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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the self-confidence variable, which expresses the confidence that a person has in overcoming problems and difficulties and achieving his goals, and career adaptability variable, which expresses the ability to adapt to career-related situations, influences personal growth initiative, which expresses the individual's propensity for development. Design/methodology/approach – The research was carried out by general survey model, which is one of the quantitative research methods. Research data were obtained through face-to-face questionnaires with 205 university students selected by convenience sampling method. The data obtained in the study were evaluated with the Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) analysis program SmartPLS3. Findings – According to the findings, anxiety and curiosity, which are the sub-dimensions of career adaptability, and internal self-confidence have a significant and positive effect on taking personal growth initiative, while external self-confidence, control and confidence have no positive and significant effect on taking individual development initiative. Discussion – It is understood that individuals with high internal self-confidence, curiosity and future anxiety have higher levels of taking personal growth initiative. Accordingly, efforts should be made to make individuals more self-confident and more adaptable with the needs of their careers to develop the individual growth initiative for the future and career of the person.
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The purpose of this review was to examine muscle dysmorphia, a psychological disorder characterized by the perception of own body as less muscular than it is, preoccupation with muscularity,and intense engagement in muscle-building actions. For this purpose, first, information about thehistory, symptoms, prevalence, and etiological factors of muscle dysmorphia was presented. Then, negative consequences of muscle dysmorphia, the comorbid psychological disorders with muscledysmorphia, and the treatment methods for muscle dysmorphia were addressed. In addition, theongoing debates about the diagnostic classification of muscle dysmorphia were discussed by refer-ring to its similarities with the related psychological disorders (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorderand eating disorders). Finally, the studies on muscle dysmorphia in the Turkish literature were summarized, and then the relationship between bodybuilding and muscle dysmorphia was examined. This review article, which contains up-to-date information on muscle dysmorphia, was expected to increase scientific studies and social awareness about this new phenomenon in Turkey.
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Purpose – This study aims at developing the “Sources of Meaningful Work Scale” which enables individuals to identify the sources of meaning that foster the meaningfulness of the work and explore the psychological processes underlying the experience of meaning at work. Design/methodology/approach – A series of studies were conducted in line with the aim of the study. Firstly, adopting both deductive and inductive approach, an item pool was created. With the participation of 143 white-collar employees Research 1 is carried out in order to determine the factor structure of the scale and prove its construct validity. Then, additional evidence for the construct validity of the scale has been obtained through the data gathered from 283 white-collar employees in Research 2, and the reliability of the scale, the convergent and divergent validity of the scale over the structure, the criterion-related validity over the relations with other variables, and the measurement invariance over the gender have been tested. Findings – According to the research findings, the validity and reliability of the Sources of Meaningful Work Scale consists of 4 dimensions with 14 items has been created to be used in the literature. The dimensions of the scale are “existence and feeling valuable, purpose integration, competency and personal development”. Discussion – Although there are measurement tools related to the meaningfulness of the work in the literature, there is no tool for measuring the sources of meaning of the work, except for a scale developed specifically for the academic profession. Therefore, it is considered that the current study will provide contribution to the literature determining the factors which are the source of the meaningfulness of the work and the development of the scale “Sources of Meaningful Work”. In addition, with the development of this scale, it is expected that the identification and management of individuals' sources of meaning will contribute by obtaining positive results at the individual and organizational level, specifically increasing the meaning at work.
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This article delves into the psychological literature concerning divorce and its impact on the personality development of preadolescents aged 9-12. Researchers in this field emphasize the significant role of family and socio-cultural environments in shaping a child’s personality, considering personality as a system embedded within a matrix of socio-cultural systems. The Millon Pre-Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MPACI) test was employed to identify personality disorders among preadolescents affected by parental separation. The underlying hypothesis posits that preadolescents with divorced parents would exhibit personality disorders, and significant differences would emerge in the personality patterns between preadolescents from divorced families and those from intact families. Statistical analysis of the results corroborated this hypothesis, shedding light on the nuanced effects of divorce on preadolescent personality development.
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The World Health Organization defines sedentary screen time as the time spent in passive screen-based entertainment (TV, computer, mobile phone), excluding active screen time, specifically time spent playing games requiring physical activity or movement. Researchers agree that preschool-aged children spend longer periods of time in front of screens than recommended for their age, contradicting WHO guidelines on sedentary screen time for children up to 5 years old. The aim of our research was to obtain data on the age at which children are first exposed to screens, determine the duration of screen exposure on a daily basis, the most common type of screen, and the situations in which preschool-aged children use them. The sample consisted of 200 children, aged 48 to 60 months, of both genders. A specially constructed sociodemographic questionnaire was used for the research, which included questions regarding the age at which the child was first exposed to screens, the duration of daily exposure, as well as the most common type of screen and situations in which the child uses them. Informants were the parents of the children included in the study. The research was conducted in preschool institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, during February and March 2024. The results of the research show that children are first exposed to screens as early as at the age of 7 to 12 months, and that screen exposure on a daily basis exceeds the recommended time by WHO guidelines for most participants. The most common type of screen to which children are exposed is TV, and the most common situations in which they use them are during meals or while parents perform various household chores. Attention should be directed towards further identifying factors leading to excessive screen usage and providing clear guidelines to parents regarding the timing, content, technology, and joint activities related to screen time for young children in various cultural settings.
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Mastering writing skills is preceded by a significant developmental pathway of graphomotor abilities, which starts early in childhood. Considering that graphomotor ability and visual perception are prerequisites for mastering the writing, this study analyzed the graphomotor abilities in preschool-aged children, with the aim of identifying children exhibiting elements suspected of dysgraphia. The sample consisted of 100 preschool-aged children (age 5-6), of both genders (49 girls and 51 boys). Pre-writing skills were assessed using the Predictive Test for Dysgraphia. The research was conducted in a Preschool Institution in Danilovgrad, in March and April 2024. The results of analysis showed that preschool-aged children have specific difficulties in meeting the following criteria: accurately following the given sequence of figures and their careful and precise drawing (size and shape). It was also found that children of this age group have a particular problem in maintaining the specified distance of the figures from the edge of the rectangle (drawing around the edge). The only test item that the majority of respondents were able to respond to was perseverance in completing tasks, in terms of finishing the drawing (a series of started figures). Based on inadequate visual discrimination of the size and shape of given and drawn figures, and poor spatial orientation on paper, it is possible to identify children with graphomotor difficulties. Early detection of children with visual-perceptual and graphomotor difficulties will help overcome these deficiencies through systematic exercises through speech therapy treatments, so that children can start school being better prepared.
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Kiesler's (1983) Interpersonal Cycle Model has become a powerful tool for conceptualizing, organizing, and evaluating interpersonal tendencies in recent years. Accordingly, the Interpersonal Cyclical Model provides a theoretical basis for the nature of relationships and thus facilitates an understanding of 'self' and 'the others’' relationships. The first of the two main purposes of our study was to create valid and reliable stories about the four themes (failure, abandonment, rejec-tion, and criticism) that we define as challenging life events. The second one offered a theoretical example of these stories in interpersonal relations, based on the model. For this purpose, two different samples were defined. In the first, twelve stories were created, inspired by sample situa-tions of failure, abandonment, rejection, and criticism, received from a total of 40 people aged between 18-35 (age: M = 25.46, SD = 1.66). The level of representation of the target theme of the stories was examined by three judges and ten reviewers who are experts in clinical psychology. To test the effectiveness of the scenarios, five judges with theoretical knowledge on Interpersonal Schemas. Secondly, three separate judges were involved to evaluate their codability in accord-ance with the model. At this stage, the intraclass correlation coefficient of reliability for all stories was found to be high and significant (ICC = .84 to .99, p = .025) according to the results of the pilot study, which was performed on 15 people (age: M = 22.43, SD = 3.87), seven of whom were male. It was decided that the psychometric properties of the Story Completion Inventory in Romantic Relationships were at levels that could be studied within the framework of Cognitive Interpersonal Theory and could be used in the literature.
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It is argued that forgiveness is important in maintaining relationships; as individuals can sometimes encounter hurtful behaviors in close relationship experiences (McCullough; 2001). Hence; considering the importance of forgiveness in relationships; it is worthwile to investigate the factors that facilitate forgiveness and the mechanisms underlying these relationships. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived partner responsiveness and for-giveness; and to explore the mediating roles of co-brooding and coreappraisal; which are inter-personal emotion regulation strategies; on this relationship among married individuals. The sam-ple of the study consisted of 187 married individuals ranging from 24 to 65 years in age. In the study; the online questionnaire battery was used to measure perceived partner responsiveness; interpersonal emotion regulation strategies; and forgiveness. The statistical analyses showed that there was a positive relationship between perceived partner responsiveness and forgiveness. In addition; there was a partial mediating role of co-reappraisal on this relationship. In line with these results; it is believed that focusing on perceived partner support and responsiveness; and on the development of emotion regulation skills in relationship contexts may be beneficial in for-giveness programs conducted with couples.
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A brief theoretical formulation on the issue the effect of active games on the motive and intellectual formation of students in the primary school has been attempted. Description of the term ”Intellect” has been provided – a review of the specific features of visual and figurative thinking that characterizes the primary school thinking has been made, as well as a psychological and pedagogic description of active games including running, jumping, casting and counteraction has been made, as included in the syllabus for the primary school students.
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The scouting movement is popular all over the world and in Bulgaria. It educates in friendship, assistance, loyalty, contributes to young people becoming more responsible and independent, to love nature, to care for both nature and people. This is done through action, in a real setting, in a fun way. A survey was conducted, the results of which are presented in the publication. The idea is advocated that scouting contributes to reducing aggression among the younger generation.
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The psychological assessment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents unique challenges and demands a specialized approach. This paper provides comprehensive guidelines drawn from clinical practice to facilitate effective and meaningful assessment of these children. Key components of the assessment process include the establishment of a safe and comfortable environment, rapport building with the child, utilization of standardized assessment tools tailored to autism-specific behaviors, and the incorporation of observations in various contexts. The assessment process also highlights the significance of gathering input from caregivers and parents to gain valuable insights into the child's developmental history and behavior. Additionally, these guidelines stress the need for cultural sensitivity and ethical considerations throughout the assessment process. Understanding the unique sensory sensitivities and communication challenges that children with autism may face is essential for accurate evaluation. Ultimately, this paper underscores the individuality of each child with autism and the importance of tailoring assessments to their specific needs, recognizing that a holistic understanding of their profile is paramount for informed interventions and support.
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Review of: -O osobach, które nie potrafią odgrywać ról społecznych. Studium socjologiczno-językowe, Wydawnictwo Libron, Kraków 2023, ss. 174, ISBN 978-83-67209-33-5.
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The article presents nature as a factor in the development of children's personality. Reveals the benefits of contact with nature and its influence on children's intellectual potential. Provoking children's interest in learning about the environment affects the development of their cognitive abilities. All this favors the overall development and shaping of the child's personality.
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In this article, I would like to take a closer look at the philosophical meaning of the term “process,” which is a fundamental category in Arnold Mindell’s psychology. The Taoist origins of this concept go back to the Tao – the principle of the universe. Tao is the process of passing into each other the opposite aspects of the monastically understood Qi energy. Mindell was also inspired by the analytical psychology of Carl Gustav Jung, which emphasizes the importance of archetypal, unconscious mental processes and their impact on the ego through random thoughts, fantasies or dreams. Mindell distinguishes between a primary process (mental content that we are aware of) and a secondary process (mental content that we are not aware of) to explain what connects a person with her natural living – an unadulterated existence through rigid boundaries between the two processes acquired during one’s upbringing. The purpose of this article is to explore the Jungian and Taoist roots of Mindell’s psychology and to characterize individual lives as confronting their entire processual being, thus becoming natural living.
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This research proposal aims at studying the development of social skills among high school students through a multidisciplinary program that incorporates physical education and socialization lessons. The study will pursue a multidisciplinary approach by incorporating physical education classes and sports on the one hand with education for social skills on the other. Are students who are active or even participate in physical education classes more prone to develop their social skills than students who do not take part, or tend to remain passive or in these classes? Social skills include students’ ability to develop social communication, cooperation in a teamwork, self-discipline, assertiveness and social adaptation skills as influenced by their level of activity in physical education and sports classes. Students are also engaged in reflexive sports mediation. Reflexive mediation takes place during or after a sport session, during which students reflect (discuss and analyze) about events that took place during the sports session, and whether the action and reaction could or should have been done differently.
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The book addresses the issue of parental and school digital mediation strategies, identifying the key variables and highlighting the gaps found, developing a dynamic model and a School Digital Mediation Guide dedicated to teachers, school counselors, for a deep understanding of how the internet shapes child and adolescent development. The author rem arks the distinct characteristics of technology use in digital education by creating connections between national and international studies in the fi eld and opinions of main actors involved to guide the reader in understanding how to increase the benefits and limit the risks of using the Internet for children and adolescents. The School Digital Mediation Guide contains viable national-level solutions and proposals for implementing beneficial measures for children’s and adolescents’ digital education and integration into school and family activities.
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Delinquency theories place personality traits among the factors favoring crime. The personality is outlined early on, when the child perceives and carefully observes their surrounding reality. Adolescence is a critical period of personality finalization, the capacity for analysis and synthesis is high, but unstable, so the environment in which the young man grows up strongly affects his development. The questions and worries during adolescence are defining for the subsequent crystallization of the personality, for shaping an ideal, for forming a system of values that will guide behavior. We can say that the personality of the juvenile delinquent represents the unfortunate conjugation of those factors that contribute to the development of his personality, which results in a person who encounters difficulties in adequately adapting to the requirements of society. Delinquency refers to complex phenomena, common in modern societies. This makes delinquency a highly studied phenomenon, precisely to find the best ways to prevent and combat various forms of delinquency. This article presents data from the research on personality development of delinquent adolescents, conducted on a sample of 210 adolescents.
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