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Zpráva o International Systemic Research Conference 2017, Heidelberg, 8.–11. 3. 2017
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Zpráva o International Systemic Research Conference 2017, Heidelberg, 8.–11. 3. 2017
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The article considers a range of literary texts about the war in Donbas and argues that one of the primary representational strategies employed by Ukrainian writers has been the use of “parapolemics.” The article operates with Kate McLoughlin’s definition of this term as a focus on the “outskirts” of armed conflict, but also relates the idea to concepts drawn from trauma studies. While, on the one hand, the use of parapolemics may be a way of avoiding direct representation of wartime violence and death, the opportunities it affords are extremely valuable: focusing on the “backstage” of war and eschewing direct representation of violence allows writers to explore otherwise marginalized, and highly complex, dimensions of wartime experience. At the same time, connecting the parapolemic approach to ideas taken from trauma theory, particularly relating to empathy and responsibility, allows us to understand how parapolemics provide a way of reflecting both on the ethics of representing war and the of self-other relationships that arise in wartime.
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The COVID-19 pandemic context put to test all adaptive skills of human beings around the world. In this disruptive context, a sample of 401 respondents (173 male and 228 female), aged between 19 and 65 years old, were assessed using the Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (USAQ), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Emotional Distress Profile (PDE) and the Autonomy Questionnaire, from Cognitrom Assessment System. The main objectives of the study aimed at identifying the significant differences in emotional distress, coping mechanisms, autonomy and self-acceptance based on gender and age as grouping variables, and the significant relationships between all these variables. Statistics show differences in behavioural and emotional autonomy between male and female, differences related to catastrophizing and blaming others as resilience mechanisms between male and female, differences in self-acceptance and positive assessment (as coping mechanism) between young people and adults, and significant negative correlations between emotional distress and all types of autonomy (value, cognitive, behavioural and emotional), significant positive correlation with coping mechanisms like blaming others, catastrophizing, self-blame and acceptance, and significant negative correlation with positive assessment and refocusing on planning. All results are discussed in the context of the disruption caused by the pandemic context and in relationship with the necessity of supporting people to maintain their mental health and well-being, now more than ever, with the new turning back to the previous way of life caused by the lifting of the state of alert by the authorities.
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The study of so-called ‘disfluency’ phenomena (uh and um, filled and unfilled pauses, self-repairs and the like) has gained a lot of attention in various fields in linguistics in the past few decades, but a majority of studies tend to be production-oriented and often disregard fundamental aspects of face-to-face communication such as interactional dynamics and gesture. This paper presents a multimodal and multilevel model of “inter-fluency”, considering different levels of analysis, mainly, talk, gesture, and interaction, by combining different theoretical frameworks and methodologies in gesture studies and interactional linguistics in order to bridge this gap and go beyond previous cognitive-oriented models.
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The magic of Photoshop is much better than plastic surgery, because it brings the face to perfection without making or leaving visible scars. However, its excessive use is not entirely without consequences, as Instagram standards promote altered and photo shopped images, thereby imposing unrealistic standards of beauty. The „insta look” has become very popular among young girl, so even though these girls are beautiful in their own right, this trend takes them away from reality and turns them into avatars. This „insta look” makes young girls self-centered while also lacking self-esteem and self-confidence, as well as empathy. Although empathy is one of the key factors for happiness, insta girls find happiness in their personal appearance and they care a lot about the opinion of others, i.e. they care about the number of likes and followers on social media. The aim of this work is to show how imposed beauty standards have a negative effect on growing up and the formation of identity among young people. The paper presents the case of a fifteen-year-old girl who, due to a sudden drop in popularity on Instagram, fell into a depressive phase with suicidal thoughts. In accordance with research that has shown that the feeling of insecurity, which is characteristic of this standard of beauty, and which again leads to egocentrism and alienation from oneself, can be reduced and prevented by a different approach to young girls.
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In recent years, social networks have become extremely popular among young people. At the same time, they have significantly influenced the patterns and intensity of communication and interaction. Their use at the same time has provided numerous advantages, but also has showed various disadvantages and negative consequences. Data so far show that young people increasingly use these media to maintain existing intimate relationships but also to meet new partners. Because of this, the aim of this paper was to examine the attitudes of young people about the influence of social networks on their romantic/intimate relationships. The paper presents the results of the research conducted during September 2021 using the online survey method on a convenient sample of 110 male and female students of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Split. The research examine how much time young people spend on social networks, which social networks they use most often and for what purpose, and to investigate the ways in which social networks influence finding a partner and maintaining existing love connections/relationships. The obtained results show that most of the respondents use Facebook and Instagram for three to five hours a day, and for the purpose of getting to know potential partners, the respondents most often use Instagram. Although approximately half of the respondents had the experience of meeting a partner through social networks, most of them do not actually prefer it. More than a third of the respondents, point that social networks did not help them maintain a good relationship with their partner. Also, the uploading of the pictures with partners on social networks did not make them more confident that their relationship with their partner was good. The respondents also think that social networks are not very important in maintaining intimate relationships with a partner, but they use them to maintain long-distance relationships. Furthermore, approximately half of the respondents have the experience of sending explicit content to their partner. Respondents also think that social networks increase mistrust in relationships and that they reduce "face-to-face" interactions.
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It is not clear whether religions are on the rise or fall today. The present study investigated whether personality trait factors can predict the combined growth of religious affiliations and non-affiliations (i.e., the number of people who self-identify with a religion or do not identify with any religion) across socio-cultural contexts through an analysis of online survey data collected from 111 countries and 4,270 individuals. In a multiple-discriminant analysis, religion self-reports constituted three independent dimensions. Religious affiliations and nonaffiliations (whether a person identifies as a member of a specific religion or identifies him/ herself as an atheist or agnostic) formed separate clusters along one axis, while on the other two, they did not. Across countries, religions’ growth rates significantly predicted the trait factor configuration classifying religious affiliations (seeing oneself as a member of a specific religion) differently from non-affiliations (seeing oneself as an atheist or an agnostic). The personality profile grouping affiliations together with non-affiliations had a non-significant relationship with religions’ growth rates. In sum, although self-identifying with no religion (i.e., agnosticism and atheism) might not replace affiliating with a religion in the short run, it can show a non-significant trend toward competing with adhering to most popular religions. The results may have implications for understanding the impact of religious pluralism on religions’ growth rates and the different growth trends associated with the complexity of religious affiliations.
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Prior research has indicated that gelotophobia, people’s fear of being laughed at, influences their emotions toward a disparaging humorous event. Based on two experiments with a sample of 50 Greek participants each, the present study employed face recognition software to explore the emotions of gelotophobes, when exposed to an advertisement. It further examined the moderating role of the type of advertisement (i.e. a disparaging humorous ad vs. a nondisparaging non-humorous ad) and identification with the victim of the joke, on gelotophobes' emotions. At higher levels of identification with the victim, gelotophobes indicated lower levels of joy, joyful (Duchenne) smile, and a positive emotional valence toward a disparaginghumorous advertisement as opposed to non-gelotophobes. Joy was also found to mediate the negative effects of gelotophobia on attitude toward the ad.
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The influence of the epidemic on linguistic choices in public speech has become clearly pronounced over the past year during which social conditions have changed significantly and during which communication, both public and private, has become media mediated to a great extent. Since the extralinguistic conditions in a large segment of society have in a way begun to resemble those during the state of war - danger lurking outside, people boarding up in their homes, socialization reduced to the bare minimum, people being afraid of other people - language could not escape unscathed and as a result some old expressions, typical of times of war and other times of crisis, have become activated in public discourse. In addition, some new expressions have come into existence as the product of the social need to describe the present circumstances. In this paper emphasis will be placed on the analysis of media mediated language of the selected public persons to whom the society has assigned the leading roles in the “fight” against the epidemic. Special attention will be paid to the metaphorical reframing, i.e., linking of various concepts in accordance with the linguistic needs, as well as to certain elements of dictatorship speech which have been reactivated under these circumstances.
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The concept of digital natives is a frequently heard concept today. We live intertwined with technology. As in every field, technology has also taken its place in the fields of education. In addition to the advantages of technology products that facilitate the life of university students academically, physically, psychologically and socially, they also have negative effects in terms of physical, psychological and sociological aspects. Especially due to the misuse of smartphones, mobile Internet and social media, university students experience many problems such as technology addiction, nomophobia, netlessphobia and problematic social media use. In terms of socialisation, it is seen that university students are more affected by the psychological factors brought by technology, as they use it extensively in their academic studies and access to information. For this purpose, this study aims to determine the views of university students on the psychological effects of technology. Within the scope of this general purpose, a study was conducted with 84 university freshmen. In order to reach the aim of the research, five open-ended questions developed by the researcher were asked. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that university students have problems because they do not use technology correctly. This situation disrupts social relationships and affects communication. The use of technological tools by students may cause social phobia, communication problems, academic success, emotional turmoil and physical harm to physical health. For conscious use, it can be recommended to inform students by giving trainings.
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Understanding the role of language errors and skillfully dealing with them is an important factor influencing the effectiveness of second language learning. The article focuses on teachers’ attitudes towards their 7th–9th grade pupils’ errors and how they address their errors. The results were obtained via an online questionnaire among teachers at different schools (n = 25), the results of which were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively and compared with the principles of the usage-based approach (Martin et al. 2010, Eskildsen 2008, Mustonen 2015). In conclusion, teachers’ opinions are partly consistent with the usage-based approach. According to the teachers, their students make a lot of errors, and the most common type of errors are morphosyntactic. Teachers generally consider errors in the process of linguistic development to be natural, but they also think that errors need to be addressed. Concerning the feedback types, it was found that for dealing with errors in oral texts, a wider range of feedback types was perceived as useful than for written texts. In the written text, most teachers correct all errors, in the oral text, not all errors are corrected. When correcting errors in both oral and written texts, most respondents take into account the student’s language proficiency level and the type of task. In the oral texts teachers also take into account the recurrence of the error and the student’s personality, and in the case of written texts, previous learning of the subject. Errors in oral text are usually corrected after speaking, and more explicit learning is valued, which requires students to pay close attention to the errors and to correct the errors themselves. When correcting errors in a written text, teachers rather present the correct structures with explanations themselves. Teachers value the role of speaking in the development of linguistic accuracy and also allow learners to use language with errors. Repeated teaching of error-prone topics is also considered important to reduce errors. However, practice, especially oral practice of error-prone topics, is not seen as important. The impact of listening to authentic input on the development of linguistic accuracy is also underestimated, and the role of writing is rather underestimated. The study only reflects teachers’ self-esteem in terms of correcting errors, which does not mean that teachers behave exactly according to their opinions in the actual teaching process. It is also not clear from the study how good the teachers’ knowledge is of the errors characteristic in different stages of development. In the future, it would be worthwhile to study the same topic with lesson observations. It would also be worthwhile to differentiate between groups of teachers who have different views on errors. Despite some limitations, the results of the study provide important information in a hitherto unexplored area. The results should be taken into account in teacher training and the creation of methodological materials.
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Demographic situation worldwide faces serious challenges that deserve special attention especially since the middle of the 20th century. Bulgaria is one of the European countries with the fastest shrinking population and according to some authors it is risking a “demographic death”. Data show that it is the country with the lowest total fertility rate ever recorded in peacetime in Europe. This is also the case for the East-Central European countries. This article focuses on the reasons which could encourage young people in Bulgaria to consider having children and whether they see advantages or disadvantages in not having offspring. The paper traces gender differences and aims to focus the attention on the theory of planned behavior and family planning as a valued element in addressing the demographic crisis. Sixty semi-structured interviews have been conducted for the purposes of the present paper among sixty 20- to 40-year-old men and women, who don’t have children.
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A vast number of studies and recent trends in reproduction show that birth rates have been declining worldwide since the middle of the 20th century. A wide range of scientific fields deal with this problem mostly by establishing different consequences birth rate may have on economic development, culture, traditional beliefs and social values. This article focuses on the role of the inner world of the human being as initiator of different factors, which define reproductive attitudes and behavior: experiences about the self, personality traits and attachment styles. First, the importance of globalization regarding reproduction attitudes and the hypothesis that women empowerment is related to fertility are highlighted. The paper traces the cultural differences regarding reproductive attitudes and in the way human behavior and attachment styles could be considered as predictors for changes in fertility. The article presents a brief picture of personality traits as predictors for fertility success as well as the role of men and women in the decision-making process. Special attention is paid to the reproductive success in Bulgaria as one of the fastest shrinking populations in Europe next to Lithuania.
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People have always felt a need for connecting with others and belonging in a community. These fundamental needs have not changed over centuries and millennia, but the way in which individuals fulfill them in the Internet age is unprecedented. Social networks enable the connection between people and like-minded groups more quickly and easily and on a much grander scale than ever before. The internet harbors communities of varied interests, some of which are marginalized and not well understood by the mainstream. One such example are individuals suffering from dysfunctional eating behavior and eating disorders. This study traces their online communities, their attempts to assert their self- and group-identity, and showcases how despite their efforts, they are persecuted in the online world and stigmatized by society.
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The phenomenon of transgenerational trauma has been proved by numerous international studies exploring both individual stories and collective tragedies. These studies have usually been limited to the description of a single event and its effect. With this paper there is an attempt to see it broadly and narrowly simultaneously: across one nation — the Russians — and across quite significant and unique period in global and national history — the XX century. For Russia, the twentieth century represents a unique historical stratum which concentrated a whole galaxy of fundamental, historically significant events for the nation and each of its representatives. Any of them can be seen as a separate humanitarian catastrophe on a par with those already proposed for study. We can thus assume a new form of transgenerational phenomenon in relation to the Russian nation — characterized by a repetitive, ongoing and periodically intensifying traumatization, not simply transmitted from generation to generation, but multiplied by a whole series of traumatic events layered over the previous with new undigested grief.
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Arising from the complexity and multidisciplinarity of the problem of nonverbal communication and impression management in the organizational environment, its investigation constitutes a common subject for several sciences, being located at the confluence of social psychology of personality, communication psychology, educational psychology, organizational psychology and business psychology, reflecting in the same way, the contemporary trend of mutual approximation and escalation of the boundaries of scientific fields.
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Job satisfaction is a combination of positive or negative feelings that employees have about their work. Meanwhile, when an employee in an organization brings with him the needs, wants, and experiences that determine the expectations he has built, job satisfaction will represent the extent to which the organization meets them. Job satisfaction is the extent to which expectations match reality. Job satisfaction is closely related to the individual's behavior at work. Job satisfaction is the employee's sense of accomplishment and success. It is generally perceived to be directly related to both productivity and personal well-being. Job satisfaction involves having a job you enjoy, doing well, and being rewarded for your personal efforts. Job satisfaction further implies enthusiasm and happiness at work. Job satisfaction is the essential element that leads to recognition, income, promotion and the achievement of other goals that lead to a sense of self-fulfillment [4]. Job satisfaction can also be defined as the extent to which an employee is satisfied with the rewards he derives from his work, especially in terms of intrinsic motivation. The term job satisfaction refers to the manifestations and feelings that people have towards their work. Positive and favorable attitudes towards the workplace indicate job satisfaction. Negative and unfavorable attitudes towards the workplace indicate job dissatisfaction. Job satisfaction is the collection of feelings and beliefs that people have about their current job. People's job satisfaction levels can range from extreme satisfaction to extreme dissatisfaction. In addition to having attitudes about their jobs as a whole, people may also have attitudes about various aspects of their work, such as the type of work they do, their peers, supervisors or subordinates, and pay them.
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In order to shed light on the intrapersonal mechanisms that underlie the teaching in the blended learning environment, which implies the integration of complementary face-to-face and online approaches, we focused on the relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy and motivation for teaching, with reference to the mediating role of teachers’ emotional experiences. The sample included 341 subject teachers from Serbian primary schools, who use the blended learning model in teaching (84% female; average age 43.97 years). The Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale, Emotions in Teaching Inventory – Revised, and Autonomous Motivation for Teaching Scale were used to examine the variables of interest. The overall fit of the mediated model to the data was adequate, confirming the mediating role of teachers’ emotions in the relationship between the studied motivational constructs. The results indicate that the motivation for teaching in a blended learning environment relies on self-efficacy in instructional strategies and self-efficacy in classroom management, which partially act through the emotions concerning the experience of tension.
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This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-control on the relationship between perceived helicopter parental attitudes and problematic online gaming among emerging-adult online gamers. 186 gamers from Turkey were reached using a cross-sectional online survey. According to the results obtained in this study, self-control was negatively associated with problematic online gaming and perceived paternal helicopter parenting attitudes. Also, problematic online gaming was positively correlated with perceived maternal helicopter parenting attitude. It was further found that age, gender, and having previous psychiatric diagnosis were significantly related to problematic online gaming. Age had a positive significant correlation with problematic online gaming whereas those who reported having previous psychiatric diagnosis and male respondents also stated higher levels of problematic online gaming. Lastly, mothers were significantly perceived as having higher helicopter parental attitudes compared to fathers. However, the indirect effect was found significant only at paternal level. Thus, it can be concluded that the indirect effect was due to the tendency for those who perceived higher paternal helicopter parenting attitude to have lower levels of self-control, which in turn resulted in higher levels of problematic online gaming. This study offers novel insight into online gaming research, indicating that perceived paternal helicopter parenting attitude may lead to developing problematic online gaming among emerging adult children with low selfcontrol.
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Social media is a commonly used tool for different purposes such as socialization, obtaining information or meeting with new people. It is known that parents often use social media. “Sharenting” is defined as parents’ sharing their children’s photos, videos, or different information online. Parents share their children with different purposes including sharing information, expressing themselves, helping each other or socialization, however it might have negative consequences in terms of children’s privacy. This review discusses about sharenting behaviors’ prevalence, possible reasons and results, risks for children, and perspectives of parents and children on this topic and it is important in terms of including all previous studies on this particular subject. Considering previous results, precautions including privacy settings, amount of sharing or not including children in these sharenting behavior are discussed in terms of protecting children’s privacy. In addition, it is emphasized that future cross-sectional /longitudinal and intervention studies with different parent groups are needed.
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