SCHIMBARE DE STATUT SOCIAL LA FEMEILE CONTEMPORANE DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA

Author(s): Aurelia Mihai / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2022

The article discusses the manifestation of the two sides of the social status of contemporary women from the Republic of Moldova: objective, reflecting the socioeconomic position, and subjective, focused on personal qualities. The study was carried out by applying a self-report questionnaire constructed by the author in order to identify changes in social status. The research group included 70 women: 25-44 years old - 55.7%, 45-62 years old - 44.3%. According to the opinion of the respondents, the subjective attributes of the social status are more important for the contemporary woman. Young women establish attributes with reference to personal qualities in the first half of the hierarchy, adult women equally value the subjective and objective side of social status.

COMPORTAMENTE ASOCIATE MOBBING-ULUI ÎN RELAȚIILE DINTRE ADOLESCENȚI

Author(s): Ovidiu Bican / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2022

The objective of the research presented in this article is to measure the incidence of different types of behaviors associated with mobbing in the relationships between teenagers. The main results reveal that the vast majority of teenagers surveyed declare a high presence of mobbing in their schools. According to the answers, in most cases, the bullies are the groups of boys who come from the same class or group of friends as the victim. When they are bullied, the majority of teenagers first try to resolve the conflict peacefully. Those who find out about the incident are mainly the colleagues of the victims, and they are also the ones who offer support to colleagues who are subjected to aggression. Regarding the research hypotheses, we noticed that there are differences between boys and girls regarding the status of being a victim of mobbing, but only for the physical forms.

Orașul Cahul în creația lui Andrei Ciurunga

Author(s): Iovu-Macari Elisaveta / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2022

Looking at the imagology of the city of Cahul, the literary work of Andrei Ciurunga, a formidable personality in the context of his era, is particularly relevant. We distinguish in his creation representative images both for the theme of the city in general and of Cahul in particular. The City of Cahul is the cradle of the most beautiful and sweet memories, patriarchal city, the small town linked to the memory of ruler Ioan Vodă cel Cumplit, our poor Cahul, the city of childhood and youth, bessarabian city, quiet city, stone city, where acacias cry, with its park, with the miraculous eagle, with a cinema in the center, with Goltman’s cool restaurant, with beautiful surroundings, with Galan’s confectionery, with the vineyards of the Vasiliev sisters, with his Stocking Factory, with beautiful spring weather, with good-hearted, hardworkig and happy people, with very beautiful girls, where you really feels at home. All of this brings together a rich and veritable collection of productive and reproductive images, which completes the imagology of the romanian moldavian from the southern part of the Republic of Moldova, contributing to the general heritage.

Psihičke posljedice pandemije COVID-19 kod studenata Univerziteta u Sarajevu

Author(s): Elvira Čekić,Dženana Husremović,Daniel Maleč,Aid Smajić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1-2/2022

The aim of the research is to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence and magnitude of mental health consequences among students at the University of Sarajevo, which manifest themselves in certain types and levels of psychological distress, as well as to examine various aspects of general mental functioning that are particularly important in an online learning and teaching environment. The research was conducted in July 2021 on a sample of 3439 students at the University of Sarajevo. The following measurement instruments were used: The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), a Stress Coping Strategies Inventory and a Sociodemographic Variables Questionnaire. The results have shown that depression, anxiety and stress were present among students at levels which require additional interventions. Symptoms are significantly more present among female students than among male students. The differences tested between students of distinct faculties indicate that arts students have the highest values of depression, followed by students studying humanities, while social sciences students show the lowest values. The results showed that positive coping with stress is a protective factor for the symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress, while negative coping style is a risk factor for students' mental health. The obtained results suggest that the pandemic has a significant psychological impact on students that require interventions in improving their mental health.

Cinsiyete göre ebeveynleşmenin farklı boyutları arasındaki ilişkiler ve ebeveynleştirme boyutlarının psikolojik belirtileri yordama düzeyi

Author(s): Sait Uluç,Duygu Köyden / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2022

Parentification, a kind of dysfunction in the family system, is defined as a role change between parent and child. Parentification phenomenon occurs when the child or adolescent is forced to take parental responsibilities inappropriately or earlier than the appropriate time. In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationships between the Turkish version of the Filial Responsibility Scale (FRS-A) and the Turkish version of the Parentification Scale (PI). The extent to which the scales predicted the psychological symptoms were evaluated separately. The sample of the study consisted of 197 college students (99 females and 98 males), aged between 19 and 23 (M = 21.10, SD = 1.38). Relationships between FRS and PI sub-dimensions were tested separately for women and men using Pearson's correlation analyses. The results of the analyses indicated that the relationships between the sub-dimensions of both scales were significant. Two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the predictive effects of the FRS-A and the PI on psychological symptoms. The results of the regression analysis indicated that the model based on the parentification type (FRS-A dimensions) estimated 22.3% of the variance of psychological symptoms. On the other hand, the model based on whom the parentification is intended for (PI dimensions) estimated 18% of the variance of psychological symptoms.

Przyczyny niepowodzeń w tworzeniu wypowiedzi narracyjnych w grupie dzieci z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu lekkim

Author(s): Urszula Jęczeń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2022

The paper discusses the problems of narrative from the developmental perspective and in logopedic examinations. It attempts to closely examine the causes of failures to produce nar­rative utterances in the group of people with mild intellectual disability. The starting point is the adopted assumption that the situation of an intellectually disabled person as an utter­ance producers is “exceptional”. Their linguistic behaviors take place in different conditions that can be outlined in most general terms as: fragmentary knowledge of reality, limitations connected with understanding phenomena and perceiving them through senses (percep­tion disorders). Children in this group not only acquire the knowledge of the surrounding reality more slowly but do so in a fragmentary way.

Kayınvalide Kayınpeder Kabul-Red Ölçeği/Kısa Formun Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması

Author(s): Büşra Aslan Cevheroğlu,Şennur Tutarel Kışlak,Gülen Say / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2022

The aim of the current study was to examine the reliability and validity of In-Law Acceptance Rejection Questionnaire/Short Form (ILARQ/SF) which is used to evaluate the perceived acceptance and rejection from spouse’ family in a normal population in Turkey. A total of 567 married individuals, 369 females (65.1%) and 169 (34.9%) males, aged between 18-66 (M = 35.36, SD = 8.64) participated in the study. In the study, demographic information form was used to obtain information about the participants, Personality Assessment Scale (PAQ) and its subscales were used to evaluate criterion-related validity and also In-Law Acceptance-Rejection Scale/Short Form (ILARQ/SF) was used. As suggested in other studies investigating the validity of interpersonal acceptance-rejection scales, the factor structure of the scale was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis in this study. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, it was found that the revised 4-factor model, which was obtained by loading the item 13 to warmth/affection factor instead of the indifference/neglect factor in the original form has acceptable fit index values. It was determined that the scale had good internal consistency and split half reliabilities, and the criterion related validity features also were supported. As a result, it can be evaluated that ILARQ/SF, Mother-in-law and Father-in-law forms, is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in various scientific studies and in clinical practice in Turkey.

Testing the efficacy of the Virtual Body Project in a sample of Turkish female university students using a randomized controlled trial

Author(s): Nice Ergut,Emrah Keser / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The current study aimed to test the efficacy of the Virtual Body Project (vBP) on self-esteem, eating disorder symptoms, the positive effect of body image on life quality, and psychological symptoms, using a randomized, placebo-controlled pretest-posttest experimental design. Turkish female university students between the ages of 18-25, who were not diagnosed with eating disorders and who had body dissatisfaction participated in the study. The intervention (vBP, N = 77) and placebo (Expressive Writing, N = 70) groups were determined using coin flipping for each participant method. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ), Body Image Quality of Life (BIQLI), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were administered to both groups in the pretest and posttest assessments. Forty participants in the intervention group and 33 participants in the placebo group completed the study. Four mixed design ANOVAs were conducted to evaluate the effect of the intervention on dependent variables. Besides, the analyses were repeated using an intention-to-treat analysis with multiple imputation method. Analyses showed that while the EDE-Q and BSI scores significantly decreased, the BIQLI and RSES scores significantly increased in the vBP group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference across time in the EW group. In conclusion, the present study supported that the Virtual Body Project had an effect on eating disorder symptoms, the positive influence of body image on quality of life, psychological symptoms, and self-esteem in female university students. It is thought that the Virtual Body Project can be considered a useful protocol for preventive mental health studies carried out with female university students in Turkey.

Bilgece Farkındalıkla Sürücülük Tutumları Ölçeği (BFSTÖ) Geliştirme: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Author(s): Yeşim Yasak,Ayşegül Durak Batıgün,Seda Hatipoğlu,Buse Aşçı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 24/2022

Traffic etiquette can be conceptualized as following the rules without fear of traffic control and punishment, acquiring unwritten behaviors that require mutual understanding in traffic, and making these behaviors a habit. It can be said that education, which is one of the elements that make up traffic safety, is one of the most important tools to shape "traffic etiquette". In this context, the General Directorate of Private Education Institutions of the Ministry of National Education added the "traffic etiquette" course to the Private Driving Courses Education Curriculum in 2015. There is no measurement tool for traffic etiquette in the related literature. The aim of the study is to develop a measurement tool that will enable us to obtain more detailed information about traffic etiquette, and to examine its validity and reliability values. For this purpose, a total of 55 statements that could be scale items were determined, taking into account the main topics covered in the book titled “Traffic Etiquette” and the relevant literature, previously written by Hatipoğlu and Yasak (2016), and these were adapted to Likert type scale format and sample was applied. As a result of the analysis, a four-factor scale (Basic Values, Empathy and Interpersonal Communication, Violations of Rights, and To Warn Each Other) consisting of 33 items was obtained. Cronbach's alpha values of the factors ranged between .60 and .89. In the study, Driver Anger Scale, Driver Behaviors Scale and Interpersonal Relationship Styles Scale were used as concurrent validity criteria. As a result of the correlation analysis, significant and expected relations were found between MDAS and these scales. When the analyzes are evaluated, it can be said that MDAS is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used in the fields of traffic psychology and training of driver candidates.

Aşılanmanın Psikolojik Öncülleri (5C) Ölçeği: Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Author(s): Başar Demir,Sıla Demir,Ata Cantürk Doğrul / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 24/2022

5C psychological antecedents of vaccination scale was developed by Betsch et al. (2018) based on prior models. The scale measures the psychological antecedents of vaccination refusal/hesitancy in five dimensions. Existing Turkish vaccination-related scales cover only a limited aspect of hesitancy/refusal. In this study, the 5C scale’s Turkish translation, validity, and reliability analyses were performed (N=1848). Confirmatory factor analysis resulted that the model was consistent with the data indicating construct validity, and Cronbach alpha values of each dimension varied between .71 and .82, indicating good reliability. Correlations of the 5C dimensions with variables that are suggested by Betsch et al. were examined to test the congruence validity. Vaccination intention was positively related to all five dimensions. Moreover, in line with theoretical expectations, the following associations were observed: confidence was positively related to trust in healthcare institutions and healthcare professionals; complacency was negatively related to perceived risk; constraint was negatively related to perceived behavioral control; calculation was positively related to information seeking; collective responsibility was positively related to COVID-19 related worry. We believe that the Turkish 5C scale will be a functional tool in monitoring vaccination in Turkey and a valuable contribution to the literature by enabling cross-cultural comparisons.

Dış Grup Tarafgirliği Olarak Kavramsallaştırılan Olguyu Sosyal Kimlik Kuramı Perspektifinden Açıklamak

Author(s): Nuri Akdoğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 24/2022

There are various findings showing that low social status (disadvantaged/minority) groups display a positive attitude towards high-status groups in certain situations where power and status differences are involved. System Justification Theorists claim that these findings reflect the phenomenon of out-group favoritism, and criticize Social Identity Theory (SIT) for failing to satisfactorily explain this phenomenon. The main purpose of this literature review is to compile the theoretical explanations and research findings produced in the context of SIT regarding the positive attitude of the low-status groups towards the high-status groups and to discuss them based on the motivation to maintain a positive social identity. In the literature review, four theoretical explanations and various findings supporting these explanations were reached. Two of these explanations are that those who positively evaluate the high-status group may either be those who follow the individual mobility strategy and define themselves based on the high-status group, or those who follow the superordinate re-categorization strategy, which includes uniting the high-status group with their group under a common in-group identity. Another explanation is that the members who accept the power/competence of the out-group in the dimension determining the status are those who put forward the alternative dimensions in which their group is more successful and who give more value to these dimensions in order to create a more positive identity perception compared to the outgroup. The fourth explanation points out that this tendency reflects a passive acceptance of social reality regarding the status system. There are findings in the literature supporting all four explanations. The explanations and findings point out that this tendency of low-status groups -even though it ensures the continuity of the existing system- does not conflict with the motivation of defending, protecting, and supporting ingroup identity.

Ötekiliği Kucaklamak: Mega-üst Kimlikler, Sosyal Kategorizasyon ve Gruplar Arası İlişkiler

Author(s): Zafer Güney Çağış / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 24/2022

The social categories that individuals are members of form important parts of their selves. Therefore, being a member of any group affects people's perceptions, motivations and attitudes. In addition, social group membership is closely associated with intergroup behavior and extreme forms of social conflict. Without any other reason, social categorizations are sufficient for important social issues such as prejudice, discrimination and intergroup conflict in modern intergroup relations. Especially in societies that differentiate based on a single primary social category such as ethnic identity or religion, membership in these groups causes negative consequences. However, inclusive identities can reduce negative intergroup relations based on categorization. For this reason, the main purpose of this study is contributed to the literature by bringing together mega-superordinate identities that have the effect of reducing negative intergroup relations based on social categorization. For this purpose, in the present study, the importance of social categorization in intergroup relations was emphasized and mega-superordinate identities such as "inclusive identity", "meta-personal self", "identification with all humanity", "quiet ego" and "ecological identity" were presented. The present study is the first study that these identities are discussed together. For this reason, it fills the relevant gap in the literature and provides resources for future studies. There are very few studies related to these identities in the Turkish sample. Therefore, examining the psychological factors associated with such inclusive identities in the Turkish sample would contribute to the relevant literature.

Göç Araştırmalarında Deneysel Vinyet Çalışmaları: Tasarımdan Uygulamaya Yöntemsel Konular

Author(s): Selen Göksal,Filiz Künüroğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 24/2022

Vignette studies have been increasingly popular in an array of social sciences. The vignette technique involves hypothetical descriptions or scenarios to investigate judgments or decision-making processes in various social topics. Currently, with the increase in migration studies, the need to discuss ethical methods and techniques in the field occured, and that brings about the widespread use of the vignette technique in migration studies. Despite the considerable interest that the vignette studies have received, the articles on the vignette technique have been scant in Turkish literature. The aim of this review is to explain the steps followed by researchers in experimental vignette studies and to discuss methodological issues that researchers should consider in each step. This study consists of three parts. In the first section, the vignette technique is described, and its general characteristics are explained. In the second section, the experimental vignette studies’ steps from designing to implementation are explained and the methodological issues in each step are discussed. Lastly, considering the critiques surrounding vignette studies, we conclude with methodological recommendations for further research. This study aims to guide researchers who plan to conduct vignette studies, shedding light into important methodological issues in experimental vignette studies in migration research.

Sosyal Psikoloji Perspektifinden Kolektif Eylemlere Katılmanın Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Derleme

Author(s): Zafer Özkan,Halime Ünver,Büşra Kızık,Ertuğrul Gazi Eraslan,Hüseyin Çakal / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 24/2022

Examination of collective action and its determinants, which have great social effects is important in terms of understanding and foreseeing such actions. The aim of this literature review is to provide a summary of the main and current discussions and research of collective action from the perspective of social psychology for publication in Turkish and provide knowledge for alternative research areas to students and researchers who want to work on collective action. Accordingly, this review is structured into six main sections. In the first part, the definition of collective action is presented, this definition is discussed, and a typology of collective action is introduced through a social psychological perspective. In the second part, four main motivations (identification with the group, efficacy beliefs, feelings of anger, and moral motivations) that determine participation in collective action are explained and these motivations are examined with the empirical findings that provide evidence for these phenomena. In addition, models that examine one or more of these motivational sources together (e.g., Social Identity Model of Collective Action) are introduced. In the third section, studies related to the sedative effect of intergroup contact on the intention of the disadvantaged group to participate in collective actions are mentioned. In the fourth section, the effect of intergroup contact on advantaged groups’ motivation to participate in solidarity-based collective action is discussed. In the fifth part, a summary of the studies examining the Gezi Park protests as a common example of collective actions in our country is presented. To conclude, existing models and perspectives on collective action are discussed, the research gap in the field is highlighted, and alternative research topics are suggested for future studies.

The Mediating Role of Humor Styles in the Relation between Early Maladaptive Schema Domains and the Severity of Depression Symptoms

Author(s): Kerim Selvi / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2022

This study aimed to explore the indirect associations of the early maladaptive schema domains with the severity of depression symptoms through humor styles (i.e., self-enhancing, affiliative, self-defeating, and aggressive humor styles) in Turkish culture. Data were collected from 373 university students via demographic information form and the Turkish versions of Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form-3, Humor Styles Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory. Using Hayes Macro, five separate mediation analyses were performed for testing the indirect associations, one for each schema domain. The results generally revealed that humor styles partially mediated the relationships between the schema domains and depression symptoms. Particularly, self-defeating humor style was found to be the most consistent mediator between the relationship the early maladaptive schema domains with the severity of depression symptoms. Also, the findings showed for the first time that aggressive style (partially) mediated the relations between some of the schema domains and depression symptoms and was negatively associated with these symptoms. Moving from these findings, it can be suggested that humor styles may serve as coping strategies for early maladaptive schemas. Thus, measuring and addressing humor styles in the treatment of depression symptoms may be beneficial in increasing the effectiveness of treatments. In addition, the current finding on aggressive humor style suggests that there may be cultural differences in the use of humor. However, crosscultural studies are needed to conclude that cultural factors change the mediating role of humor styles in the relationship between schema domains and depression symptoms.

Ölüm Belirginliğinin ve Kovid-19 Korkusunun Kovid-19 Aşısı Karşıtlığına Etkisi: Yarı Deneysel Bir Çalışma

Author(s): Hacer Harlak,Pınar Elmas,Güzin Eyiol,Sude Mert,Şura Öner / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 25/2022

Vaccinations against COVID-19 continue for more than one year. However, some people hold negative attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. The present study aims to examine how the attitudes against the COVID-19 vaccine are affected by the death salience and fear of COVID-19. Following this aim quasi-experimental research was conducted by utilizing death salience manipulation based on the Terror Management Theory. 288 people participated in the study, 146 people (77% women, 23% men) in the experimental condition, and 142 (73% women, 27% men) in the control condition. Data were collected online with a questionnaire consisting of the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS), Fear of Covid-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the Emotion Checklist (EC) in the pre-test, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Socio-demographics beside VHS in post-test. The results of the statistical analyses comparing the pre- and post-tests revealed a significant decrease in the VHS-total and subscale scores excepting “vaccine hesitancy” following death salience manipulation in the experimental condition. However, there were statistically significant decreases in the VHS-total and “vaccine repugnance” subscale scores in the control condition. The findings of the study revealed that anti-vaccination attitudes have been affected by death salience. The results of the study supported the explanations of Terror Management Theory by showing that the increase in fear affects attitude change, especially when the strength of the attitude is weak.

Ebeveyn Amaçları ve Çocuğun Uyumu Arasındaki İlişkide Ebeveynlerin Olumlu Duygu Sosyalleştirme Yöntemlerinin Aracı Rolü

Author(s): Güleycan Akgöz Aktaş,Gamze Er Vargün / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 25/2022

It is known that parenting practices play a critical role in children's social development. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of parents’ positive emotional socialization strategies in the relationship between parental goals and children’s prosocial and aggressive behaviors. For this purpose, the study was conducted with mothers of 231 children between the ages of 4 and 7 years. The mothers were asked to complete the Demographic Information Form, Parental Goals Scale, the Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale, Ladd and Profilet Child Behavior Scale, and finally the Strength - Difficulties Questionnaire in this study. The results of the mediation analysis conducted with structural equation modeling showed that positive emotional socialization of the parents fully mediated the relationship between parental goals and children's prosocial and aggressive behaviors. Parental goals positively predicted the positive emotional socialization strategies of the parents and parents' positive emotional socialization strategies predicted the child's prosocial behavior positively, while negatively predicting the aggressive behavior of the child. These results emphasize the importance of mothers' child-rearing goals and the positive emotional socialization strategies they use for the early psychosocial adjustment of children.

Gönüllü Bekarlara Yönelik Kalıpyargılar Ölçeği: Ölçek Geliştirme, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Author(s): Burçak Sönmez,Adem Kantar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 25/2022

This study aims to develop a valid and reliable tool that measures stereotypes toward single people. To this end, in the first stage of the study, we conducted a qualitative study with 102 participants (M = 24.32, SD = 3.41) to reveal how individuals who prefer to remain single are perceived in society. Together with the findings of this qualitative study, we created the first form of the scale. We examined the scale's construct validity by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis performed with a sample of 358 participants (M = .29; SD = 7.92), we found that the scale had a single factor structure consisting of 15 items explaining 56.5% of the total variance. This scale structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis with another study group of 406 participants (M = 28.72, SD = 7.93). We tested the criterion-related validity of the scale with the Inönü Marriage Attitude Scale. The correlation coefficient calculated between the scores from the two scales was .40. The scale's reliability was examined using Cronbach's Alpha analysis and split-half test. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the scale was .95. The correlation between the two halves of the test is .87. These findings provide evidence that the stereotypes scale for voluntary singles is a valid and reliable.

Trauma and Community

Author(s): Katarina Možina / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2021

This article presents an example of trauma recovery and post-traumatic growth in the story of three generations of a family that lost five sons in World War II and post-war mass killings, experienced the imprisonment of one son and the emigration of two daughters, expropriation of their possessions, and postwar communist harassment. With the help of the village community, the connection between family members, and because of their inherent faith, the pain of trauma has been transformed through three generations into national awareness, courage, emotional vulnerability, and creativity. In Slovenia, there are a few examples of villages that resisted partisan violence against the population and held out against the communist revolution but paid for it with several people who were killed, abducted, or imprisoned. These villages became a source of national consciousness and political social activity and strongly supported Slovenia in 1990 in the process of gaining independence from Yugoslavia. In most of these villages, affiliation with the Roman Catholic Church, the connection between the village community, and the connection between the younger generations and the older ones are also strong. We will present the stories of three women, a grandmother, a mother, and a daughter, and through their narration illustrate the process of moving from PTSD to post-traumatic growth.

Zašto nam je toliko teško da se složimo ili o jahačima slonova i devedesetoprocentnim šimpanzama

Author(s): Zoran Pavlović M. / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022