The Psychopedagogical Intervention for the Development of Children’s Spiritual Intelligence: The Quest for the Theoretical Framework

Author(s): Ina Grasmane,Anita Pipere / Language(s): English Issue: 44/2020

The scientific topicality of this study undergirds the demand for innovative, theoretically and empirically grounded program of psychopedagogical intervention for the development of children’s spiritual intelligence. The task for the spirituality research today is building of scientifically sound definitions, theoretical models and constructs of spiritual development. Currently the terminology in this field is rather vague; guidelines for the application of spiritually oriented terminology in research and intervention practice are missing. The paper aims toward the theoretical analysis of concepts like spirituality, spiritual intelligence and spiritual development as well as toward the description of the theoretical approaches determining the up-to-date research related to phenomena and processes in the field of spiritual development. The authors focus on cognitive-developmental, social ecology and dynamic systemic approach to the theoretical analysis of the spiritual development. Thus, the envisaged psychopedagogical intervention will be grounded on comprehensive investigation in relation to the concepts of spirituality, spiritual intelligence, and spiritual development as well as on determination of targets and methods for the development of spiritual intelligence.

Džon B. Votson (1878-1958) i slučaj Malog Alberta

Author(s): Aleksandar Vasić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 02/2020

A century has passed since the publication of a case study report on the subject of affective conditioning known as “The Little Albert Experiment” (Watson & Rayner, 1920). This study has proven to be of great importance to further development of behaviorism and to the development of modern psychology as a whole, becoming an indispensable part of psychology course-books, such as Psychology 101, Developmental Psychology, Psychology of Learning and History of Psychology. The study is closely linked to several turning points in the personal life and professional career of John B. Watson (1878 – 1958), the most important representative of an authentically American school of thought called behaviorism. This paper will present these crucial moments both in Watson’s life and in the development of modern psychology together with several fundamental themes in the history and historiography of psychology. Firstly, we lay out the contemporary socio-cultural context in the United States and outline the major trends in the development of psychology at the turn of the 20th century. A biographical sketch of J. B. Watson follows, together with the description of tenets of original behaviorism as it was presented and developed in Watson’s writings. “The Little Albert Experiment” is presented in detail, as well as the search for “Little Albert's" identity and his fate as the sole subject of this experiment. Finally, we relate the fates of J. B. Watson and his family, and conclude by giving a brief account of the legacy and influence of behaviorism on contemporary scientific psychology.

Пять основных правил, способствующих развитию детского технического творчества

Author(s): Vladimir Nikolaevich Varaksin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02/2016

The article considers the forms and methods of work of the children’s technical creativity in Russia in the comparative analysis with the direction of this activity in the countries of the western world. Five basic rules contributing to the development of children's technical creativity have been derived in the result of analysis of the activities of children’s technical creativity on the modern stage of development.

Pandemic parenting: Predictors of quality of parental pandemic practices during COVID-19 lockdown in Serbia

Author(s): Ana Radanović,Isidora Micić,Svetlana Pavlović,Ksenija Krstić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The aim of our study was to explore relations between parents’ and children’s fear of COVID-19, parents’ dispositions (emotion regulation, self-efficacy, the anxiety trait) and their distress (due to the pandemic, the national state of emergency [NSE] and curfews) and how these variables have been affecting the quality of parental pandemic practices during the COVID-19 NSE in Serbia. Our online questionnaire was filled in by 376 parents and one of their children aged 7 to 19 years. Path analysis was used to analyze data. Higher levels of cognitive reappraisal and self-efficacy directly contribute to a higher quality of parental pandemic practices during NSE. Indirectly, parents’ fear, pandemic distress, and parents’ cognitive anxiety symptoms increase children’s fear, consequently raising the quality of parental pandemic practices. Pointing out protective and risk factors that may affect pandemic parenting during NSE as well as mechanisms of their contributions, our findings draw attention to the importance of parents’ negative emotions regulation and the effects of children’s emotions on the quality of parental pandemic practices during an ongoing pandemic.

LIFELONG EDUCATION - NECESSITY AND DESIDERATUM OF THE PERSONALITY

Author(s): Valentina MÎSLIȚCHI / Language(s): English Issue: -/2020

The article presents the problem of the need to ensure education throughout the life of the personality. There are highlighted various definitions of lifelong education given by various researchers, there is specified the purpose, objectives, characteristics, contents of lifelong education, there are described the forms and factors of lifelong education and it is elucidated the methodology of lifelong education.

TRAINING TODAY'S INDIVIDUAL FOR TOMORROW'S INDIVIDUAL'S PERFORMANCE. LIFELONG LEARNING

Author(s): Florentin Remus MOGONEA / Language(s): English Issue: -/2020

The contemporary world is characterized by a rapid and unpredictable evolution of science and technology, generating a significant movement of ideas, inventions and discoveries, an exponential growth of information and cutting-edge technologies. These have as a consequence the digitalisation of the society, the restructuring and the renewal of some multidisciplinary epistemological approaches, from all sectors of the social life.Contemporary society is facing limited resources of raw materials and energy, population growth, widening the gap between rich and poor countries, the steady deterioration of the environment, and interethnic conflicts.The solution to this crisis is the education reform, which will cause profound transformations in relation to the specificities of each country, a new education policy to increase its quality and imprint the prospective character.Through structure, objectives and content, education must constantly meet the requirements of the evolution of national and international reality. The meanings and efficiency of the educational act are given by the the adaptation and self-regulation capacity of education, compared to the more numerous challenges of the social space.Our paper aims to demonstrate the importance of lifelong learning, deepening and capitalising on it, after the period of compulsory schooling. Tomorrow's human education is no longer reduced to what the school transfers; it results from the harmonious combination of the three forms of education throughout life. This means that the training of today's individual, through education, will meet the demands of the tomorrow's knowledge society.

Rozpowszechnienie gry w pokera oraz ryzyko uzależnienia wśród mężczyzn w okresie późnej adolescencji i wczesnej dorosłości

Author(s): Anna Grzesik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2020

Playing poker might become an addictive activity. Therefore, it belongs to risky behaviours that are willingly exhibited particularly by persons in their adolescence. In the form of a professional game, poker can also be a way to delay the moment of becoming an adult. The prevalence of poker was checked among 2054 men in two age groups: persons in their adolescence (19–24 years old) and early adulthood (25–30 years old). Contrary to the expectations, the number of poker players is higher in the group of older respondents. The level of risk of problem gambling among poker players, assessed with the CPGI questionnaire, is similar in both groups, although in case of the young adults, the number of persons showing no symptoms of problem gambling is higher. The results were discussed in the context of the available literature and in relation to the phenomena characteristic of the separated development phases.

Poczucie samotności jako moderator przebiegu kryzysów sytuacyjnych, rozwojowych i egzystencjalnych

Author(s): Zofia Dołęga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2020

The article addresses the issue of different categories of psychological crises. The main thesis of the work formulates the belief that feeling of loneliness (consisting of three dimensions: a feeling of social, emotional and existential loneliness) in crisis states is an important moderator (predictor) of their course and ultimately psychological consequences. In the theoretical layer, the problem raised here is based on the assumptions of life-span developmental psychology theory, and in the empirical layer refers to the results of a number of research projects in which a sense of loneliness among other numerous variables has been given the status of predictor. The results of the projects show that taking the feeling of loneliness into account provides a better insight into the direct or indirect consequences of psychological crises with different characteristics. This matters not only theoretically, but also practically. On the one hand, it raises awareness of the course and psychological consequences of crises caused by various risks, losses and relational deficits. On the other hand, it advocates the use of proprietary tools to measure feelings of loneliness: (SBS-C, 8–13 years), adolescents (SBS, 12–19 years), and adults (SBS-AD and SBS-ADC) (Dołęga, 2020).

Recenzja książki Marii Kielar-Turskiej i Stanisława Milewskiego (red.), Język w biegu życia, Gdańsk: Harmonia Universalis, 2019

Author(s): Zbigniew Tarkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2020

Prosociality in Relation to Developmental Tasks of Emerging Adulthood

Author(s): Iwona Nowakowska / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

Prosociality, understood as the capacity to act in a way that benefits others, is an important feature for emerging adults to fulfill their personal needs and fulfill developmental tasks. This life period is a time of exploration within various areas of life, enabling individuals to try out and choose own worldview, lifestyle, work and preferred patterns of interpersonal relationships. This review aims at bringing together the evidence on how prosociality (prosocial orientations, values, behaviors) or deficits in such features may be linked to the fulfillment of three basic human needs as conceptualized by the self-determination theory in emerging adults. The relation of prosociality to the three tasks in the context of development in emerging adulthood: (1) reaching autonomy from the family of origin, (2) achieving own identity and (3) establishing positive relationships with others, are outlined based on a literature review. Implications for future research are also provided.

Prosociality in Relation to Developmental Tasks of Emerging Adulthood

Author(s): Sara Filipiak,Beata Łubianka / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

The aim of the present study was to analyse the personality traits and value preferences of students from integrated and non-integrated classes. Sixty-nine primary school sixth graders were surveyed (M = 12.45; SD = .58). The group of students attending integrated classes included 38 individuals. The remaining 31 students attended non-integrated classrooms. Personality traits were measured using the Picture-Based Personality Survey for Children (PBPS-C ) and value preferences were determined on the basis of the Picture-Based Value Survey for Children (PBVS-C). The results showed that youth from the integrated classes did not differ significantly from their peers from the non-integrated classes in terms of personality traits. In case of values, students from the non-integrated classes cherished values of Universalism more than their peers from the integrated classes. Correlation analyses showed that the patterns of relations between personality traits and preferred values were partially different for the two groups. Nevertheless, a similar pattern of relations was observed in both groups between Openness to Experience and values in the categories of Self-direction and Universalism.

Specyfika rozwojowa struktury pamięci dzieciństwa w biegu dorosłego życia – wyniki badań narracyjnych

Author(s): Kamil Jezierski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2020

Theories of autobiographical memory and narrative identity allow us to assume that childhood memory is represented in the mind of an adult person as a comprehensive period with its own unique characteristics that is subjected to changes during the lifespan. Based on the concept of the global coherence of life history, it was assumed that in later periods of life, childhood memories will be more elaborate and thus cognitively more accessible as well as organized temporally and logically in a more coherent story.The use of narrative interview revealed differences between early, middle and late adulthood in the way the childhood memories are organized, as well as in the age-independent characteristics of the perceived childhood. The obtained results suggest that in late adulthood, childhood is recalled more extensively and more memories are logically organized, which is attributed to greater attention to the past resulting from the task of life summary. Regardless of the age of the respondents, less than half of the memories related logically to each other, with most of the text consisting of separate scenes not located in time. These findings raised the issue of the specificity of childhood memory and the universality of global coherence of life stories.

„Co wyraża twarz?” – rozpoznawanie ekspresji emocjonalnej twarzy przez osoby głuche i słyszące

Author(s): Katarzyna Buluk,Celina Timoszyk-Tomczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2020

An analysis of emotional functioning of deaf people is important for understanding their activities in different areas of life. Emotional functioning is related to emotional intelligence, which involves emotion perception and recognition as well as emotional expressiveness. The aim of the study was to compare the ability to recognize facial emotional expression among deaf and hearing people.The present study was conducted on 80 individuals (40 deaf people and 40 hearing people). The Emotional Intelligence Scale – Faces (Matczak, Piekarska, Studniarek, 2005) and a set of photographs used by Paul Ekman in his study of basic emotions were used for the data collection.The results obtained show that deaf people differ from hearing people in recognizing facial expressions. The analysis was conducted in terms of differences in recognition of expression of basic and complex emotions. The study included variables such as the moment of hearing loss (congenital or acquired deafness) or upbringing with deaf or hearing parents.

ÇOCUKLUKTAN YETİŞKİNLİĞE BABA KAVRAMI

Author(s): Emine Durmuş,Ezgi Sumbas,Rüstem Göktürk HAYLI,Ramazan ÇOK / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 57/2021

The concept of “father”, which has an important role in the family and parents child relationship, has been the subject of many science fields in historical periods. The aim of the study is to reveal the perceptions of the concept of "father" in different developmental stages. In this research, what the concept of father means according to the age periods was determined by the prototype analysis method. The research was carried out in a qualitative pattern. 241 participants including primary school (40), middle school (40), high school (40), university (40), young adulthood (40), middle age (40) were included in the research. Participants were asked what meant of father to them in a form where expressing a concept was embodied with the example and asked what the meaning of the father meant. “Prototype Analysis Method” was used to analyze the obtained data. The definitions related to the father are classified according to gender and developmental stages in the form of frequencies, and their percentages are listed from the most repeated to the least repeated and shown in a table. During the primary school, paticipants define fathers as love, meeting financial needs, compassion, anger, respect; The participants in the middle school period defined the head of the household, love, happiness, money, altruist. Participants in the high school period defined the father as a protector, the head of the household, love, support, and the university period as a protector, support, source of happiness, trust, sacrifice. Participants in young adulthood define fathers; trust, protector, authority, self-sacrificing, guiding; middle age participants define fathers; such as support, head of the household,, protector, love, authority. According to the results of the study, the father is mostly symbolized as an element of love in primary school, the other in the house in the middle school period, the person who keeps the house in high school, a protector in the university, the person who gives confidence in the young adulthood and the support person in the last middle age period. This result shows that perceptions and references to the father differ according to age and time.

Biologiczne podstawy emocji. Rola stresu w regulacji procesu dojrzewania

Author(s): Maria Dorota Czajkowska-Majewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2008

Emotions are fundamental functions of mammalian brain, essential for survival of an individual, a group and a species, they have biological basis and are mediated by a variety of neurotransmitters and neurohormones acting on specific brain structures. Stress is state of disturbed homeostasis, which generates a spectrum of adaptive physiological reactions in an organism, which promote individual’s survival or survival of a species. One such adaptive mechanism includes control by stress (via stress hormones) of reproductive functions by either delaying or accelerating puberty.

SANTA CLAUS: FICTIONAL CHARACTER WITH REAL IMPACT. IS IT SAFE TO TELL CHILDREN THAT SANTA CLAUS EXISTS?

Author(s): Marana Ana Laura Ciubotaru / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The paper starts from the existing literature and explores from a psychological angle some possible implications of telling children that Santa Claus is real. Although this implies telling a lie, which is morally debatable, some aspects are considered that imply that the benefits of continuing this tradition outweigh the negative aspects. Santa is considered to be a symbol and role model useful in conveying abstract notions to small children and helping them live positive experiences that shape their inner world and foster resilience. Nonetheless, the way that the message is conveyed is seen to play an important part. The paper aims to some insights to the potential useful aspects of telling children about Santa and parting from the explored perspectives to suggest further research directions in order to gain a more in-depth understanding on the subject.

The Role of Speech Comprehension in the Early Stages of Theory of Mind Development in Children with ASD

Author(s): Karolina Krzysztofik,Katarzyna Mariańczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In order to determine whether the reported association between the development of theory of mind (ToM) and speech comprehension in ASD children also exists at the early stages of ToM development, a group of 33 children with ASD and reduced ToM development were tested using the Belief understanding subscale of the SToMM and the Speech comprehension subscale of the IDS-P. The statistical analyses demonstrated that children with ASD presenting different levels of early ToM skills also have different levels of speech comprehension. Accordingly, supporting the development of speech comprehension can facilitate the acquisition of early ToM skills. At the same time, the results of a qualitative analysis also suggested that manipulating objects in space, moving them as well as moving themselves may help children with ASD to complete ToM tasks.

LES CATECHISMES CATHOLIQUES FRANÇAIS ENTRE 1950 ET 1960: LA PREOCCUPATION DE L'ENFANT

Author(s): Vasile Crețu / Language(s): French Issue: 7/2021

A catechetical movement was born in France during the first part of the 20thcentury. A catechetical movement involves events, people, documents, works shaping a trend of thought that made the Church question on its catechetical policy and change it more or less significantly depending on the country and the time. Its appearance and existence were the fruit of all catechists, men and women, clergy and lay people who, facing the mutations in the educational approaches of this century, analyzed their catechetical practices, questioned on them and found new paths. These paths are followed by children who are no longer, as people used to think, those imperfect, incomplete beings that had to be perfected and completed according to the model provided for the adults.The perspective is totally different: children also have a life, they have their own life. And the right to live it, to live it happily. The care for the subject of the faith, the child, was the centre of this movement. Encouraged by the reflection and the catechetical work of Marie Fargues, Hélène Lubienska de Lenval and Françoise Derkenne, as well as of those who were close to her, such as Jean Vimort and Georges Duperray, Joseph Colomb – director of the National Centre for Religious Education at that time – publishes his Progressive Catechism in 1950, with all the anthropological, theological and pedagogical information that catechists need to use. Numerous catechists estimate that the contributions of child and adolescent psychology, even those of the New Education and active methods, would make their catecheticalactions more effective.

Funkcjonowanie poznawcze, zmiany gałkoruchowe i oczne w przebiegu prawidłowego starzenia się i procesu otępiennego typu alzheimerowskiego – przegląd badań

Author(s): Klaudia Ołownia,Monika Wiłkość-Dębczyńska,Przemysław Zabel,Daria Kukuła,Katarzyna Zabel,Jakub J. Kałużny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

Polish society is aging. Currently, people over 65 constitute 16.5% of the population. Along with changes in the population structure, the number of patients with dementia disorders increases. Every year, worldwide, there are nearly 4.6 million new patients diagnosed with dementia, including the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The purpose of this article is to review research studies that analyze visual-spatial deficits, eyesight and eye movement changes in normally aging people and in patients with AD. With age, various cognitive deficits appear, including visualspatial deficits of perception of complex stimuli, copying figures and visual construction, coordination and visual-spatial processing. So far, a number of studies have been conducted which show that people with AD have a thinner retinal nerve fiber layer. Macular volume and thickness reduction is also observed, which correlates with the severity of cognitive impairment. Research also points to the association of AD with eye movement disorders. Patients in this group make a greater number of errors in anti-saccade tasks as compared to healthy people. Typical for AD are delayed saccades and slow vertical saccade movement, lower accuracy and longer latency time, as well as lower saccadic inhibition as compared to normally ageing people. Identification of eye movement disorders can not only provide information on the severity of the disease but also make it possible to track its progression, and thus, probably, evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. Further studies will verify the diagnostic value of the retinal changes as an AD marker and the eye movement disorders in determining the severity of the disease, monitoring its course and assessing the effectiveness of the treatment.

Związki temperamentu z wybranymi cechami wspomnień autobiograficznych

Author(s): Paulina Olszak,Ewa Czerniawska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The aim of the study was to examine whether there exists a relationship between temperamental traits and selected characteristics of autobiographical memories. 71 persons twice recalled and rated their holiday memories: in October and three months later. In addition, the participants filled in the Formal Characteristics of Behavior – Temperament Inventory, Revised Version. The results revealed that participants with high emotional reactivity recall few events and their recollections are mostly negative and non-specific. Participants with high activity recall many different events and their recollections contain strong emotions. Participants with high perseveration recall negative events first. The exploration of the relation between temperament and autobiographical memories may help discover mechanisms that contribute to the construction of given narrative schemas through which they may influence individual development.