirmiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2011

Artykuł dotyczy pozostałości po obecności ludności żydowskiej na Środkowym Nadodrzu. Autorka krótko opisuje polsko-niemiecką współpracę w akcie ratowania dziedzictwa kulturowego na badanym terenie oraz działalność organizacji społecznych i szkół uczestniczących w tym przedsięwzięciu.