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Окислительная модификация гемоглобина изолированных эритроцитов в инкубационной среде, содержащей нитрит натрия и селенит натрия

Author(s): Sevinc Yavus Huseynova,Rugiya Tairaga Guliyeva,Mursal Zubail Dadashov,Ahverdi İsmail Jafarov,Florida Radik Yahyaeva,Tokai Maharram Huseynov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2016

The article considers the influence of sodium nitrite and sodium selenite, with their joint and single effect on the processes of haemoglobin oxidation (Hb), lipid peroxidation (LPO), an-tioxidant (AO) enzymes – glutathione peroxidase (GP) and catalase in human erythrocytes in vitro. It was found that nitrites have a significant effect on the oxidative processes in red blood cells and Hb, and sodium selenite reduces the development of the nitritinducted oxidative processes in red blood cells and formation of methemoglobin (MetHb) by 25–40 %. Sodium nitrite, which significant influences on the oxidative processes of Hb, does not lead to a appreciable increase the POL in erythrocytes. Under the influence of nitrite a is undergoing minor changes of activity AO enzyme GP (20–30 %), while the catalase activity in all cases falls significantly (1.5–2 times). Nitrites in the incubation medium also lead to an increase in the concentrations of membrane binding oxyhemoglobin and MetHb and sodium selenite inhibits this process in the incubation medium.

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SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AS COGNITIVE RISK FACTORS FOR SUICIDE AMONG CANCER PATIENTS

Author(s): Lenče Miloševa,Vladimir Milošev,Roza Arsova,Svetlana Jovevska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The aim of this study is twofold. The first aim is to investigate whether we can use the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), translated on Macedonian language, item 9 in order to screen passive suicidal thoughts. The second aim is to describe the nature of „better to be death thoughts or hurting own self in some way“ reported with structure clinical interviews carried out in order to further asses passive suicidal thoughts of cancer patients, who hade endorsed item 9 of this scale. The data were collected from Department of maxillofacial surgery, Clinical Hospital, Stip, Macedonia, during the period june 2014 - june 2016. The final survey sample consists of 122 patients (66 % female and 34% male) aged 19-70 years. Inclusive criteria: patients were diagnosed with cancer in maxillofacial region. We applied Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and structured clinical interview. Two weeks after they become familiar with the diagnose they filled up PHQ-9 scale, and after four weeks clinical interviews were carried out. The reliability (Cronbach`s alpha) for the PHQ-9 scale translated on Macedonian language and sample was good (alpha > 0.85). We found that patients with diagnosed cancer who endorsed „passive suicide ideas item 9“ were more likely to have suicidal thoughts which were described latter on during clinical interview. We analyzed thoughts reported by patients in the frame of modified categories of suicidality. Of 67 (54.92%) of patients who endorsed item 9 with „yes“, the highest percentige was in category with passive suicidal thoughts 39 (58.21%). Due to the limitation of this study, more studies are needed in future.

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COGNITION AND SUICIDE: EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY

Author(s): Lenče Miloševa,Vladimir Milošev,Kneginja Rihter / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The aim of this review paper is to show an overview of the empirical evidence of effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in reducing suicidal cognitions and suicidal behavior. The topic of suicidal cognition and suicidal behavior is of special importance to clinicians and practitioners. Analyses of empirical findings from the oldest, first systematic review and meta-analysis and the newest one shown that there not enough evidence from clinical trials to suggest that CBT focusing on mental illness reduces suicidal cognitions and behaviors. But, from the other hand, CBT focusing on suicidal cognitions and suicidal behaviors was found to be effective. Taking into consideration the effectiveness of this psychotherapy, we can conclude that it is preferable for clinicians to be trained in working with CBT techniques focused on suicidal cognition and behavior that are independent of treatment of mental disorders. In addition, it is necessary to initiate new research that will make it possible to create preventive and interventional programs dedicated to reducing the risk of suicide.

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Razvoj i psihometrijske karakteristike ček-liste životnih događaja za procenu stresora kod studenata u Srbiji (SLEC-SF)

Author(s): Milica Lazić,Vesna Gavrilov Jerković,Veljko Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

The main goal of the present research was to examine the predictive and convergent validity of the newly developed Serbian Life Events Check-list – Student Form (SLEF-SF; Gavrilov-Jerković, Žuljević, Jovanović i Brdarić, 2012). The SLEC-SF consists of 54 life events, experienced over a 6-month period. Participants rate the valence (positive or negative) and intensity of each event. Data from four waves of an 18-month longitudinal study were used in the present research (the sample size ranges from 787 to 1061 undergraduate students). The average number of total life events reported by participants over a 6-month period was in a range between 3.91 and 4.78, with negative life events being more frequent (range between 2.89 and 3.61). The relationship between the total number of negative life events and subjective well-being indicators was stronger when measured at the same point in time, as compared with the prospective relationships. In addition, the relationship between dependent stressful life events and subjective well-being was stronger than the relationship between independent stressful life events and subjective well-being when measured cross-sectionally, but not when measured prospectively. The advantages and limitations of the scale, as well as the recommendations for future research were discussed in the paper.

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FLEXIBLE RATIONALITY AS A COGNITIVE MODEL

Author(s): Svetlana Masalova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

The paper considers a flexible rationality as a new category of postnonclassical science that reveals the correlation of rational and irrational in cognition. As leading in the construction of a methodology for the cognitive modeling of the flexible rationality author selected cognitive-discursive and experiential approaches. "Cognitive matrix" of the cognizing subject is represented by the linguistic means (cognition, concept, category) - the linguistic form of the flexible rationality. Fulfilling the role of the cognitive "tools", the linguistic structures demonstrate the integrity of the perception and meaning system of the cognizing subject as onticaly holistic bearer of the flexible rationality in the unity of the anthropological and socio-cultural specifics.

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Predikcija namere žena u srbiji da traže profesionalnu psihološku pomoć

Author(s): Jelena Šakotić-Kurbalija,Biljana Trifunović,Marija Zotović Kostić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2016

The goal of the research was to explore the extent to which stressful life events, availability of informal psychological support and coping strategies contribute to readiness of women in Serbia to look for the professional psychological help. The data were collected from the sample consisting of 2206 women aged from 19 to 76, with different sociodemographic characteristics, which were statistically controlled in the research. The intention for the professional help seeking was operationalised by inquiring about past experience and plans for support seeking in the future (Šakotić-Kurbalija, 2011). The Survey of Life Events (Bradbury, 1990; modified by Šakotić-Kurbalija, 2011) was used for registering stressful life events and the Brief COPE (Carver, 1997) for exploring coping strategies. The following sociodemographic data were collected using a questionnaire: age, employment status, subjective assessment of monthly income of the family, educational level, birth order, number of children in the family and number of family members. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that predictors and the criterion are in correlation which is statistically significant, but the amount of the variance explained is relatively low. Significant predictors of intention for the professional help seeking were: number of stressful events in the past year, proneness for substance abuse, tendency for seeking instrumental support, educational level and religiousness. Denial was also significant predictor, but the correlation was negative. A small correlation with the criterion is registered for absence of informal psychological support, amount of positive stress, monthly income and age.

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Association of attachment disorganization, attachment-related emotion regulation, and cortisol response after standardized psychosocial stress procedure: A pilot study

Author(s): Katja Petrowski,Andrea Beetz,Susan Schurig,Gloria-Beatrice Wintermann,Anna Buchheim / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Attachment representations are related to maintaining biological homeostasis, including physiological stress and emotional regulation. Therefore, recent research has focused on attachment stress regulation and hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity. However, the attachment disorganization underlying emotion regulation associated with the HPA axis response has not yet been investigated. In our study, the attachment representation and the HPA-axis reactivity by cortisol level before and after the Trier Social Stress Test were assessed in a sample of 98 healthy non-clinical subjects. As expected, approximately 30% of this sample showed a disorganized attachment representation. The subjects’ unresolved attachment (breakdown of emotional regulation) showed a prolonged cortisol recovery. No differences were found between the attachment patterns in the increase and the delta of the cortisol response. However, the cortisol reactivity differed significantly for the occurrence of emotional regulation. The subjects with a high occurrence of attachment-related emotion regulation showed a higher cortisol response than the subjects with an unresolved attachment and the ones with a low occurrence of attachment-related emotion regulation. Regulating the negative emotions of stressful situations may require more attention as it might lead to an increased activation of the physiological system.

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The Relationships Between Triarchic Psychopathic Traits and Value Orientations in Men and Women

Author(s): Tajana Ljubin-Golub,Katarina Sokić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

This study was aimed to explore the relationship between triarchically conceptualized psychopathic traits and different value orientations. Participants were 180 male and 216 female Croatian university students. Self-report data were collected by using the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) and Value Orientation Scale. As predicted, meanness was negatively related to conventional and self-realization value orientation, and positively to hedonistic value orientation in both men and women, thus suggesting that meanness is the central component of psychopathy operating similarly across gender. Additionally, the results revealed some gender differences in the role of triarchic psychopathy components in value acquisition. In women's sample only, hedonistic value orientation was related to higher boldness and higher disinhibition. Only in men's sample, several interactions were found between psychopathic components predicting value orientations. The negative effect of disinhibition on self-realization and conventional values was more pronounced when associated with high boldness. In addition, the negative effect of disinhibition on the acquisition of self-realization values emerged only under the high meanness conditions, while the opposite trend was demonstrated for low meanness condition. Thus, gender moderated some of the psychopathy-values relationship, although this effect was small.

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Contemporary Health Psychology from a Critical Perspective

Author(s): Ljubiša Zlatanović / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2017

Although there is a diversity of scientific trends and tendencies within health psychology, it could be said that this discipline of psychology consists of two main and clearly different approaches: the dominant approach of traditional (“mainstream”) health psychology and the recently developed but growing approach of “critical” health psychology. In line with this contention, in the focus of attention of this article are the current state and the newer critical trends in theory, research and practice of contemporary health psychology. The main aims of the article are the following: (1) to present the key points of difference between these two distinct approaches to health psychology, emphasizing the central conceptual and methodological developments within critical health psychology; (2) to indicate the reasons for critical rethinking existing health psychology; and (3) to suggest that critical alternative approaches are an important contribution to the further development of contemporary health psychology as an academic discipline.

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SITUACIONI ČINIOCI AFEKTIVNOG STANJA – AFEKTIVNE PROMENE TOKOM MIROVANJA I INDUKCIJE AFEKTA

Author(s): Jelena Sokić,Ivana Milinković,Zdenka Novović,Mikloš Biro / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2017

Most of the cognitive theories suggest that depressive mood oc-curs in response to stressful, even low-intensity, environmental events, while the assumptions of recent neurobiological models center around the idea that depressive mood can be elicited in the absence of any external stimuli. The goal of this study was to examine the assumptions stemming from two different theo-retical perspectives, regarding contribution of different situational aspects which could lead to the changes in current emotional sta-tus in vulnerable individuals, and eventually to the development of depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 72 participants, average age of 25 (SD = 4.18), of which 75.3% were females. In the first group (N = 36), the standard procedure of mood induction with music was applied, while in the other group (N = 36) the pro-cedure of behavioral resting state was used. Our results showed that both procedures led to the changes of current emotional status. Moreover, the interaction effect of experimental condition, time, and vulnerability level was significant. Both experimental conditions led to the significant decrease in positive affect, re-gardless of vulnerability level. However, in the resting condition, vulnerable participants reported somewhat higher negative affect. The results are partially in line with the cognitive theories, but also support the assumptions that resting state can provide ideal con-ditions for focusing on maladaptive cognitions.

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PSIHOMETRIJSKA EVALUACIJA SRPSKE ADAPTACIJE INDEKSA SENZITIVNOSTI NA SIMPTOME ANKSIOZNOSTI (ASI-3)

Author(s): Marija Volarov,Milan Oljača,Ljiljana Mihić,Petar Čolović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2017

The main purpose of this study was to investigate validity and psychometric properties of the third revision of Anxiety Sensitiv-ity Index (ASI-3) in a sample of general population from Serbia. Total sample was comprised of 553 participants of both gender aged 18–60 years (82.1% female). Results from Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicated that a bifactor model with one general factor of general anxiety sensitivity and three specific fac-tors (physical, cognitive, and social concerns) had the best fit to empirical data. IRT results (2PL model) led to a conclusion that the ASI-3 items are relatively difficult. In other words, this ques-tionnaire has better measurement performance in individuals with moderate and high trait levels. The ASI-3 also showed excellent convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. Several items with poor performance within general population were identified (low information and discrimination parameters value, but high difficulty parameter value). Finally, its predictive power was dem-onstrated above and beyond Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS; Anxiety). Our results are consistent with earlier findings consider-ing the bifactor structure of the ASI-3, and provide support for the theoretical assumption that anxiety sensitivity is a unique con-struct. Research and clinical implications were discussed.

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PSİKOLOJİK TRAVMANIN İNSANLIK KADAR ESKİ TARİHİ

Author(s): Yener Özen / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2017

Severe events that can not be wiped out in life cause great fear, helplessness and weakness to emerge. It affects the feelings, thoughts and mood of those who have experienced trauma for a long time. Such events are called "traumatic conditions" or "trauma". After a trauma, the human receives mental, partly physical injuries. The world of a person who has experienced trauma changes, and now nothing comes to him as an old one. Physical injuries can be seen and treated by doctors. However, spiritual injuries do not occur and are therefore often not treated. This gives great suffering to those who have experienced trauma; such as tension, soreness, sleep disturbance, fear states or depression. "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder" (PTSD) has been admitted as a diagnosis in 1980 with the publication of DSM-III. It was the first diagnosis which determined trauma as a cause of psychiatric disorders. The psychological consequences of trauma studies in psychiatry were influenced by many political and cultural processes. The studies of trauma had a history of cycle including the pauses for a long time and starts with a traumatic process. The studies finished with the omission of the traumatic process. The history of trauma had an interesting story in psychiatry which is an example demonstrating the big changes of psychiatric diseases.

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Internet and Mental Health of Adolescents

Author(s): Jelena Opsenica-Kostić,Tanja Panić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

Today's generations of adolescents have grown up with information and communication technologies which have a significant place in their lives. One of the important issues in this context is the relation between the Internet and the mental health of adolescents. The first topic that this paper deals with, is the relationship between the use of the Internet and mental health, and the other is related to the planned use of the Internet for the purpose of improving wellbeing. The most common activity of young people on the Internet is social networking. Online social networks can positively affect wellbeing through facilitating self-disclosing and the availability of social support. Such findings from empirical research support the ideas of theories that emphasize the positive aspects of online relating. However, social networks (and online communication in general) can also have significant negative effects on the mental health of adolescents, if they are exposed to cyberbullying. The second topic of the paper is the planned use of the Internet for the purpose of improving mental health. To young people (and to members of other age groups, as well) online support groups are the most accessible nowadays, aimed at supporting a group of people with a common problem or life challenge. These forums are most often text-based and this kind of communication has a number of potential benefits for users. It is also possible to organize online interventions that promote mental health and prevent its deterioration. Research shows that online skill-based interventions can have a positive impact on adolescent mental health. The results of the online prevention interventions indicate the encouraging evidence concerning computerized cognitive behavioral therapy interventions and their impact on adolescent's anxiety and depression symptoms. Although it contains potentially negative aspects, the Internet has a positive significance and potential for the development of adolescents.

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Beliren yetişkinlik ve kayıp yaşantıları: Bağlanma temelli zihinsel temsiller ve psikolojik belirtilerin incelenmesi: Beliren Yetişkinlik ve Kayıp Yaşantıları

Author(s): Gizem Cesur,Sezin Başbuğ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

The aim of this study is to examine the psychological symptoms and Attachment-Based Mental Representations of university students who experienced the death of first and second-degree relatives or the break-up of their romantic relationships. The sample consisted of 122 female and 102 male students. The age of the participants ranged between 18 and 29 with a mean of 21.31 years (SD = 1.90). Demo- graphic Information Form, Brief Symptom Inventory and Attachment-Based Mental Representation Scale were used to collect data. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results showed that there was no significant difference on Attachment-Based Mental Representations among the groups. There- fore, all groups are assumed to be homogeneous in terms of attachment-based mental representations. To compare psychological symptom levels of the groups, ANOVA was also conducted. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the groups who lost their second-degree relatives and who break-up their romantic relationship. However, there was no significant differences between the groups who lost their first-degree relatives and who break-up their romantic relationships. Regression analysis revealed that negative self-representation and negative father-representation significantly predicted psychological symptoms of the group who experienced the break-up. Consequently, break-up of the romantic relationship is quite important for emerging adulthood. In addition, current study revealed that negative self-representation and negative father-representation of adolescents who experienced the break-up led to the risk factors for psychological symptoms.

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Üstbilişsel perspektiften depresyon ve tedavisi üzerine bir derleme: Üstbilişsel Perspektiften Depresyon

Author(s): Volkan Koç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

Depression has continued to be a major and prevalent mental health problem. Though standard interventions for depression are pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, recurring depression still constitutes a major problem. Metacognition studies that have become widespread in clinical psychology recently have focused on recurring depression and depressive rumination. The term “metacognition” that was firstly introduced approximately four decades ago, and related studies created new perspectives in various fields. Metacognition is defined as the awareness of the individual regarding her/his own cognition and provides insight in understanding depression. It emphasizes not only to cognitive content but also cognitive processes of the individual. In this re- view, how depression is approached in clinical psychology from a metacognitive perspective and how this information is used for treatment were indicated. Furthermore, in a period that new intervention methods for depression are sought, promising aspects of metacognition studies in regard to psychotherapy and psychopathology were also discussed. In this context, in addition to the possibility of metacognitive methods to be used to support the existing therapy models, its potential as a separate therapeutic intervention method was also discussed.

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Construction and psychometric evaluation of a short form of the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire

Author(s): Irena Stojković,Bojan Dučić,Svetlana Kaljača,Mirjana V. Đorđević / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) represents a group of personality traits expressed in limitations in social relations and pragmatic speech dimension, and rigid behavior. The Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) measures personality traits which are crucial in defining the BAP. In the present research, three studies were conducted with the general aim to create a short form of the BAPQ. Study 1 was carried out to determine the factor structure of the BAPQ in a sample of 501 students and to select items for the short form. Obtained components: Aloofness, Rigidity, and Pragmatics, corresponding to the structure of the instrument proposed by authors, accounted for 26.61% of variance. Study 2 was conducted to examine factor structure of the BAPQ short form (BAPQ-SF), in a sample of 298 students. This solution explained 45.76% of the total variance. The aim of Study 3 was to determine psychometric characteristics of the BAPQ-SF in a sample of students (N = 294). Three-factor model of the BAPQ-SF was confirmed. Correlations of the BAPQ-SF with the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and the Delta 10 suggest convergent and discriminant validity of the BAPQ-SF.

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Secondary traumatic stress in Turkish aid workers: Adaptation of a measure and investigation of secondary traumatic stress

Author(s): Ayla Kahil,Nejla Refia Palabıyıkoğlu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

This study aims to investigate the secondary traumatic stress symptoms of aid workers who care for trauma victims as part of their jobs or as volunteers. To this end, Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale was adapted to Turkish and implemented to 228 professional and voluntary aid workers. Data were analyzed with respect to participants’ type of work (being either a professional or a volunteer aid worker), sex, age, education level, years spent at recruitment, presence of a traumatic incident, and type of traumatic incident. Analyses revealed that professional aid workers experienced more traumatic stress symptoms compared to volunteer aid workers. Furthermore, it was found that participants who had been working for between 11 and 15 years experienced more traumatic stress symptoms than those who had been working for between 1 and 5 years. These findings indicate that aid workers who had experienced an incident that they consider as traumatic showed more secondary traumatic stress symptoms as opposed to those who had not experienced a traumatic incident. Notably, no significant difference was found between participants who were exposed to the traumatic incident indirectly due to their work and participants who experienced the traumatic incident in their personal lives. This finding points out that exposure to a secondary traumatic incident leads to similar responses and experiences with direct exposure.

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Structure of self-schemas in patients with paranoia

Author(s): Ljiljana Mihić,Zdenka Novović,David Dozois,Richard Bentall,Tanja Petrović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Negative self-schemas have been implicated in both paranoia and depression. There is a lack of research on the structural characteristics of self-schemas, even though these characteristics might be stable risk factors. The present study explored organization of positive and negative self-schemas in currently non-depressed individuals with persistent delusional disorder (PD), currently depressed individuals with persistent delusional disorder (PDD), and nonpsychiatric controls (NC). Self-schema consolidation was measured via the Psychological Distance Scaling Task. Within the interpersonal domain, negative selfschemas were more densely organized in PDD compared to both PD and NC. Both patient groups had less interconnected positive interpersonal schemas than controls. Within the achievement domain, PDD demonstrated less consolidated positive achievement schemas than NC and greater interconnectedness among negative adjectives than PD. Central limitation includes a small sample size. The findings point to an existence of at least two self-schema organizations in paranoid individuals.

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ПСИХО-ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ СЕКСУАЛЬНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ В ПОЖИЛОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ И РАННЯЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА НАРУШЕНИЙ ПОЛОВОЙ СФЕРЫ

Author(s): Svetlana Maislavivna Bondarevici / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2018

In the article the analysis of psikho-physiological parameters of sek-sual’ activity is conducted at the persons of superannuated with the purpose of selection of integral parametr as for early diagnostics of violations of sexual sphere so, moment of the begining forming of early functional violations. It is rotined that sexual aktivity infl uences on duration of able to work age, promotes ncrease threshold of long-liver and provides valuable quality of life of sear and yellow of man.

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МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА: ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫЙ ПАРАМЕТР КРОВИ В РАННЕЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ПСИХОСОМАТИЧЕСКИХ НАРУШЕНИЙ ЧЕЛОВЕКА

Author(s): Svetlana Maislavivna Bondarevici / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-2/2018

It has been performed the analysis of diagnostic methods of psychosomatic disorders. It was proposed the methods of diagnostic process optimization of early dysfunctions of physiological state parameters offered by on the single integral physiological parameter of blood system.

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