Die Minderheitenfrage und die Entstehung der Minderheitenschutzverträge auf der Pariser Friedenskonferenz 1919

Author(s): Erwin Viefhaus / Language(s): German

This eBook edition is a digsimile of an original that has been published as Vol. 11 of the MARBURGER OSTFORSCHUNGEN, edited by Hellmuth Weiss in 1960, published by Holzner-Verlag, Würzburg // This re-edition published by courtesy of Dr. Marianne Viefhaus und Ms Anne Linsel // Demanding the right of national self-determination, new national states were born in Eastern Europe after the peace agreements following the First World War. In this work Erwin Viefhaus analyses the development of the agreement on the protection of minority rights after the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.

Hana Arent: Odabrana bibliografija

Author(s): Obrad Savić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Hannah Arendt: Selected Bibliography

История византийской Таврики по данным нумизматики

Author(s): Mikhail M. Choref / Language(s): Russian

Ziele und Wege einer Wirtschaftsgeschichte der Juden in der Tschechoslowakischen Republik.

Author(s): Bernhard Heilig / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

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Die Altneusynagoge in Prag.

Author(s): Zdenka Münzer / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

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Die Judengemeinde von Ungarisch-Brod und ihr Streit mit dem Grundherrn Grafen Leo Wilhelm von Kaunitz, gest. 1655.

Author(s): Bertold Bretholz / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

Die Juden in Neuhaus.

Author(s): Michael Rachmuth / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

Die Erlebnisse des Oberrabbiners Simon Spira-Wedeles in Prag (1640—1679).

Author(s): Tobias Jakobovits / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

Zsidók Temesvárott ...és széles e világban. Esszék a magyar-zsidó (zsidó-magyar) szimbiózis történetéből

Author(s): Béla Borsi-Kálmán / Language(s): Hungarian

Béla Borsi-Kálmán, professor of the Eastern Europe Department of Eötvös Loránd University, has studied the problematics of Hungarian nation formation and national conscience for many years. Within that, he has been mainly investigating the way how the adaptation of the French-type nation-state model took place in the peculiar East-Central European socio-historical and mental context, and how the inherent deficiencies of the former affected the relations of Hungarians with other peoples and nations of the region (especially with Romanians). His research has increasingly convinced him that the key to understanding this intricate system of relations is the group of phenomena that he calls “aristocratic civilianization” (after Bertalan Szemere, Zsigmond Kemény and Zoltán Tóth) that has fundamentally determined our “national character” ever since, and which explains, among others, the successful social integration and nearly perfect Magyarization of the Jewry of Hungary at the end of the 19th century. And perhaps one day it will be the systematic implementation of this “approach” that will bring about the “pacification” of the various segments of the Hungarian nation-body and will allow for the termination and mental surpassing of the disheartening lack of unity at present.

Zsidókérdés Magyarországon 1944 után

Author(s): István Bibó,Ferenc Fehér / Language(s): Hungarian

In 1948 in his seminal study “The Jewish Question in Hungary After 1944” István Bibó did draw attention to the role of Hungarian society at large in the implementation of the logic of the Holocaust. Bibó bravely suggested “that the anti-Jewish legislative measures were supported, if not by a clearly visible majority, then at least by a force more massive than their opponents.” What Bibó saw to be a “slippage” from the 1930s onwards resulted in the events of 1944, which Bibó interpreted as evidence of “the moral decline of Hungarian society.” Bibó claims that the opportunities for upward mobility that ‘non-Jews’ seized in 1944 Hungary provided “an appalling picture of insatiable avarice, a hypocritical lack of scruples, or at best cold opportunism in a sizeable segment of this society that was profoundly shocking not only to the Jews involved, but also all decent Hungarians.” This question of postwar remembrance of the Holocaust is of continuing relevance. History is a subject of interest not simply to historians; it has contemporary implications. Whether the Holocaust in Hungary is remembered as a part of or apart from Hungarian history has important implications for the kind of past Hungary remembers. (Tim Cole in Hungary and the Holocaust/Confrontation with the Past/Symposium Proceedings/Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies/United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 2001)

Metamorfózy medzivojnového slovenského politického života s akcentom na židovské obyvateľstvo na príklade mestečka Spišská Belá

Author(s): Peter Švorc / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Dejiny sú jedným z najpozoruhodnejších, ale aj jedným z najkomplikovanejších fenoménov ľudskej existencie. Pochopiť ich priebeh, smerovanie, ale aj ich napĺňanie ľudskou činnosťou nie je jednoduché ani len na pohľad. No i napriek tomu, resp. práve preto, musí historická veda, ktorá dostala do vienka úlohu zmapovať ľudskú spoločnosť v jej vývoji, pozorne sledovať všetky stránky jej života, mapovať ich vzájomné dotyky, ich prelínanie, ich konflikty, aby mohla vo fáze syntézy načrtnúť základné tendencie historického vývoja. A tak potom tzv. „veľké dejiny“ s celoštátnym či celonárodným charakterom prezentujú verejnosti proces, ktorým prešla spoločnosť v skúmanom historickom období. Súčasne ukazujú, čo všetko ho determinovalo a posúvalo do tej či onej polohy a ako sa tento proces javil a javí navonok. To následne umožňuje historikom vysloviť charakteristiku spoločnosti a urobiť súd o výsledkoch svojho poznania. No a v tomto okamihu môže bádateľ odrazu stáť na „tenkom ľade“. Jeho charakteristika, ktorá naozaj platí na široké spoločenstvo, v istom momente stráca svoju platnosť. Stráca ju vlastne vtedy, keď ju chceme mechanicky aplikovať na jednotlivé zložky spoločnosti, na ich vývoj, na ich vlastné „malé“ dejiny.

Vymedzenie pojmu žida v právnych normách slovenského štátu

Author(s): Katarína Zavacká / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Ochrana národnostných a rasových menšín, zakotvená vo versaillských mierových zmluvách a vzťahujúca sa i na Nemecko, nielenže v tejto krajine od roku 1933 prestala platiť, ale do popredia sa dostal nový fenomén – úplné popretie rovnosti človeka pred zákonom, predovšetkým na základe rasového princípu. Pri transformácii demokratického politického systému na nový – totalitný – došlo teda v chápaní vzťahu politiky a práva k zásadným zmenám. Nemeckí národní socialisti, vychádzajúc z ideologických zásad Hitlerovho Mein Kampf presadili názor, že zákony nepomôžu, dôležitejšia je vraj „instinktivně cítěná potřeba německého národa“. V týchto intenciách vyhlásil roku 1933 poslanec ríšskeho snemu za NSDAP Dr. Freisler: „Co pak tu záleží na nějakém rozhodnutí státního dvora! Pryč se směšnou posvátností paragrafů! Národ přece neobětuje vlastní život pro pár paragrafů.“ Pre tých, ktorým totalitná ideológia imponovala, to znamenalo prekročenie morálneho Rubikonu. „Podle nacistické theorie je zákon toliko zbraní v politickém boji. Kerrl, státní úředník, který se stal ministrem spravedlnosti v Prusku, tvrdil v prvních dnech revoluce, že se zákon musí zbavit posedlosti ‘mrtvou objektivností’, tohoto žalostného dědictví liberalismu. Hitler tento názor schválil.“

Pravo i etika - Žene i Jevreji u vatikanskom sistemu pravnih i etičkih vrednosti kroz istoriju u svetlosti teorije definicionizma -

Author(s): Vladimir Umeljić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The author deals with the relationship between the Vatican, through its system of legal and ethical values, to women and Jews. Then the relationship of law and ethics is transferred to the field of modern society, considering the different views of the genocide, some of which are unethical and based on a distinctive conception of genocide in the light of political and ideological needs.

The Ethics of Elie Wiesel`s Storytelling as a New Theoretical Approach in Representing the Holocaust

Author(s): Alina Marincean / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Grounded on Giorgio Agamben's assertion that once the historical, technical and legal context of the Jewish genocide has been sufficiently clarified, we are facing a serious challenge when we really seek to understand it and becomes more thought-provoking when we try to represent it. The difference between what we know about the Holocaust and how this delicate issue should be represented is facing major challenges in the context of content abundance on both Holocaust classical analyses or contemporary digital formats.Contemporary society is facing ethical and emotional limitation regarding Holocaust representation. What is the right way to represent the Holocaust after eight decades since the Holocaust took place is one of the relevant questions that arises in this context? How to live, what to do, and how do the consequences of my actions affect society after the Holocaust experience,are some of the quests of Elie Wiesel’s life. The paper will highlight how his storytelling provides some guidelines for shaping a possible good way of representing the Holocaust and what are its resources. It will also illustrate what are the ethical components of his storytelling that constitute an example of ethical conduct and give some relevant suggestions on how to instrument them in order to place Holocaust representation on a progressive way of reflection.

Dramatik Max Zweig – prorok nového humanismu

Author(s): Ivana Cahová / Language(s): Czech

The publication deals with the life and work of Max Zweig, a native of Moravia, German-language Jewish playwright from Israel. The aim of this work is to make Zweig’s early literary and dramatic texts, so far absent in literary history, visible and accessible (especially to Czech professional public and Czech readers). This interdisciplinary work, oscillating between literary-analytical and cultural-historical studies, analyses Zweig’s artistic texts in the socio-political and cultural discourses of Moravia in a breakthrough period between the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and the first Czechoslovak Republic, of Vienna and of Berlin in the interwar period and in the early years of the Shoah, and of Tel Aviv in the last years of the British Mandate, during the pioneering building of the “Jewish homeland” and in the dramatic period following the establishment of an independent State of Israel. Through these discourses and on the basis of Zweig’s biography that they formed, this work tries to analyse in what environment and how a Central European Jewish identity was formed in the 20th century and at the same time to point out the specifics of German-language literature in Israel as an “interspace” literature that cannot be to explored through the lens of history of only one cultural and aesthetic tradition.

Historia e Hebrenjve në tokën e Malit të Zi

Author(s): Igor Radulović / Language(s): Albanian Publication Year: 0

Istorija Jevreja na tlu Crne Gore

Author(s): Igor Radulović / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Trnava ako historické centrum náboženského života

Author(s): Ivan A. Petranský / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Trnava has a specific significance in the religious history of Slovakia, and in some historical periods this importance extends beyond the boundaries of Slovakia and, at the same time, it acquires a dimension that extends to other than religious and confessional aspects of society. The paper deals with the key problems of Trnava’s position in religious life, focusing largely on the importance of the town in the history of the Catholic Church from the Middle Ages up to the 20th century. In addition, it focuses on the history of the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession and the Jewish religion as the confession which also shaped the history of the town. The issue is explored from the point of view of the possibilities of using the results for the preparation of excursion education, paying attention to specific places in Trnava which could be used for excursions.

CAMPAIGNING, LOBBYING, LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES

Author(s): / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Židé v českých zemích v moderní době. Židovské stereotypy a všední život Židů v badatelském přístupu výuky

Author(s): Zdeňka Stoklásková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Cílem je demonstrovat problematiku židovských dějin vysvětlením a v některých případech pokusem o vyvrácení určitých zažitých stereotypů. Problematika Židů v dějinách je velmi často spojena pouze s holocaustem a dějinami 20. století. Velmi často je upozaďován výklad židovského všedního života vzhledem k jejich kulturnímu a vědeckému přínosu pro společnost. Cílem je prostřednictvím pochopení určitých pojmů „nastartovat“ vidění minulosti ve světě kolem nás. Důležitou součástí je práce s digitalizovanými prameny, které mohou napomoci pochopení historie, a to zejména v regionálním kontextu.