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Плес као израз активне имагинације: уметнички, психолошки и психотерапијски аспекти

Author(s): Maja S. Vukadinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 155-156/2016

This paper is focused on understanding the phenomenon of dance in an artistic, psychological and psychotherapeutic context. It deals with the differences in the dance: 1) when it exists in artistic context oriented to the product – artwork; and 2) when it exists in the context of psychotherapy directed towards the psychological process of a person. Framework of Carl Gustav Jung’s analytical psychology served as a reference point in understanding the difference. The paper discussed the archetypal nature of the dance, its psychotherapeutic potential, as well as various artistic, psychological and psychotherapeutic aspects of dance when it is manifested as an expression of active imagination.

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Ideologiekritik und Psychiatrie. Antoni Kępińskis Arbeiten zum KZ-Syndrom

Author(s): Manuel Willer / Language(s): German Issue: 28/2016

Antoni Kępiński's work on the KZ syndrome has not been so far a subject of thorough scientific research. In this paper Kępiński's work is investigated regarding two aspects of this problematic. In addition to questions concerning the patient-doctor relationship in psychiatry, the article focuses on the possible extension of the subject area of psychiatry. Kępiński's work suggests important conclusions at this point. Many psychiatric disorders, but especially the symptom complex of the KZ syndrome, are not only the result of individual experiences but also the individual values and the individual view of the patient on his suffering. This requires a high ethical competence of the physician. In addition, the example of the KZ syndrome demonstrates the effects that social formation can have on the individual psyche. Psychiatry must therefore tackle questions that extend its existing subject area.

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ULOGA USAMLJENOSTI U RELACIJI ZDRAVLJA I SUBJEKTIVNOG BLAGOSTANJA U STAROSTI

Author(s): Nikolija Rakočević,Vesna Gavrilov Jerković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2017

Loneliness is a construct which faces a growth of scientific atten-tion in dealing with the elderly population. Although old people loose objectively numerous close or distant relations in this phase of life, loneliness is considered to be a result of a person’s sub-jective evaluation. When it comes to the relation of health and subjective well-being in old age, results of previous studies have been inconsistent. This research explored the manner loneliness influences the relation between old persons’ health and their level of subjective well-being. The sample consisting of 204 elderly person from the Republic of Serbia was collected during the sec-ond half of 2014. 121 participants of the total sample were female (59.3%), ranging from 65 to 92 years of age (М = 72.57). Two measures of health status (objective and subjective), individual cognitive and affective indicators of subjective well-being (life sat-isfaction, positive affect, negative affect, and distress) as well as measure of loneliness were administered at the same time point. Eight hierarchical regression analyses were performed on the collected data with indicators of health as predictors and loneli-ness as moderator. The results suggest that loneliness presents a significant deteriorating factor of good adaptation in old age. While exploring moderational roles of loneliness, only one signifi-cant interaction was gained (β = .23, p < .01). Loneliness dem-onstrated an interactive effect with the subjective assessment of health when it comes to evaluation of life satisfaction in the elderly. People who assessed themselves as unhealthy reported lower life satisfaction but only if they demonstrated high levels of loneliness, while this relation did not reach a level of significance if people did not perceive themselves as lonely.

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Fear of Negative Evaluation and Social Anxiety in the Context of the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory

Author(s): Kristina Ranđelović,Jelena Želeskov-Đorić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

The main goal of this research paper is to examine the predictive power of personality traits in relation to fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety. The revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST) postulates the existence of three major personality systems – Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS), Behavioural Activation System (BAS), and Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS). In order to assess the personality traits, the Reinforcement Sensitivity Questionnaire was used (RSQ). Fear of negative evaluation was assessed using the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale – Brief form (FNE-B), while social anxiety evaluation was obtained by Social Anxiety Scale (SA2). The sample consisted of 222 psychology students engaged in 1st and 2nd year of studies at the University of Niš and the University of Novi Sad. In order to respond to the research questions, two separate multiple regression analyses were performed. In both analyses, personality traits were the predictors, while the differences were linked to the criteria variables – Model1 – fear of negative evaluation, and Model2 – social anxiety. Both models were statistically significant. According to the results, Fear of negative evaluation model explains a total of 41% of the criteria variance, while Social anxiety model explains 46% of the criteria variance. In both models, BIS stands out as the statistically significant and the best predictor. When comparing the results of both models, the differences relate to the second significant predictor. Namely, Fight response stands out in the first model, while Freeze response stands out in the second one. The obtained findings are discussed and interpreted in the context of rRST.

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Atsparumo psichologinei traumai vidinių veiksnių teorinė analizė

Author(s): Ruth Reches,Jolanta Sondaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2014

Scientific Problem. The study of the phenomenon of resilience to trauma within the framework of positive psychology has been started relatively recently and has received quite controversial evaluations. Some scientists recognize the resilience to trauma as a feature, whilst the others – as a process or even as a result. All researchers agree that there are internal and external resilience factors which help in coping with trauma. Scientists distinguish different internal resilience factors. A more thorough analysis of the concept of the psychological trauma resilience and the empirical research could help to transform the theoretical knowledge into practical methods more effectively, such as creation of interventional and preventive programmes for psychological resilience to trauma. Research Subject. The research subject is the internal factors of resilience to trauma. Goals of the Research. Goals of the research include to carry out a critical review of the concept of the internal factors of resilience to psychological trauma, integrate the ideas arising from the empirical research results related to the internal factors of resilience. Research Method. The method of theoretical analysis, i.e. comparison and summarizing of scientific literature and interpretation of data, has been applied by the author. Results and Conclusions. The analysis of the empirical research based upon different theoretical paradigms and related to the internal psychological factors of resilience to trauma allowed distinguishing the following internal factors of resilience to trauma: hardiness, ego-resilience, self-esteem, self-image, control, hope, attachment. Also, it allowed determining that the factors distinguished may be of three different types: 1) factors that help to overcome the trauma; 2) factors protecting from the adverse effects of the trauma; 3) factors helping to accept a traumatic event as a challenge and an opportunity to grow.

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Changes in sleep quality while using a p-blocker with a 1 adrenolytic action and an organic nitrate - analysis of a treatment regimen

Author(s): Magdalena Bîrsan,Carmen-Valerica Ripa,Ana-Caterina Cristofor,Veronica Bild / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

Insomnia can trigger bad mood, irritability, anxiety, fatigue, concentration problems and can affect a person`s social and professional performance. It can appear rarely and transiently in healthy people, but frequently it is as a symptom correlated with psychiatric disorders or other kind of medical conditions (most often accompanied by pain). An important cause of insomnia, that should not be neglected is the medication used for different medical disorders, like asthma and high blood pressure. One of the drugs that has been used in this case report is Carvedilol, a nonselective beta blocker agent with α1 blocking activity. It is used for treatment of high blood pressure and angina, as well in the therapy of congestive heart failure, leading to an improvement of the heart function. The administration of Carvedidol was followed by the onset of insomnia. Although several sedatives were introduced next to anti-high blood pressure medication, in order to eliminate the sleep problem, the improvement of the sleep quality was unsatisfactory. Another drug co-adminstered was Nitroglycerine, which might also have been a trigger for insomnia due to its vasodilatation mechanism.

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Şiddet İçeren ve İçermeyen Suç Davranışları Ölçeğinin (ŞİSDÖ) Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması: Şiddet İçeren ve İçermeyen Suç Davranışları

Author(s): Merve Koçak,Ayşegül Durak Batıgün / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

The main purpose of the current study is to investigate the reliability and validity of the “Non- Violent and Violent Offending Behavior Scale” (NVOBS) in a non-clinical population in Turkey. Moreover, it aimed to examine the scale in terms of demographic variables, such as gender and educational level. The sample of the study consisted of 137 (55.9%) females and 108 males (44.1%), 245 participants in total. The age range was 20 and 40 years, while the mean age was 28.66 (SD = 5.70). In addition to NVOBS, Multidimensional Anger Scale (MAS) was also used for criterion-related validity. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a three- factor solution to be appropriate for the scale. The three factors were named as “Intimate Partner Violence” (Cronbach α = .88), “General Violence” (Cronbach α = .94) and “Nonviolent Crimes” (Cronbach α = .76). The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that three-factor structure was valid and model fit indices indicated acceptable fit (χ2/sd = 4.39, CFI = .81, GFI = .81, RMR = .01, RMSEA = .08, ECVI = 4.91< 19.63). The reliability and validity values of the scale were satisfactory.

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Çocukluk döneminde sosyal kaygının gelişiminde ebeveyn kabul-red algısı: Otomatik düşüncelerin aracı rolü: Ebeveyn Kabul-Red ve Sosyal Kaygı

Author(s): Gözde Tezcan,Gülsen Erden,İbrahim Yiğit / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

Children’s perception of parental rejection has negatively influenced their psychological adjustment and functioning. Further, this perception of rejection is assumed to have an effect on their cognitions about self and the world. The main purpose of the present study is to examine the mediating role of automatic thoughts in the relationship between maternal rejection and social anxiety. The sample consisted of 389 fifth-grade students (211 girls, 178 boys) from various elementary schools in Ankara. The participants completed Demographic Information Form, Child/Adolescent Parental Acceptance- Rejection Questionnaire: Mother, Cognitive Triad Inventory for Children and Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised. Findings of the path analysis showed that negative automatic thoughts significantly mediated the relationship between perceived coldness, neglect and undifferentiated rejection from mother, and social anxiety. In other words, as long as the maternal rejection increases, negative thoughts about self, future and the world increase so does social anxiety. Moreover, girls scored higher than boys in terms of undifferentiated rejection and negative thoughts. That maternal rejection triggers cognitive mechanisms and leads to vulnerability for social anxiety may contribute to theoretical and practical understanding in order to increase children’s social functioning.

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Şizofreninin tekrarlanmasında ailede duygu dışavurumunun önemi ve sonuçları üzerine bir derleme: Şizofrenide Nüks ve Duygu Dışavurumu

Author(s): İpek Şenkal Ertürk,Burcu Kömürcü / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with high relapse rates, which is generally chronic and may result in deterioration in social and cognitive functioning. It is thought that attitudes and behaviors of caregivers and families who are in contact with patients with schizophrenia have a significant role in the course of schizophrenia. Expressed emotion is considered a significant psychosocial predictor of relapse in psychotic disorders. High expressed emotion is commonly observed among relatives of patients with schizophrenia. When the association between schizophrenia and family is considered from the historical point of view, it appears that most researchers, advocating psychological theory, regard the family as an important cause of the disorder. However, it is thought that this point of view, which regards family members as an important cause of the disorder, may lead to a failure to understand the related relationship and agree with the family in the solution of the disorder. The aim of the present study is to examine the role of expressed emotion of the family in the course and relapse of schizophrenia and to offer suggestions for reducing relapse rates by compiling related research findings.

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Therapist-delivered and self-help interventions for gambling problems: A review of contents

Author(s): Simone Rodda,Stephanie S. Merkouris,Charles Abraham,David C. Hodgins,Sean Cowlishaw,Nicki A. Dowling / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Background and aims: To date, no systematic approach to identifying the content and characteristics of psychological interventions used to reduce gambling or problem gambling has been developed. This study aimed to develop a reliable classification system capable of identifying intervention characteristics that could, potentially, account for greater or lesser effectiveness. Methods: Intervention descriptions were content analyzed to identify common and differentiating characteristics. A coder manual was developed and applied by three independent coders to identify the presence or absence of defined characteristics in 46 psychological and self-help gambling interventions. Results: The final classification taxonomy, entitled Gambling Intervention System of CharacTerization (GIST), included 35 categories of intervention characteristics. These were assigned to four groups: (a) types of change techniques (18 categories; e.g., cognitive restructuring and relapse prevention), (b) participant and study characteristics (6 categories; e.g., recruitment strategy and remuneration policy), and (c) characteristics of the delivery and conduct of interventions (11 categories; e.g., modality of delivery and therapist involvement), and (d) evaluation characteristics (e.g., type of control group). Interrater reliability of identification of defined characteristics was high (κ = 0.80– 1.00). Discussion: This research provides a tool that allows systematic identification of intervention characteristics, thereby enabling consideration, not only of whether interventions are effective or not, but also of which domainrelevant characteristics account for greater or lesser effectiveness. The taxonomy also facilitates standardized description of intervention content in a field in which many diverse interventions have been evaluated. Conclusion: Application of this coding tool has the potential to accelerate the development of more efficient and effective therapist-delivered and self-directed interventions to reduce gambling problems.

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GLOSA DO WYROKU SĄDU NAJWYŻSZEGO SYGN. AKT V CSK 709/15

Author(s): Anna Lisowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 83/2018

This article was a commentary on the judgments of the Regional Court and Court of Appeal, issued in the case of marriage annulment brought by M. Z. against J. Z., where the defendant had suffered from paranoid schizophrenia and hid this fact from her future husband. The publication contained arguments questioning the validity of the decision issued by Court of First Instance. In addition, the article set forth premises approving of the ruling of Court of Second Instance.

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Attachment and Posttraumatic Symptomatology Following Physical Injury Accidents

Author(s): Florian Juen,Verena Rattensberger,Anna Buchheim / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

This study investigates the association between attachment and posttraumatic symptoms in adults immediately after a physical injury accident (assessed after 1 week and 3 months). We expect to find higher percentage of attachment dysregulation and higher symptomatic response (BSI and PDS) of disorganized individuals. We introduce Personal Experience as a representational marker for high attachment anxiety and preoccupation with one’s own distress that blurs and potentially dissolves the capacity to maintain self-other boundaries under stress. 65 patients were administered the Adult attachment Projective Picture System. Results show that attachment disorganization appears more frequent than in healthy individuals and is related to stronger symptomatology. Personal Experience showed good prediction for symptoms after 3 months. This could be important to identify individuals in need for crisis intervention support.

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Attachment disorganization in different clinical groups: what underpins unresolved attachment?

Author(s): Florian Juen,Lisa Arnold,Dominik Meissner,Tobias Nolte,Anna Buchheim / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

This paper summarizes findings and clinical implications of research on attachment disorganization in diverse clinical groups. Disorganized/unresolved attachment is overrepresented in these groups compared to healthy control participants, but disorder-specific characteristics of this attachment pattern are still poorly understood. The focus of this study was to explore defensive processes in participants whose narratives were classified as disorganized/unresolved using the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP). Besides the predominance of disorganized attachment, clinical participants demonstrated more “segregated system material” especially in stories representing aloneness and more “Personal Experience material” compared to healthy individuals. Within the disorganized/ unresolved clinical individuals, BPD and PTSD patients showed the highest proportion of attachment disorganization and were less able to use other attachment-related defenses to maintain organized. Furthermore, PTSD patients were emotionally overwhelmed by the projective attachment scenes compared to the other clinical groups as indexed by an incapacity to complete sections of the AAP. BPD and addicted patients were characterized by a high degree of self-other boundary confusion. Depressive and schizophrenic patients showed a high overall defensive intensity to remain organized.

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Metodološki problemi u istraživanjima Rorschach metodom

Author(s): Dragana Đurić-Jočić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2007

Comprehensive System of Rorschach interpretation is considered as nomotetic system that makes possible using of projective method in research projects. However, research use of Rorschach method besides of appropriate knowledge of assign procedures and interpretation rules, means a knowledge of specific methodological issues. The Rorschach indicators are nor independent, as they are a part of specific net, so in some research it is necessary to control basic variables not to get artifacts in our research. This is basically relied on researches where we compare groups, as well as in normative studies where through cross-cultural we compare Rorschach indicators.

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Diskriminativne mogućnosti Hamiltonove skale depresivnosti: ROC analiza

Author(s): Zdenka Novović,Bojan Janičić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2005

The purpose of this study is to compare discrimination power of original and reconstructed version of Hamilton’s depression scale in separation of depressive vs. anxious patients and to suggest some possibilities which offer ROC analysis. The subjects of the study were 119 patients of Psychiatric clinic in Novi Sad. 67 of them were diagnosed with some of the forms of affective disorders and 52 with an anxious-phobic diagnosis. Results of ROC analysis suggest that both instruments can be used in distinguishing depressive from anxious patients, but reconstructed version shows greater sensitivity and specificity with optimal cut-off score. It also has more significant AUC, which refers to probability of prediction on the basis of the whole spectrum of the results. These data is commented in relation with current debates, between unitaristic and pluralistic oriented authors, about the nature of the anxious-depression relationship.

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Psihobiološki model temperamenta i karaktera ‒ validacija i kros-kulturalna komparacija

Author(s): Tamara Džamonja-Ignjatović,Goran Knežević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2005

The paper presents research results regarding Psychobiological model of personality by Robert Cloninger. The primary research goal was to test the new TCI5 inventory and compare our results with US normative data. We also analyzed the factor structure of the model and the reliability of basic TCF5 scales and sub-scales. The sample consisted of 473 subjects from the normal population, age range between 18-50 years. Results showed significant differences between Serbian arid American samples. Compared to the American sample, Novelty seeking was higher in the Serbian sample, while Persistence, Self-directedness and Cooperativeness were lower. For the most part, results of the present study confirmed a seven factor structure model, although some sub-scales did not coincide with basic dimension- as predicted by the theoretical model. Therefore certain theoretical revision-, of the model are required in order to fit in the empirical findings. Similarly tic discrepancy between the theoretical and empirical was also noticed regarding the reliability of TCI-5 scales. They also need to be re-examined. Thus, the results of the study showed satisfactory reliability of Persistence (.90), Self-directedness (.89) and Harm avoidance (.87). but low reliability of the Novelty seeking (.78). Reward dependence (.79) and Self-transcendence (.78).

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Towards reconciling with ourselves and others

Author(s): Jelena Srna / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2005

In the first section of the paper, by reviewing the contemporary literature in this field, the author searches for answers to the following questions: What is reconciliation? Should it occur, why, and when? Who should participate in this process and how? What are the instruments of reconciliation? By examining the process of reconciliation, on an internal and external level, from an interpersonal and collective perspective, the author in the second section tries to bring together two reconciliation instruments, closely tied to the field of clinical psychology. Focusing on “healing by dealing with the past,” the author develops the framework for reconciliation. This framework involves three issues: the relevant facts of living in this region within the historical and socio-cultural context, a model that connects those facts, and the strategies to be undertaken for the path of recovery.

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Neke psihometrijske karakteristike Bekove skale beznadežnosti

Author(s): Zdenka Novović,Vesna Gavrilov Jerković,Snežana Tovilović,Mikloš Biro / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2005

The study tested reliability and construct validity of Serbian translation of Beck´s Hopelessness scale on a sample of patients diagnosed as a depressive, anxious and anxious-depressive disorder. Scale was found to have a high degree of internal consistency (Cronbach alfa = 0.91). Principal component analysis, with Scree-test as the criterion of extraction, provided single factor as the best solution. Hopelessness Scale highly correlated with symptoms of depression, low self-concept and depressive automatic thoughts which the authors interpreted as the confirmation of Beck´s theory. The hypothesis that hopelessness is construct specific to depression and not to anxiety is, also, confirmed.

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PTSP i depresivnost posle nato bombardovanja: Činioci individualnih razlika u reagovanju na stres

Author(s): Marija Zotović Kostić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2005

The research was conducted to provide answers to two research questions: (1) what is the level of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents; and (2) which variables correlate with PTSD and depression level, in a way that they present risk factors for development of symptoms. Research was conducted fourteen months after the end of the bombing, on the sample of 629 children and adolescents from Vojvodina. It was registered that significant extent of PTSD symptoms exists in almost 60% of children and adolescents exposed to the bombing (59.6%). For the prediction of PTSD level, a tendency for using specific coping strategies appeared especially important. The best predictors of depression level were personality characteristics, which form a pattern known as negative affectivity.

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Anksiozni i depresivni poremećaji ‒ jedan, dva ili tri poremećaja

Author(s): Zdenka Novović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2004

The study deals with theoretical psychiatric proposals about relations between anxiety and depressive disorders. Three theoretical positions developed on the basis of numerous evidence on relationship of anxiety and depressive disorders: unitaristic (anxious and depressive disorders represent one disorder with different clinical pictures or phases of the disorder), pluralistic (there are two classes of disorders with clearly recognizable boundaries) and anxious-depressive position (mixed anxious-depressive disorder represents also a single disorder). Possible reasons for antagonisms, connections (i.e. lack of connections) to some proposals of psychologists are commented upon, as well as the significance of this problem for classification of mental disorders in general.

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