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The article offers a survey of the activities of the associations for friendship between Bulgarians and Greeks in Bulgaria in the last decades. These associations are viewed as a contemporary form of mutual cultural communication between the two peoples and the meaning of the two communities as a “bridge” between Bulgaria and Greece is highlighted. The study focuses on the present condition of these processes and on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on them. It examines concrete examples of changes in the activities of the associations in Sofia, which are indicative for the life of the communities with Greek self-identification in Bulgaria in the pandemic situation.
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Scientific life, conference report
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This article is dedicated to the fortieth anniversary of the founding of the Bulgarian Folklore Journal. The reflections on the Journal which are discussed here are made in the context of the political and sociocultural development of Bulgaria, as well as in the context of national and international traditions in the study of folklore. At the same time, these reflections address changes in scientific paradigms and theoretical approaches, the problems of the existing boundaries between disciplines, the re-definition of scientific scope and newly defined fields of research. The interdisciplinary nature of the Journal, the development of its scientific profile, and its transformation into a journal for scholarly research in the field of folklore studies, ethnology and anthropology in the 1990s are given special attention. Editorial politics and practices, as well as different aspects of its theoretical sensibility and applied aims are traced. The place of the Journal among Bulgarian humanities periodicals and its international visibility are also highlighted.
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The text contains a review made within the Public Seminar of the Department of „Radio and Television“, held on November 1, 2022, where Raina Konstantinova, Chair of the Public Council of the Bulgarian National Radio, and Prof. Snezhana Popova presented the new book of Assoc. Prof. D.S. Vyara Angelova „The Socialist Bulgarian Radio (1944-1989)“ (University Press „St. Kliment Ohridski“, 2022). We publish both speeches given at the premiere of the book.
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Le Musée Ethnographique de Budapest conserve une icône en mauvais état qui provient de Patakófalu (Stara Stuzhytsya), plus précisément de l’éparchie de Moukatchevo. Sur l’une des faces se trouve une repré-sentation Éléousa de la Mère de Dieu, un type iconographique qui était extrêmement populaire dans le sud de la Pologne – de même qu’en Hongrie – à partir du dernier quart du xviie siècle. Certaines icônes appartenant à ce type étaient même considérées comme étant miraculeuses. Associée à une certaine signification, la Mère de Dieu était peinte pour demander la protection contre le danger et les souffrances futures. Sur l’autre face de l’icône se trouve une scène de la Crucifixion avec des personnages demandant l’intercession, dont un homme portant le costume d’un noble et sa famille. L’inscription votive en ruthène a été transcrite sur le fond de la scène. La signature du peintre permet d’identifier Stefan Wiszeński de Sądowa Wisznia. Dans le présent arti-cle, une photographie conservée au Musée National de Lviv, ainsi que des urbaria, permettent de déchiffrer l’inscription et de comprendre les circonstances de la commande.
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Au cours de la première moitié du xviiie siècle, les réformes de l’Église Orthodoxe Serbe de Hongrie se reflètent aussi dans la peinture des églises. L’établissement de liens étroits avec le Patriarcat de Moscou et la Laure des Grottes de Kyïv-Petchersk a augmenté l’influence russo-ukrainienne dans le siège métropolitain de Karlovci. On constate un éloignement de plus en plus prononcé face à l’iconographie traditionnelle et une ac-ceptation des reformes connues dans la peinture baroque ukrainienne. Le moment décisif est représenté par l’arrivée du peintre ukrainien Jov Vasilijevič en 1742. Avec le soutien du patriarche Arsenije iv, Vasilijevič fonde une école de peinture à Sremski Karlovci. Par décision du patriarche, cette école devient obligatoire pour tous les peintres d’icônes du siège métropolitain. Un décret scelle l’entrée des nouvelles modes d’expression artis-tique dans l’art ecclésiastique. Jov Vasilijevič exécute plusieurs oeuvres importantes. Il peint les iconostases des monastères de Krušedol et Bodjani; il réalise des peintures pour le patriarche; il forme plusieurs élèves qui con-tinueront à répandre cette influence de la peinture baroque ukrainienne. L’article se propose d’étudier ce style de peinture, devenu une véritable norme dans l’art religieux du siège métropolitain de Karlovci dans les années 1740-1770.
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The Ethnographic Collection, today a part of SASA Archives, was initiated by Stojan Novaković in order to continue Vuk Karadžić’s work on collecting folklore. The goal of the Academy was to get the material collected, systematized and published, and the task of collecting was entrusted to individuals, such as teachers and priests, who lived among the people and were literate enough to record various forms of folklore. The questionnaires they used were intended for ethnographic and anthropogeographic research, which means that there were no clear instructions for recording folk tales. In this paper, I use the term textualization (after Lauri Honko), defined here as secondary, because it refers to the representation of the written (rather than spontaneous oral) text, in order to point out different models/strategies of recording folk tales used by collectors in the last decades of the 19th and first decades of the 20th century. Depending on their position, recording of the folklore material was sometimes influenced by ethnography or dialectology, considering that the mentioned disciplines were on their rise, while the literary model appears as a regional distinction.
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The 2003 Convention and Its Implementation in Bulgaria
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Plecând de la o scenă reprezentând Corabia creştinătăţii atacată de duşmanii credinţei, pictată în pridvorul bisericii din cimitirul mănăstirii Hurezi (1699), articolul urmăreşte dezvoltarea temei teologice şi iconografice a Bisericii ca Navă şi cercetează sursele pentru această reprezentare din biserica amintită. În scrierile patristice şi în iconografia bizantină şi medievală occidentală, tema ia forme specific confesionale (arca Petri sau barca Petri, în mediul catolic). În secolul al XVI-lea, pe fondul conflictului confesional catolico-protestant, polemicile încep să dea naştere unor imagini satirice ale unor lupte între două vase pe mare, ilustrând alegoric înfruntările dintre cele două puncte de vedere. Exprimate plastic prin tehnica gravurii, aceste imagini sunt o creaţie a mediului protestant german. În timp ce Contrareforma continuă să folosească motivul alegoric al vasului navigând pe mare ca reprezentare a Bisericii Catolice triumfătoare, mediul protestant dezvoltă o iconografie a Bisericii ca navă asediată pe mare de diverse categorii de duşmani: biserica papală, ereziarhi, evrei şi musulmani, personaje infame ale Apocalipsei. Tipărituri cu astfel de reprezentări ajung şi în estul Europei, inclusiv în mediul Lavrei Pecherska din Kyiv, care folosea surse vizuale germane pentru atelierul său de litografie. Pictorii, gravorii şi desenatorii ucraineni din a doua jumătate a secolului al XVII-lea preiau acest motiv, îl instrumetalizează ca alegorie a Bisericii Ortodoxe asediate şi îl exportă în spaţiile învecinate, în Valahia şi Rusia. Motivul pătrunde în paralel, tot la jumătatea secolului al XVII-lea, şi în lumea grecească, pe canale catolice. Mediul grecesc al Muntelui Athos, prin Nicodim Haghioritul, îl va include ca ilustraţie a Pidalionului (culegere de canoane), la sfârşitul secolului al XVIII-lea.
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The Histories and Film Festival in Râşnov (FFIR—Festiva-lul de Film și Istorii la Râşnov) held its fifteenth edition from 18 to 27 August 2023. ‘Radicalisation’ was the main theme of the festival, namely the fact that “our society seems less and less open to balanced dialogue; everyone defends and imposes their own truth and nuances dis-appear.” Museikon organised a debate on the topic ‘Con-temporary votive depictions—from Stephen the Great to the ktetors of our days’ (Tablouri votive contemporane – de la Ștefan cel Mare la ctitorii de azi) in the Old Church of Râşnov (dedicated to Saint Nicholas), on Wednesday 23 August 2023.
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The article traces the processes of development and renewal of instrumental folk music through the practice of three representatives of Limanovi family playing zurna. They are from the village of Debren, Garmen municipality. The father Isuf Bayryamov Limanov (1944–2020) is a performer who masters the old instrumental musical tradition of Gotsedelchev region and passes his skills on to his son Isuf Limanov (1966). Initially, due to the banning of zurna music in the 1980s, he began his clarinet studies, but subsequently established himself as one of the brightest performers mastering the Gocedelchev zurna virtuoso. The grandson Vaidin Limanov (1989) preserves and develops the family tradition through the most modern technologies of keyboard electronic instruments, that have entered the folklore performance. In the art of different generations of musicians, traditions go through processes of rethinking, changing and living their new being.
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The article concerns Georgian clothing in terms of gender and location. Georgian women`s and men`s clothes are characterized by their set, shape, color and embellishment. The examined material is kept at the national, regional, and private museums in Georgia. Material dates back to the 18th–20th centuries. For comparative purposes, clothes of Near East peoples are pointed out where we can witness its elements. Historic-ethnographic, comparative analytic, photographic, and material collection methods were used during research. Information preserved in the past was gathered with the aid of the historic method and the material acquired was analyzed through the use of knowledge gained in neighboring research disciplines. The means for restoring an overall picture reflecting the past were provided by the comparative analysis method.
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