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Ergen Seslerinde Ses Değişimi Ve Eğitimi

Author(s): Serkan Otacioğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 01/2017

Voice changes of puberty for highly-age children voice education in future years in terms of speaking and success in singing and an important issue that requires attention. A lot of work is focused on these issues in the world. However, more work needs to be done on an issue in our country. It is that the effect is greater in future years of changes and mutations during children's voices. For this reason, due to mutations symptoms and stages of examining adolescent children premutations, mutations and postmutations that kind of a sound education should take and examined the training received in the ready state of children that age, examining the experienced problems and discussions to provide solutions and subject aimed to contributed.

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AMEN. FİLMİNDEKİ RICCARDO FONTANA KARAKTERİNİN KOHLBERG’İN AHLÂK GELİŞİM EVRELERİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Author(s): Fatma SARIASLAN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 8/2016

This study aims to analyze Riccardo Fontana, one of the main characters of the movie “Amen.” directed by Constantin Costa-Gavras in 2002, in terms of Kohlberg’s moral development stages. At the center of the movie lies the efforts of the SS officer Kurt Gerstein, posted in the army, and Ricardo Fontana, in the service of the church, to announce the holocaust policy of Hitler to the world. The movie gives a conspicuous voice to how the two main characters inexhaustibly struggled to resist the holocaust policy and what they did to announce this fact to the world and also how they strove to prioritize their faith of ethics over the drive to self protection. An SS officer, Kurt Gerstein constantly condemns the crimes, warns the allies, the Pope and the church of Germany but at the same time provides the Zyklon B gas used in camps. Ricardo Fontana, a Jesuit in the service of the church, is a reverend who aims to break the silence in the Vatican, which has kept its silence against the entire holocaust. And here in this article will the reader find an evaluation of the character named Ricardo Fontana in terms of Kohlberg’s moral development stages.

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Geçmişin Mirası ve Geleceğin Haritası: Erken Dönem Uyumsuz Şemalar

Author(s): Nağme Gör,İbrahim Yiğit,Burcu Kömürcü,İpek Şenkal Ertürk / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 10/2017

Schema theory, innovative-integrative approach based on traditional cognitive-behavioral theory and practice, suggests that early maladaptive schemas are developed as a result of unmet emotional needs and negative experiences in childhood, and individuals organize their lives on the basis of these schemas. Early maladaptive schemas could be thought as cognitive structures shaped by early life experiences and inherited from the past, providing a roadmap for future experiences. Considering dysfunctional nature of early maladaptive schemas in adulthood, it is very crucial to determine how these cognitive schemas are developed in childhood. In this review, research on attachment styles and temperament, parenting styles, and childhood maltreatment experiences, which play a role in the formation of early maladaptive schemas, were reviewed and findings of the research were discussed in terms of theory and practice. Taken together, with schema therapy that provides opportunities to change early maladaptive schemas, we can reconsider the past, make the present healthier and protect the future.

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Çocukluktaki Ebeveynleşme Yaşantılarının Özellikleri ve Birey Üzerindeki Etkileri

Author(s): Ebru Akün / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 10/2017

Parentification is a parent-child interaction pattern in which the child tries to meet the physical and/or emotional needs of the parent by assuming roles and responsibilities that are inappropriate for the child's developmental level. In this review, it was aimed to evaluate the characteristics of parentification and its effects on the individual within the framework of theoretical approaches and research findings. Firstly, the theoretical approaches explaining the definition and types of parentification are introduced. Secondly, risk factors are defined by considering the family patterns which are frequently seen. Thirdly, the positive and negative effects of parentification on children, adolescents and adults, and the variables mediating and moderating these effects were evaluated within the framework of research findings. Lastly, Finally, recommendations to mental health professionals working with parentified children, adolescents and adults were evaluated.

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Cinsel İçerikli Yayınların Ergenler Üzerindeki Etkileri ve Bazı Müdahale Yöntemleri

Author(s): Bağdat Deniz Kaynak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 10/2017

Adolescents spend most of their time with media. Media broadcasts such as television, movies, internet and music clips frequently include some degree of sexually explicit content. Exposure to these kind of sexual content in media may lead to early sexual intercourse, risky sexual behavior, adolescent pregnancy, alcohol and cigarette consumption, stereotypes about sexuality, acceptance of rape myths and the increase of positive expectancies about sexuality. There are several intervention methods to prevent adolescents from these negative effects. Some of these methods are parental mediation, use of media-rating systems, and media literacy education. Studies show that restrictive parental mediation prevents adolescents from the negative effects of sexual content in media to some degree. Media-rating systems seem useful for the parents but they may lead to forbidden fruit effect on adolescents. However, media literacy education on sexual content in media has a very clear and positive effect in the prevention. Adolescents in Turkey may also be exposed to sexually explicit content through various ways like internet or television. When this situation is considered, presenting information about the effects of sexually explicit content in media and some intervention methods about it may be beneficial. With this review, it is expected to present some information and recommendations to the politicians, parents and researchers.

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Gruplar Arası İlişkileri Düzenlemede Sosyal Temas Kuramları: Gruplar Arası, Yayılmacı ve Hayali Temas

Author(s): Sanem Küçükkömürler,Nuray Sakallı-Uğurlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 09/2017

Social contact theories present strategies to regulate intergroup relations. These theories started with social contact hypothesis proposed by Allport (1954) and continued with extended contact and imagined contact theories to provide appropriate contact solutions for different contexts. The aim of the current paper is to prepare a source in Turkish by reviewing articles related with intergroup contact theory which is one of the oldest theories in psychology literature, and extended contact and imagined contact theories which were proposed based on intergroup contact theory. There are four parts in the paper. The first part includes historical progress in intergroup contact theory and findings of studies related with impact of and the processes in intergroup contact theory. In this part, there are two additional subtitles. These subtitles contain proposals and related findings in social contact hypothesis of Allport (1954) and in intergroup contact theory of Pettigrew (1998). In the second and third parts, findings and hypotheses in extended contact theory and imagined contact theories were demonstrated respectively. Lastly in the fourth part, studies and their findings conducted in Turkey are presented.

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3-4 Yaş Çocuklarında Zihin Kuramı ve Kendini Düzenleme Becerisinin Yardım Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkisi

Author(s): Muhammed Şükrü Aydın,Sema Karakelle / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 08/2016

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of theory of mind and self-regulation skills on children’s helping behavior. Total of 104 children aging between 36-59 months, participated in the study. Helping behavior was measured with an instrumental helping task. Scaling of Theory-of-Mind tasks were used in measuring theory of mind. As for measuring self-regulation, peg tapping task were used. In order to control receptive language abilities of children, Turkish Expressive and Receptive Language Test (TIFALDI) was applied. Results of the analyses indicated that there were significant relations between theory of mind and self-regulation skills and helping behavior, however, multiple regression analyses showed that the main predictor of helping behavior was theory of mind, but not self-regulation skills after controlling for age and receptive language. Results were discussed with respect to the literature, in relation to the role of theory of mind and self-regulation skills in explaining helping behavior.

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Özgecilik Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalişmasi

Author(s): Burcu Tekeş,Derya Hasta / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 06/2015

The aim of the study was to investigate reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Altruism Scale. Data was collected from 94 women (%33.3) and 188 (%66.7) a total number of 282 participants via a web-based online questionnaire software, www.surveey.com. Participants completed Altruism Scale, Empathic Tendency Scale (Dokmen, 1988) and Demographic Information Form. According to exploratory factor analysis results, it was decided to use two sub-scales as helping and philanthropy which explain 35.58% of total variance. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFQ) with a new sample of 356 participants showed that this two factor structure is appropriate. Also, the correlation between Altruism Scale and Empathic Tendency Scale was examined to check external validity and it found as .36. Internal consistency coefficients, test-retest reliability correlations and split-half correlation coefficients were also calculated to check the reliability of the scale. The Cronbach’s alpha value of the helping and philanthropy sub-scales were found as .81 and .70. Split-half correlation coefficients was found as .74 and test-retest reliability was found as .83. In the regards of this information, Altruism Scale was found to have essential reliability and validity to use in Turkish sample.

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Family emotional expressiveness and family structure

Author(s): Sonja Čotar Konrad / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

The present paper scrutinizes the relationship between family emotional expressiveness (i.e., the tendency to express dominant and/or submissive positive and negative emotions) and components of family structure as proposed in Olson’s Circumplex model (i.e., cohesion and flexibility, family communication, and satisfaction) in families with adolescents. The study was conducted on a sample of 514 Slovenian adolescents, who filled out two questionnaires: the Slovenian version of Family Emotional Expressiveness – FEQ and FACES IV. The results revealed that all four basic dimensions of family functioning were significantly associated with higher/more frequent expressions of positive submissive emotions, as well as with lower/less frequent expressions of negative dominant emotions. Moreover, expressions of negative submissive emotions explained a small, but significant amount of variance in three out of four family functioning variables (satisfaction, flexibility, and communication). The importance of particular aspects of emotional expressiveness for family cohesion, flexibility, communication, and satisfaction is discussed, and the relevance of present findings for family counselling is outlined.

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Attachment to parents and friends as a context for development of self-concept in adolescence: The personality traits as mediators

Author(s): Ksenija Krstić / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

The aim of the research is to study developmental relations between attachment to mother, father and friends and dimensions of adolescents’ self-concept. More specifically, we examine if this relation is direct or mediated by some personality construct. A sample of 878 students (13 and 16 years old) from Belgrade urban lower secondary and upper secondary schools participated in this research. Participants completed ECR for mother, father and friend; Self-perception profile for adolescents and NEOFFI. The results have indicated that dimensions of attachment are correlated with dimensions of self-concept, and that they can explain 13% of variance in dimensions of self-concept. When the personality traits are introduced as mediators, attachment dimensions explain only 4.5% of variance in self-concept. The quality of attachment relations with parents is not related to adolescents’ self-concept, while attachment to friends is correlated with social dimensions of self-concept. Hence, this study suggests that adolescents with particular parental attachment styles differ according to their self-concept profiles, but that peer attachment is important for adolescents’ social self. Beside that, this study reveals significant gender differences: relation between parental and peer attachment and adolescents’ self-concepts is not the same for boys and girls.

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Validation of the Serbian adaptation of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Child Form (TEIQue-CF)

Author(s): Sonja Banjac,Laura Hull,K. V. Petrides,Stella Mavroveli / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

This study investigated trait EI in childhood in a Serbian population by validating a Serbian adaptation of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – Child Form (TEIQue-CF). All 606 participants (Mage = 10.33, SD = 1.55) completed the TEIQue-CF, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (revised version), and the Guess Who peer assessment. Data on academic achievement and truancy were also obtained. The Serbian TEIQue-CF demonstrated robust psychometric properties with satisfactory internal consistencies and extensive evidence of validity in relation to criteria such as emotion recognition, academic grades, truancy rates, and peer ratings. Factor analyses suggested a two-factor solution for the total sample, but a unifactorial structure for the two groups of younger children aged 8 to 9 and 10 to 11. Overall, the results corroborate the validity of the Serbian adaptation and the theoretical and practical importance of the construct of trait EI in children.

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Parent – adolescent conflict style and conflict outcome: Age and gender differences

Author(s): Sonja Čotar Konrad / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

The present paper focuses on age and gender differences in parent – adolescent conflict styles (compromise and aggressive) and conflict outcomes (frustration, escalation and intimacy). Data were gathered by the Slovenian version of the ‘When we disagree’ scale, which was completed by 514 adolescents (54% female; 14 – 19 years old, split into two age groups). Results revealed significant differences between the adolescents’ perceptions of their own conflict style, and their mother/father conflict styles. Mothers were more often perceived to have either more aggressive or more compromising conflict styles in comparison to adolescents’ own stiles or fathers’ styles. Analyzing adolescents’ age differences, middle aged adolescents reported higher level of mother’s aggressiveness, higher levels of frustration and escalation in conflicts with mothers, as well as higher frustration in conflicts with fathers in comparison to their younger peers. Gender differences in style and outcome of conflicts revealed a more complex pattern: girls exhibited more compromising conflict style with mother and more aggressive conflict style with fathers than boys; there were no gender differences in parent – adolescent conflict outcomes. The established differences could inform policies, and help tailoring conflict resolution programs for this specific age group.

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Age differences in the Irrelevant Sound Effect: A Serial Recognition Paradigm

Author(s): Helene Schwarz,Sabine Schlittmeier,Annette Otto,Malte Persike,Maria Klatte,Margarete Imhof,Bozana Meinhardt-Injac / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

In adults, the disrupting effect of irrelevant background sounds with distinct temporal-spectral variations (changing-state sounds) on short-term memory performance was found to be robust. In the present study, a verbal serial recognition task was used to investigate this so-called Irrelevant Sound Effect (ISE) in adults and 8– to 10-year-old children. An essential part of the short-term memory impairment during changing-state speech is due to interference processes (changing-state effect) which can be differentiated from the deviation effect of auditory distraction. In line with recent findings (Hughes et al., 2013), our study demonstrates that the changing-state effect is not modulated by task difficulty. Moreover, our results show that the changing-state effect remains stable for children and adults. This suggests that the differences in the magnitude of the ISE as reported by Elliott (2002) and Klatte et al. (2010) are most likely related to the increase in attentional control during childhood.

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Perception of attachment security in families with children affected by neurological illness

Author(s): Viviana Langher,Giuseppe Scurci,Giuseppe Tolve,Andrea Caputo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

This study analyzes inter-family relationships of families with children with neurological problems using Bowlby’s attachment theory as model of reference. The research was conducted in two hospitals in Serbia specialized in neurological diseases: cerebral palsy and epilepsy. It is hypothesized that neurological problems could be associated to a discrepancy of inter-family attachment perceptions. Two groups were selected, a clinical one composed of 25 nuclear families: mother, father and child with a certified diagnosis of either cerebral palsy or epilepsy; and a control group of 25 nuclear families: mother, father and child with no pathology. Kerns, Klepac and Cole’s Security Scale (1996) was used for the investigation, with the addition of two modified version for administration to the parents. Data analysis demonstrated that the clinical group is substantively higher (p=.076) with respect to the discrepancy of attachment perceived by the children and the attribution of meaning that parents give to their child’s attachment perception towards them. Further analyses carried out on parent-child relationships demonstrated a significant difference (p =.017) between the clinical and control groups, with respect to the perception of father-child attachment. We conclude that in the clinical group, there is a discrepancy of attachment perceptions that particularly affects the father-child relationship. It appears that hospitalization and the consequent separation of the nuclear families may influence the formation of secure attachment relationships, in particular between father and child.

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Susceptibility to peer pressure and attachment to friends

Author(s): Martina Lotar-Rihtarić,Željka Kamenov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

The role of attachment to friends in the explanation of adolescents’ susceptibility to peer pressure was explored, regarding the way these two constructs are measured. In Study 1, 475 high school students (194 boys and 281 girls) were given Susceptibility to Peer Pressure Questionnaire, and their attachment to friends was measured with Modified Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory and Relationship Scales Questionnaire. One month later, 80 boys and 80 girls participated in Study 2, where they completed the same Susceptibility to Peer Pressure Questionnaire in a chat-room simulation, convinced that they can see other students’ answers and that their own answers could be seen by others. When susceptibility to peer pressure was measured by self-report questionnaire, the level of avoidance proved to be a significant predictor for boys, while the level of anxiety and the model of others were significant predictors for girls. When susceptibility to peer pressure was measured experimentally, the results showed that attachment dimensions predict only girls’ susceptibility and that the only significant predictor is their model of others.

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Parallel Serbian Versions of BLOT Test: An Empirical Examination

Author(s): Ivana Stepanović-Ilić,Aleksandar Baucal,Trevor G. Bond / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2012

Logical Operations Test (BLOT) was developed for assessing the transition to formal operational thinking. BLOT is a 35 item multiple-choice test which examines all of the operations which comprise the logico-mathematical structure of formal operations in Piaget’s theory. The test was translated into Serbian and used in previously reported research. This work deals with two additional parallel versions of the Serbian BLOT. For each original BLOT item two more parallel items have been constructed by changing the item content and leaving the logical structure of the item the same. Sample consisted of 517 primary and secondary school students. Rasch analysis confirmed that the vast majority of items maintained invariance across at least two test versions: for 19 original items both parallel items maintained their invariance, for 14 items one of the parallel items had similar parameters and only 2 items did not remain invariant in the parallel tests.

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Izvori stresa i načini prevladavanja stresa kod adolescenata: jesu li bure i oluje mit ili realnost?

Author(s): Marija Zotović Kostić,Jelica Petrović,Nebojša Majstorović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2012

The study was aimed to address three research questions: (1) what are most common stressful events and how adolescents subjectively rate their severeness, (2) how adolescents cope with stress events, and (3) are there any differences in coping in relation to the intensity of stress events experienced by adolescents. The study was conducted on the sample of 1504 adolescents from Vojvodina, age from 15 to 21. Participants were asked to fill out a general demographic profile questionnaire, Stressful experience scale, and A-COPE coping inventory. The results indicated a set of most stressful events experienced by adolescents. Seeking support from friends and avoidant behaviour were the most frequent coping mechanisms reported by participants. It was also established that among adolescents with higher level of stress, emotion focused strategies were used more often than among adolescents that were exposed to less stressful events. The results were discussed within the framework of existing theories and previous empirical findings.

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Predicting early academic achievement: The role of higher-versus lower-order personality traits

Author(s): Maja Zupančič,Tina Kavčič / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2011

The study explored the role of children’s (N = 193) individual differences and parental characteristics at the beginning of the first year of schooling in predicting students’ attainment of academic standards at the end of the year. Special attention was paid to children’s personality as perceived by the teachers’ assistants. Along with parents’ education, parenting practices and first-graders’ cognitive ability, the incremental predictive power of children’s higher-order (robust) personality traits was compared to the contribution of lower-order (specific) traits in explaining academic achievement. The specific traits provided a somewhat more accurate prediction than the robust traits. Unique contributions of maternal authoritative parenting, children’s cognitive ability, and personality to academic achievement were established. The ratings of first-graders’ conscientiousness (a higher-order trait) improved the prediction of academic achievement based on parenting and cognitive ability by 12%, whereas assistant teacher’s perceived children’s intelligence and low antagonism (lower-order traits) improved the prediction by 17%.

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Family and Individual Factors of Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents

Author(s): Jelena Srdanović-Maraš,Olja Dukić,Jasminka Marković,Mikloš Biro / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2011

The aim of this study was to better understand the phenomenon of suicidal behavior of adolescents by establishing relations between characteristics of a family system and suicidal ideation, as well as determining the influence of family and individual factors on suicidal ideation in adolescents. The systemic family therapy was used as the theoretical framework for this investigation. The study sample included 96 adolescents, aged 14–21 years, who assessed the functionality of their own families that were in the adolescent phase of a family life cycle at the time of the study. Participants were assigned to one of the three groups: the first consisted of adolescents who had previously attempted suicide, the second of adolescents who had another psychiatric problem at the time of the study, and the third was made up of adolescents who had never had psychiatric or psychological problems. The following instruments were used: Self-report Family Inventory (SFI), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, and Beck’s Suicidal Ideation Scale (SIS). The results suggest that family has a significant, but indirect influence on suicidal ideation in adolescents. Suicidal ideation is primarily related to adolescents’ individual characteristics, which are indeed strongly influenced by family functionality.

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Delovanje komponenti afektivne vezanosti na razvoj formalno-operacionalnog mišljenja

Author(s): Branimir Vukčević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2010

In this work our aim is to examine how the components of attachment influence the thinking development of adolescents in familial context. We investigated the components of attachment: unresolved family traumatisation, the use of external security base, fear of loss of external security base, negative self concept, negative other concept, capacity for mentalisation, low control of anger. We used a revised Questionnaire for Assessment of Adult and Adolescent Attachment (in original: UPIPAV-R). Formal operations were tested by Bond’s Logical Operations Test. We examined the cultural-pedagogical status of the family, the parental mediation characteristic for the development of formal operations, and family property as the aspects of familial context. The sample consisted of 200 pupils aged 14 to 19. According to the attachment theory, secure attachment provides the feel of security in environment exploration, which is the ground of personality development. We assumed that components of attachment contribute formal-operational thinking development and change the influence of familial cultural-supportive tools. The findings show us that the cultural-pedagogical status of the family improves formal operations development and unresolved family traumatisation has negative influence. Capacity for mentalisation has a positive indirect effect on thinking development through the influence of the cultural-pedagogical status of the family. The low control of anger has a negative indirect effect on thinking development; it increases the influence of unresolved family traumatisation. Negative self concept has indirect effects on thinking development through increasing this negative influence of unresolved family traumatisation and decreasing the role of familial cultural-supportive tools.

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