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Experienced stress and coping strategies in the context of adolescent social relationships

Author(s): Jan Mareš,Lenka Lacinová,Jan Širůček / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Family environment is a crucial factor playing a major role in the development and adaptation of children and adolescents. There are numerous theoretical approaches in developmental psychology and developmental psychopathology where by the mechanismof the impact of family processes on the child can be explained. Apart from the general ones, which can be represented e.g. by the ecological model of development by U. Bronfenbrenner (1977), defining the micro-system as a network of close interpersonal relationships and the importance of proximal interactions for individual‟s development, the examined mechanism of mutual interactions of children (adolescents) and their immediate environment can be captured as the effect of particular variables representing the influences of family environment, such as interparental conflict.

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Cesty k nezávislosti: Jak se vyvíjí autonomie s identitou

Author(s): Stanislav Ježek,Petr Macek,Ondřej Bouša / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Dospělost je v mnoha ohledech spjata se schopností samostatně se rozhodovat, spolehnout se na sebe a svůj úsudek, s přijetím zodpovědnosti za své chování, rozhodnutí, postoje a přesvědčení. Trochu nadneseně řečeno, být dospělý znamená přijmout autorství vlastních činů, činit důležitá rozhodnutí, z nichž některá mají celoživotní dopad, a přijímat zodpovědnosti a závazky, které z nich vyplývají. Z jiného úhlu pohledu to také znamená uvažovat o sobě samém a o svém životě v dlouhodobější perspektivě, mít své osobní plány a cíle — co považuji ve svém životě za důležité a k čemu chci směřovat. Z pohledu vývojové psychologie se tu propojují dvě ústřední témata (či vývojové úkoly), které vstup do dospělosti definují: téma autonomie a identity.

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Rodiče a jejich (ne)dospělé děti: Jak vypadají vztahy a život v rodinách s dvacátníky?

Author(s): Petr Macek,Lucie Lomičová,Lenka Lacinová,Ivana Dvořáková,Tomotaka Umemura / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Vztahy s rodiči a vztahy v rodině mají pro mladé lidi nepochybně zásadní vliv na cestu do jejich vlastní dospělosti. Jedná se přitom jak o aktuální vztahy v období vynořující se dospělosti, tak rovněž o dlouhodobou zkušenost z předchozího vývoje. Rodiče bývají obvykle těmi nej bližšími lidmi, od nichž se už od prvních let života dítě bezděčně i záměrně učí, jak se dospělý člověk chová, jaké na sebe bere role, za co si bere zodpovědnost, jaké normy a hodnoty jsou v jeho životě důležité, co činí dospělého šťastným a spokojeným či naopak nešťastným a zklamaným. Přes zjevnou důležitost rodičů se jim jejich dospívající děti na cestě do dospělosti na určitou dobu pocitově a mentálně spíše vzdalují, ve snaze nalézt a naplnit svou novou identitu jako dospělého člověka. Tento proces vnějšího a vnitřního odpoutávání od rodičů však neznamená ztrátu vztahů, respektive snížení hodnoty či kvality vztahů s nimi.

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Partnerské vztahy a vynořující se dospělost: Na zkoušku, či naostro?

Author(s): Lenka Lacinová,Tomotaka Umemura,Ondřej Bouša,Jan Širůček,Radka Neužilová Michalčáková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Partnerské vztahy patří svým významem mezi zásadní témata řešená mladými lidmi. Důležitost tématu je nesporná, neboť partnerská zkušenost má signifikantní a dlouhodobý dopad na individuální vývoj (Gala & Kapadia, 2013). Koncept vynořující se dospělosti pokládají Meier a Allen (2008) za výhodnou perspektivu, s jejíž pomocí lze podobě a vývoji partnerských vztahů v období třetí dekády lidského života v současnosti lépe porozumět. Skutečnost, že oproti minulosti mají mladí lidé více prostoru, času a společenského souhlasu ke vstupu do vyššího počtu partnerských vztahů, může být chápána jako jeden z aspektů charakteristik vynořující se dospělosti — období zaměřeného na sebe (setf-focused) a období prohlubujícího exploraci vlastní identity (identity exploration). Zdá se tedy, že bohatší partnerské zkušenosti mohou napomáhat při exploraci emocionální a fyzické intimity.

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NEGATIVE EMOTIONAL STATES AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTSTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER

Author(s): Mira Spremo,Tatjana Marković,Nada Vaselić,Slobodan Spremo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders is constantly increasing. Considering the lack of institutionalized support for guardians, it has been noticed that parents of children with ASD more often experience negative emotional states, such as depression, anxiety and stress, and perceive their quality of life to be lower than the parents of typically developing children. The aim of our research was to compare the level of depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life in parents of children with ASD and parents of children without developmental difficulties. The research was quantitative, a socio-demographic questionnaire was used, as well as DASS-21 and WHOQOL scales. There were 78 participants, of which 39 parents of children with ASD (members of „Djeca svjetlosti“ Banja Luka and EDUS Sarajevo), and 39 parents of children without developmental difficulties. F-test was used for comparison of results in the depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life scales between the two groups. It was found that there were statistically significant differences in the level of depression (F=3.72, p<.01), anxiety (F=4.51, p<.01) and stress (F=3.47, p<.01), in a way that negative emotion levels were higher in parents of children with autistic spectrum disorder. As far as the perceived quality of life is concerned, the only statistically significant difference was found in the domain of psychological health (F=-3.22, p<.01), in the way that the parents of typically developing children had higher level of perceived satisfaction in this domain.

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SUPRADOTAREA DIN PERSPECTIVA DEZVOLTĂRII. Atitudini și aptitudini pentru a deveni mai creativ

Author(s): Marinela Rusu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Creativity is a complex process with deep sources in the individual consciousness. This fascinating, human-specific process has been approached over time from several perspectives. In the first part of the paper we will describe the main theoretical approaches in the field of creativity, defining the concepts of "gifted", "talented", gifted. Among the most important concepts on giftedness that we will analyze, we mention: general models specific to the field, systemic models, contextual model and development model, through which specific concepts were redefined, which also led to the realization of psychometric tools. necessary for the scientific confirmation, through empirical data of the theses theoretically described. The development perspective emphasizes the idea of the possibility that some special qualities or intellectual qualities that the individual has from birth to be amplified to excellence by their contextual modeling, in the school, social or family environment. The analysis of the Model of the five facets of the creative process, proposed by Annette Moser-Wellman (2001) is part of a development perspective, in which, through individual effort, self-control and perseverance, a high level of creativity can be achieved. These new attitudes and skills refer to the ability to visualize, to develop and maintain an ever-awake curiosity, to transform mistakes into opportunities to discover and understand other levels of reality, to use past experience, analogy, imitation in a new pattern, relaxation and introspection, immersion in the beautiful aspects of the world, and the use of wise thinking, defined by simplicity. Finally, creativity is a process in which both innate qualities (endowment) and context (educational, social and historical) are involved, which define, meet, and support the manifestation and creative productivity of the individual. Additional means of individual development will always facilitate creativity and amplify it.

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Tvůrčí psaní a literární výchova

Author(s): Zbyněk Fišer / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Tvořivost chapeme jako aktivitu, jejimž vysledkem je originalni, společensky přinosny, hodnotny produkt. Produkt tvůrči činnosti – předmětne či mentalni povahy –, kteryslouži egoistickym, podmanitelskym, nehumannim cilům a na ukor druheho člověka, je moralně pochybeny a eticky nepřijatelny. Humanně jednajici tvůrce využiva svou kreativitu k tvořeni pozitivnich vystupů. Ma zodpovědnost za svůj tvůrči produkt. – Ihned se nam vybavi namitka, že přece mnoho vynalezů je zneuživano pro agresivni, manipulativni, uzurpatorske cile. Tvůrce mnohdy jen vložil svou vynalezavost a fantazii do služeb někoho, kdo mu za vynalezani, objevovani a tvořeni zaplatil. Neni vinou tvůrce, ktery tvoři dle vlastniho nadani a vědomi co nejlepši pozitivni produkt, že jeho dilo je zneužito k destruktivnim učelům. – Neni to ani vina kreativni vychovy. Je ovšem povinnosti teoretika a učitele kreativni vychovy upozornit žaka, studenta, tvůrce na zodpovědnost za svou tvůrči činnost. Učitel má naučit žáka vytvářet pozitivně vnímatelné a eticky pozitivně hodnocené produkty.

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Tvůrčí psaní jako cesta k tvořivé pedagogické komunikaci

Author(s): Zuzana Šalamounová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Tato kapitola se nejprve věnuje komunikaci specificke pro prostředi školy: komunikaci mezi učiteli a jejich žaky. Pravě prostřednictvim zobrazeni komunikace ve vyuce literarni vychovy se nam totiž odkryje prostor, ktery komunikačni uspořadani otevira žakovskemu tvořivemu myšleni. V druhe časti teto kapitoly se pak pokusime přibližit, jakym způsobem lze v ramci komunikace, jež nabizi prostor pro žakovske tvořive myšleni, uplatnit postupy tvůrčiho psani a jakych vysledků lze jejich prostřednictvim dosahnout.

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Zprostředkování umění v galeriích dětem předškolního věku

Author(s): Magda Strouhalová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Zprostředkování umění v galerii přináší možnost nahlédnout do fantastického dětského světa skrze výtvarné umění. Budeme se snažit nalézt odpovědi na stěžejní otázky týkající se zprostředkování umění. Jak se edukační program tvoří? Co je při tvorbě programu důležité? Jaké zvolit výtvarné aktivity a jak mohu následně navázat výtvarnou činností v mateřské škole na edukační program? Pokusíme se nastínit zákulisí zprostředkování umění předškolním dětem při edukačních programech nebo při výtvarných ateliérech s rodiči a ilustrovat nejdůležitější informace a zkušenosti na konkrétních příkladech, které se odehrály v rámci konkrétních výstav. Abychom podpořili dlouhodobý aktivní zájem dítěte o umění a kulturu, je nesmírně důležité, jakým způsobem je koncipováno jeho první setkání s uměním.

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ULOGA CENTRA ZA SOCIJALNU SKRB U PROCESU PRUŽANJA PODRŠKE DJECI S TEŠKOĆAMA U RAZVOJU I NJIHOVIM OBITELJIMA

Author(s): Marina Hranj Zeko / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Socijalna skrb organizirana je djelatnost od javnog interesa čiji je cilj pružanje pomoći socijalno ugroženim osobama, kao i osobama u nepovoljnim osobnim ili obiteljskim okolnostima (Zakon o socijalnoj skrbi, NN 18/22, 46/22, 119/22, čl. 3.). U okviru socijalne skrbi, profesija socijalnog rada određena je osnovnim djelatnostima kao što su: osnaživanje pojedinaca, obitelji, grupa i zajednice te razvoj njihovih sposobnosti za samopomoć, poticanje socijalnih promjena, razvoj kvalitetnih i dostupnih socijalnih usluga, promicanje socijalne kohezije, zastupanje osjetljivih i obesnaženih društvenih skupina te otklanjanje zapreka s kojima se ljudi susreću u ostvarivanju svoje socijalne sigurnosti. Također i djelatnostima postizanja socijalno pravednog društva koje je zasnovano na humanizmu i ljudskim pravima koje svim svojim članovima omogućava dostojanstven život (Zakon o djelatnosti socijalnog rada, NN 16/19, 18/22).

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ПРИКАЗНИЯТ СВЯТ НА ВОДАТА В ДЕТСКОТО ВЪОБРАЖЕНИЕ – АРТПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИ ТЕХНИКИ (3-6 Г.В.)

Author(s): Pepa Miteva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report presents a creative idea related to the diverse possibilities for interpreting the topic of water from the children's imagination. Water is the stimulus and the artistic means of art (through methods and techniques of art-pedagogy) provoke the materialization of fantastic images. The topic is oriented towards early childhood, in the period 3-6 years and is an option for the educator, psychologist, parent to motivate creativity.

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АРТ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИ ПОДХОДИ И ДЕТСКО ТВОРЧЕСТВО, СТИМУЛИРАНИ ОТ ТЕМАТА ЗА ВОДНИТЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВА

Author(s): Gergana Avramova-Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report examines various possibilities of art pedagogical techniques for development of children's creativity. The idea follows children's imagination and the way it interprets the inhabitants of water bodies. Expressive means are used to stimulate the art pedagogical process. Creative tools enable educators, psychologists, parents and experts in the helping professions to explore the relationship between application of expressive techniques and children's creativity.

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РИСКОВИ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ НА ДИГИТАЛНИТЕ ЮНОШИ

Author(s): Tatyana Kotzeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper aims to reveal the prevalence of risky health behaviors among today’s generation of Bulgarian adolescents who grow up in a digital environment. Based on the national representative data from the international survey ‘Health Behaviors among School-aged Children’, wave 2017/2018, the prevalence of risky behaviors such as tobacco use, alcohol and drug consumption, early start of sexual activity and bullying perpetration has been revealed. Family, peers and school setting are discussed as the main determinants of adolescents’ risky behaviors. Creating school as a comfortable less stressed environment for prosocial and health-oriented initiatives could by an effective way to coping risky behaviors among the adolescents.

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Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Öğrenciler

Author(s): Murat Balci / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Autism spectrum disorder is a pervasive developmental disorder that is associated with strong genetic components, appears in early childhood, manifests itself with social communication deficiencies and unusually repetitive, limited-repetitive sensory-motor behavior patterns, and restricted interests. It is defined as a progressive neurodevelopmental syndrome. When the epidemiological research findings on autism spectrum disorder are examined, it is seen that while autism was seen in every 150 children at the beginning of the 21st century, this figure has increased to one in 68 children since the 2020s. Although social deficits are not immediately noticed in the first years of autism spectrum disorder, which is usually seen in infancy at the latest in the first three years of life, these deficits and limitations become increasingly evident as the child with ASD becomes more mobile and other children become more socially sophisticated. Children with autism usually do not call others when they are happy, do not need other individuals, friends or parents, do not point to objects of interest, or call their parents by name. Autism is a heterogeneous condition; No two children with autism have exactly the same profile, but similar behavior patterns can be observed, however.

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Gelişimi Tipik Seyreden Çocuklarda Okul Reddi, Anksiyete ve Duygu Düzenleme Güçlükleri

Author(s): Sümeyye Ulaş / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The World Health Organization defines a healthy individual as not only a state of physiological well-being without any disease or disability, but also as a holistic state of well-being that includes social and mental aspects. At this point, it can be evaluated that mental health and mental health problems are at least as crucial as illness or disability in complying with the definition of a healthy individual. Mental health problems can affect individuals at all stages of development. Theorists focus on the impact of early childhood development processes on the rest of life, with an emphasis on early childhood problems and early interventions. In this context, this study aimed to introduce the concepts of school refusal, anxiety, and emotion regulation as early-term emotional problems. The social circle of the child, whose social circle has been limited to her/his family until now, is expanding with processes such as school. This, in particular, can cause situations such as anxiety. It can be said that the emotional problems that are likely to be experienced in the pre-school period, when they expand in various ways, are brought to the reader’s attention. School refusal, an anxiety-based situation, is considered a school attendance problem that can lead to severe consequences such as school dropout. In this context, the similarity between school refusal and separation anxiety symptoms can occasionally make it difficult to recognize these two problems. However, while separation anxiety is seen with more diverse stimuli, anxiety and avoidance reactions are observed against the school- and school-related stimuli in the case of school refusal. Against these situations, it is recommended to focus on children's emotional regulation difficulties and intervene.

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Sürdürülebilir Oyuncaklarda Tasarım

Author(s): Sevil Yılmaz Aykul / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Toys have an important effect on the development of children, who are our future. Toys having such an importance should be handled sensitively in the design process. With industrialization, toy designs are mostly realized through factories. The designs of toys produced in the factories focus on plastic and its derivatives. Today, sustainable designs in toys are among the products preferred by parents. There are many types of sustainable toys. In this direction, the effect of sustainable products on the design of wooden toys is the aim of the research. In order to achieve this aim, a descriptive analysis of the data obtained by using document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was made. Necessary evaluations were made by examining the studies and approaches related to sustainable designs in toys. In this direction, suggestions have been put forward for the studies that can be done for the dissemination of sustainability in toy design. Finally, in the light of the data obtained during the research process, it was concluded that parents pay more attention to the choice of wooden and sustainable toys they would buy for their children.

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Psí hrdina v roli průvodce na cestě k formování identity a mezilidských vztahů ve vybraných příbězích pro děti a mládež

Author(s): Magdaléna Lípová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Příspěvek se zabývá možnostmi literatury pro děti a mládež při utváření identity a mezilidských vztahů, a to i z pohledu vývojové psychologie, především teorie osobnosti Erika Eriksona. K interpretačním analýzám byly vybrány prózy Psí dny Jany Jašové a Malostranská psí zima Pavly Skálové, v nichž psí hrdinové vystupují v rolích průvodců na cestě k formování mezilidských vztahů, vyrovnávání se s tranzitorní krizí a hledáním svého místa ve společnosti i rodinném a přátelském mikroprostoru.

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DIAGNOSTIC VERSION OF STUDYING THE EMOTIONAL HEALTH OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN AFTER THE PARENTS'

Author(s): Ina Dimitrova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The publication is focused on researching the emotional health of children whose families have a broken structure (parental separation). The questions around which the research is organized are related to the search for answers: to what extent is the emotional health of children in a family with a broken structure preserved, what is the degree of development of the emotional intelligence of the parents. The tests that are included are: "My Family" test; Palette of Feelings test; parent survey; survey with the children. Ten families who are separated or in the process of divorce have been diagnosed. Testing with parents aims to assess their emotional intelligence and the degree of interest in mental state and emotional health for future professional realization, not only affecting their education, but communication with others and self-image as a full-fledged person. The questions concern: their attitude towards marriage; family values, as key in raising and educating the child; sources of information in case of need or responsibility, as a parent. The results obtained are good and encouraging. When reporting the results, the children were divided by gender: 51% of girls have preserved emotionality, 40% of boys have preserved emotionality, 2% of girls have severe emotional impairments, 7% of boys have severe impairments. The conclusions of the conducted research are that the parents of the 21st century are informed and know in depth the mental and emotional needs of children and show responsibility and concern. Also, emotional intelligence is fully formed and they seek daily information about their own development as parents. They accept teachers as people with ideas and a "key" to the correct and healthy development of their child in all aspects.

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