Validacija ljestvice za procjenu privrženosti djece rane dobi u fazi prilagodbe na jaslice

Author(s): Sanja Tatalović-Vorkapić,Zeljka Čargonja-Pregelj,Ivana Mihić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2015

The period of adjustment of children in preschool institutions, especially nursery schools, is a difficult and stressful time for most children. How long it will take and what kind of adjustment reactions the child will show depends on the emotional bonds that the child has previously developed. Considering the great lack of adequate measurement in this research field, the main aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Attachment Assessment Scale for toddlers, and to examine the quality of their attachment in the early phase of adaptation to the nursery.The study was conducted on a sample of 271 child in preschool institutions in Rijeka, Opatija, Lovran, Krk, and Baška. Educators observed the behaviour of children in the first fourteen days of their attendance in the nursery school. A questionnaire was given that was adapted and validated, on the basis of previous research, toddlers’ patterns of attachment (Mihic, 2010). Five of seven previously determined factors from the original questionnaire (Mihic, 2010) were found in this study. This finding confirmed the possibility of upgrading the questionnaire, in order to expand the possibility of better assessing and diagnosing the possible positive and negative aspects of developing the quality of toddlers’ attachment and the determination to develop safe, ambivalent, uncertain, or disorganizing forms of attachment. The behavioural patterns called: Avoidance, Support, Mother-child closeness, Rejection and Cold distance, have explained 57.945% of the total variance and showed satisfactory reliability levels in the range from 0.740 to 0.892. The results for attachment quality showed that the majority of children in this study were certainly attached to their primary parental figure and went through a normal course of adjustment to nursery school. In addition to the analysis of relations with different personal and situational variables, the findings are discussed in terms of the importance of attachment theory for quality work in the nursery school.

Pripovjedne sposobnosti djece s Downovim sindromom i djece s Williamsovim sindromom

Author(s): Višnja Pranjic,Emica Farago,Dijana Arapovic / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2016

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomopathy, with an incidence of 1:600. Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with an incidence of 1:7500-20000. Persons with these disorders have comparable cognitive deficits, but different language abilities. The goal of this research was to test the narrative ability of children with DS and children with WS and compare them with the narrative abilities of children with typical language development. The research was carried out on a sample of 40 children with DS, 5 children with WS and 40 children with typical language development. The children were paired by receptive age. For receptive age assessment we used the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-III-HR; Kovačević et al., 2009). Narrative abilities were tested on two variables: storytelling and verbal description of the mother. The results of a robust discriminant analysis showed statistically significant differences between children with Down syndrome (DS), children with Williams syndrome (WS) and children with typical language development. As we had assumed, the children with DS achieved significantly lower results than the children with WS and the children with typical development. However, no statistically significant difference was found in narrative ability–storytelling between the children with WS and the children with typical language development, they did show a signifi cant statistical difference in narrative ability – description of the mother. These results indicate that the narrative abilities of children with WS are relatively well developed, which is not the case for children with DS.

Porównanie wyników WISC-R i WAIS-R (PL) dzieci i adolescentów w badaniach podłużnych

Author(s): Krystyna Sochacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

D. Wechsler’s tests were used to examine the same group of subjects within the intellectual norm (N = 31) twice over an interval of 13 years: the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R; the subjects’ mean age was 8 years) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R; mean age – 21 years). Each measurement was carried out by the same person. Based on 62 protocols (answer sheets), intelligence quotients, scaled subtest scores, and factor scores obtained using WISC-R were compared both with the normalized version of WAIS-R (PL) (2004) and with the version of WAIS-R (PL) from before normalization (1996). Statistically significant differences were found between the results obtained using WISC-R and the normalized version of WAIS-R (PL). There is no such difference between WISC-R and the earlier version of WAIS-R (PL), from before normalization. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.

Genetičke pretpostavke konstruktivističke epistemološke paradigme

Author(s): Jasenko Karović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/139/2015

In this paper the author deals with contemporary change of epistemological paradigm and elementary assumptions of establishing a constructionist paradigm. Following the stances taken by Ernst von Glasersfeld, the paper analyzes the basic normative and physiological, i.e. genetic assumptions of human thought as interpreted by Jean Piaget. Cognitive development is moving towards ever higher forms of the mental balance which represents a progressive adaptation to reality, motivated by genuine mental needs of solving intellectual problems. Piaget introduces the cognitive scheme in which a problem presents destabilization of a previously achieved balance, and the solution restores the balance, but this time at a higher level, since it was not possible under previous circumstances. The mechanism by which this transition occurs Piaget calls reflective abstraction.

Privrženost i žudnja za domom kod inozemnih studenata

Author(s): Anela Hasanagić,Seniha Busra Asici / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 13/2015

Homesickness is a common feeling for most students, especially those who experience the separation from their own homes for the first time. It is known that some personality traits are associated with adjusting to the new situation, and when we talk about the separation from home and adapting to the new environment, we assume that one of the important factors could be attachment style. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between the quality of attachment and homesickness that occurs with international students, as well as the gender differences, and differences in length of stay in a foreign country. The sample included 188 students (95 girls and 93 boys) from the International University of Sarajevo. Applied instruments are Homesickness Questionnaire (Longo, 2010), and Attachment Styles Questionnaire (ASQ) (Van Oudenhoven, Hofstra and Bakker, 2003). The results showed that there is a negative correlation between the homesickness and a secure attachment and a positive correlation between the homesickness and avoidant and resisting attachment. Gender differences were found only on the subscale of secure attachment, and the differences between students of different years of study were not statistically significant.

The Importance of Achievement Goals and Attitudes Towards Education for Explaining Adolescents' Career Decision Self-Efficacy

Author(s): Andreja Bubić,Katarina Krile,Ivana Kuzman / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

Previous research has acknowledged the relevance of individuals' perception of own abilities related to the vocational domain, namely career decision self-efficacy beliefs, for their professional success. In the present study, such beliefs were examined among a group of high school seniors who are facing the process of choosing what professional path to pursue after high school. In addition, students' achievement goals and attitudes towards education were also explored. Results indicate mastery approach, performance avoidance and work avoidance goals, as well as participation in extracurricular activities and attitudes towards education, as significant predictors of career decision self-efficacy. Findings indicate the relevance of academic experiences for the development of career decision self-efficacy and provide novel evidence regarding the complex relationship between individuals' educational and vocational considerations, and may be informative for designing future vocational guidance interventions targeted at adolescents transitioning into colleges or the job market, or individuals undergoing similar occupational transitions.

Savremena psihofarmakoterapija u razvojnoj dobi

Author(s): Marija Burgić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 86/2015

Iako su psihotropni lijekovi bili glavno terapijsko sredstvo u liječenje odraslih osoba s mentalnom bolešću u proteklih pola stoljeća, upotreba ovih lijekova u liječenju djece i adolescenata s psihičkim poremećajima je mnogo kraća. Jedan od razloga je da, doskora, specifične psihijatrijske dijagnoze nisu bile dobro definisane u pedijatrijskoj populaciji.

The Correlation between Affective Temperaments and Internalizing Problems Reported by Adolescents of Age 14-18 Years

Author(s): Niman Bardhi,Mimoza Shahin / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Internalizing problems are characterized by anxiety, depressed mood, social withdrawal, and somatic complaints. Childhood internalizing problems are a concerning mental health issue due to their con-tinuity into adolescence and associated functional impairment. This study focused on studying the relation between affective temperaments and internalizing prob-lems, in a sample of adolescents in the community. There has been very little research in mental health problems in children and adolescents in Kosovo. The aim of this study was to identify the link between affective temperaments with youth psychopathology, by measuring both temperament with Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS) and youth psychopathol-ogy with Youth Self Report (YSR) in the Kosovo sample. Our study found that depressive, cyclo-thymic, anxious, and irritiative temperaments were more displayed in female respondents. Mean-while, hyperthermic temperament was not found to be reported as interrelated to gender. However, gender related differences were significant on the YSR scales, with female respondents reporting higher values on those scales. The study found that there is a significant difference between the groups with normal scores on Depressive Temperament with group with high scores for all scales of Internalizing problems. More scores in Depressive Temperament more scores in Internalizing Scales. The same tendencies were found for Cyclothimic Temperament and Anxious temperament. Hyperthermic temperament was not found to have significant effect on Anxious/ Depressed, Withdrawn, Somatic Complaints, and Social Problem. Irritative temperament was found to have significant effect only in Anxious/ Depressed F (2) = 13.1, p<.01, η2= .03. The higher scores in Anxious/ Depressed scores were found in the group with high scores in Irritative Temperament. The study concluded that temperament may only be one of several factors contributing to the de-velopment of psychopathology. This study found that the temperament, which is influenced by envi-ronment and biology, is a significant predictor for internalizing problems.

Społeczne teorie tożsamości: przegląd wybranych koncepcji.

Author(s): Kateryna Novikova / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2013

Identity represents exceptionally useful analytic category to use in social research on individuals and social communities. To exploit effectively the idea of identity in social research, one ought to re-evaluate its status in some classical and contemporary social theories. For this sake several conceptions appear in the paper. Among them there are identity conceptions by German sociologist Georg Simmel as well as American psychologist Erik Erikson. There are also conceptions by American sociologists who practised the interactionist and dramaturgical approaches: George Herbert Mead and Erving Hoffman. The conceptions are described considering the terms self and interaction, the web of group affiliations, symbols and signs in social interaction, identity as synthesis of life experiences as well as self-reflection and taking of the Other’s perspective. There are also several reasons for using the aforementioned conceptions in contemporary social research presented in the paper.

Sprawozdanie z XXII Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Psychologii Rozwojowej pt. „Społeczny kontekst rozwoju od dziecka do dorosłego” Gdańsk 26-29 maja 2013 r.

Author(s): Beata Popiołek,Krzysztof Dziurzynski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2013

Konsekwencje wychowywania się w rodzinie z problemem alkoholowym – bagaż na całe życie

Author(s): Ewa Włodarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article entitled The Consequences of Growing up in a Family with Alcohol Problems. A Lifelong Burden is dedicated to the problems of children raised by one or both parents addicted to alcohol who experience a negative impact of that situation in the area of their psychosocial functioning (in the current phase of their lives, as well as in adulthood).

Natura ludzka a różnorodność kulturowa

Author(s): Natalia Anna Łozińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

In the article I attempt to address the question what cultural diversity can teach us about human nature. Knowledge, morality and cooperation are that aspects of human life that tend to show both cultural diversity and similarity between cultures in certain respects. In the text the newest research in developmental psychology is invoked. Finally, in the article I try to asses how F. Fukuyama’s (2004) view on human nature withstand the test of cultural diversity and propose my own conclusions regarding human nature.

Antygrawitacyjne aspekty religijności człowieka

Author(s): Czesław Walesa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

Gravity is a natural force found in different dimensions. Mental gravity includes inertia, addiction, mindlessness and other similar processes or states. Anti-gravity, on the other hand, includes activity, freedom, openness, mindfulness, etc. Religiosity is a personal and positive relation of human to God. Processes of religiosity – according to its structural definition – include the following clusters of processes (parameters): (1) religious awareness, (2) religious feelings, (3) religious decisions (preferences), (4) a bond with a community of believers, (5) religious practices, (6) religious morality, (7) religious experiences, and (8) forms of confessing the faith (especially prayerful and sacrificial acts and the sense of mystery). The article is meant as an analysis of anti-gravitational processes of religiosity in the above mentioned domains. It presents a specific language about and a fragment of the language of religiosity.

Konstancka Metoda Dyskusji nad Dylematem (KMDD®) georga linda jako metoda stymulacji rozwoju kompetencji moralnej

Author(s): Małgorzata Steć / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

This article aims to present a review of the essence of and educational opportunities offered by the Konstanz Method of Dilemma-Discussion (KMDD®) by Prof. Georg Lind from the University of Konstanz. The article presents the theoretical background and methodological aspects of KMDD®, as well as its importance in processes of supporting the socio-moral and democratic development. Ways of evaluating the results of applying the method are also discussed, as well as international studies supporting its effectiveness in educational practice. KMDD® is well recognized and successfully used in more than forty countries around the world, where it supports the moral development of young people and adults by building their moral and democratic competence.

Kierowanie strumieniem świadomości. O staraniach Profesora lecha Witkowskiego o poprawne odczytania myśli Erika H. Eriksona w Polsce

Author(s): Błażej Smykowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The way a given theoretical concept is interpreted depends on several temporal perspectives. First of all, not only is it the age of the interpreter and the historical time when the interpretation takes place, but also the chronology of successive versions of the author’s ideas or their interpretations by others. Without taking those into account, the misinterpretation which could have been avoided may be mistaken with another which is impossible to avoid. Thus, a correct interpretation might be considered wrong. Allowing for time variables must result in the conclusion that a close-to-correct interpretation of a theoretical concept is available only to a mature person who has both the physical and psychological access to the content of the theory, and who has become independent from the historical actuality to a large extent.The root of this reflection is in the book Versus. About the structural duality of development phases in the ecology of life cycle in Erik H. Erikson’s psychodynamic model published by Lech Witkowski in 2015. The concept presented in the work seems a perfect example of such a dependency. Only at the last phase of his lifecycle did the author himself fully understand and synthetically describe the logic of the stage development of the ego and self identity, as well as the central content and dynamics of inner- and interstage processes.

Martwienie się młodzieży w okresie dorastania a percepcja postaw rodzicielskich

Author(s): Kamil Olszewski,Elżbieta Barbara Talik,Maria Oleś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between the tendency to worry and the perception of parental attitudes in early adolescence. A group of 103 children, aged from 13 to 15, was examined. The participants completed two tests: Anne Roe’s Parent-Child Relations Questionnaire and Bruce Chorpita’s Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children. Adolescents, girls more often than boys, worry at a moderate level. The results confirm that the intensity level of worry is associated with the perception of some parental attitudes: the more young people perceive their parents as demanding and rejecting, the more they worry. The tendency to worry is mostly associated with the rejecting mother’s attitude.

MOĆ IGRE U PODSTICANJU PSIHOLOŠKOG RAZVOJA DJECE I MLADIH

Author(s): Senija Tahirović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2016

Play is not only an enjoyable activity with which a child fills his/her free time, but it presents a very imprtant factor in promoting the psychological development of children. Playing, children learn about the world in which they live as well as about their own positon in it. Play encourages the physical, cognitive, socio-emotional and moral development of children. Relying on the research results we want to point to the changes in the way children grow up, which, inter alia, contribute to the apparent reduction of time children spend involved in play like in a free, spontaneous, creative activity together with their peers due to the time they spend at a computer in an individual activity being led by the modern media. Our objective is to raise parents’ and professionals’ awareness about the importance of play in promoting the psychosocial develeopment of children and about the possible risks to the psychological development of children if play keeps being disregarded. Play should be an important part of growing up since through it children are more likely to grow up into psychologically stable persons and valuable society members. Play is not a waste of time, but a long-term investement in children’s academic and life success.

POVEZANOST STEPENA VERBALNE KRETIVNOSTI SA ŠKOLSKIM POSTIGNUĆEM UČENIKA MLAĐE ŠKOLSKE DOBI

Author(s): Emina Talić-Hakanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2016

The subject of interest in this paper is derived from the domain of the psychology of creativity. The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between the degree of verbal creativity and school achievement of young school-age students, so that on the basis of the obtained results we might provide some guidelines as well as attempt to affect the creation of conditions for the detection, identification and development of creativity in young school-age students within regular school programs, extracurricular activities and activities outside of school. As research methods we applied the following: a method of document analysis, a descriptive-analytic survey method, while a survey and testing were used as the research techniques. The research instruments used in the study were a Questionnaire on Social/Family Background and Students’ School Performance – (SFBSSP) and a Test of Verbal Creativity. The research sample consisted of 88 young school-age students attending the third, fourth and fifth grade of nine-year long primary school, their 88 parents and 6 teachers. The results indicated that there is a correlation between the degree of verbal creativity, i.e. the overall score obtained on the Test of Verbal Creativity, including the points for both fluency and originality, and overall students’ academic achievement, but the results implied that there is no statistically significant difference between the scored points for originality and school achievement. The following conclusion was drawn: the students with the most original ideas are not excellent students.

Becoming a person. A reflexion about the common general field for the process in normal and alterate states

Author(s): Serena Veggetti M. / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2018

Reviewing some of the leading publications on the so called “difficult problem” of neuropsychology, the author critically compares it with the definition of consciousness proposed by Vygotskij and shared by the representatives of the Historical-cultural trend in psychology. This comparison seems, at the present day state of the research in general psychology, to give evidence of a better explaining by the latter, of the process of “becoming a person”, which is impaired in most clinical cases. The foundation of this process, is argued, is a general early learning dynamic which wasn’t succesfully experienced by the subject. So if Davydov was right in defining life as substantially a learning process, every intervention, wether educational or rieducational or clinical, hat to refer to this dynamic.

Jakość życia osób dorosłych z zaburzeniami integracji sensorycznej

Author(s): Hanna Kozakiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2023

The purpose of this article is to characterize the quality of life as assessed bysurveyed adults with sensory integration disorders in the dimensions of values, goals andmotivation. The biographies of the subjects prove that one does not grow out of senso-ry integration disorders. Undiagnosed children become adults and sensory processingdysfunctions affect development not only in childhood, but also in adulthood. The mainproblem, the solution to which the conducted research served, took the form of the fol-lowing question: how do adults with sensory integration disorders assess the quality oftheir lives? This question allowed the following specific questions to emerge: What valuesguide the respondents in their lives, which values have priority for them? What areas oflife, and to what extent, satisfy the respondents? How do sensory integration disordersaffect the respondents’ assessment of their quality of life? What is the role of the diag-nosis of sensory disorders in assessing the quality of life of respondents diagnosed withdysfunctions in middle adulthood? The qualitative research approach made it possible toaddress topics that go beyond what is objective and measurable. The individual case studyallowed for the phenomenon under study to be described and analysed.