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KONFERENCE
Zpráva o International Systemic Research Conference 2017, Heidelberg, 8.–11. 3. 2017
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Zpráva o International Systemic Research Conference 2017, Heidelberg, 8.–11. 3. 2017
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The aim of the discussion is to analyse Florian Znaniecki’s “Sociology of Education”. The indicated author is an outstanding Polish sociologist originating from the Poznań scientific community. He gained international fame by work Polish Peasant in Europe and America, co-authored by William Thomas. In “Sociology of Education” the educational process was described and analysed from a sociological perspective. On the other hand, in this article, the authors propose to pay attention to other social factors in the 21st century, which Znaniecki did not consider due to the period in which he lived. The thesis chosen for the presented work assumes that the issue of education is related to the field of science, which is sociology. The conclusions emphasize that such a relationship inclines to broaden knowledge in the field of sociology in the pedagogical environment and to use its achievements in educational work.
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Gamification is a learning technique that transfers the mechanics of games to the educational environment in order to achieve better pedagogical results mediated by technological tools, this technique is used as an alternative to the traditional teaching methodology that is increasingly used in higher education, which is why the objective of the study is to know how gamification influences the teaching-learning process in higher education. In order to answer this question, a systematic review of the literature is carried out, based on the analytical method, using the scientific databases Web of Science and SCOPUS for the search of information. The impact of gamification within the formative context is significant since its evolution as a didactic strategy manages to meet the educational objectives improving learning outcomes, its application is methodical that considers the principles and appropriate elements of the game to solve problems and promote learning, which causes the change of student behavior, because it takes advantage of the main motivations of human behavior in two ways connected to each other: reinforcements and emotions, thus obtaining effective and motivated learning, reaching several types of knowledge, such as: declarative, conceptual, regulated, procedural, soft skills, affective and psychomotor mastery, which demonstrates its versatility and usefulness in learning environments.
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This study evaluates the impacts of work stress, risk-taking propensity, and resilience on psychological wellbeing in Nigeria’s Police Force. Its sample was extracted from four (4) police stations in Ibadan, Oyo State of Nigeria. They are the Iyaganku, Eleyele, Orita Challenge, and Iwo Road testing ground police stations. This study has adopted a cross-sectional survey method, where the current scholar randomly distributed the study’s questionnaires. Nonetheless, from the 350 questionnaires floated, 319 were suitable for study and analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 27). The present study conducted standard and hierarchical multiple regression analysis in testing the stated hypotheses and concludes that work stress and risk-taking propensity significantly reduce psychological wellbeing. In contrast, resilience increases it in Nigeria’s Police Force. It further settles that work stress, risk-taking propensity, and resilience significantly and jointly determine psychological wellbeing. Work stress, however, determines more significantly the psychological wellbeing of police officers than risk-taking propensity, resilience, and their combination matrix. Consequently, this paper advocates the need to reinforce stress management training among police officers to promote healthy lifestyles and improve psychological wellbeing. Also, Nigeria’s Police college should incorporate risk-taking concepts on the job to help them exhibit better risk-taking behaviors and maintain improved psychological wellbeing. Moreover, Nigeria’s Police Force should adopt strategies for promoting resilience levels, raising police officers’ positive emotions to recover from their adverse experiences. Besides, there is a severe need for psychological interventions to prepare police officers for the hurdles ahead. So, it is required that government make provisions for a salary increase, incentives, organizational support programs, and initiatives that can strengthen the coping styles of police officers for better psychological health and wellbeing.
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The author of the article discusses the impact of artistic activities on the physical and mental health of elderly people. She describes the correlation between music and dance and the well-being and mental development of seniors. Both Poland and other countries organize classes in choreotherapy, art therapy and music therapy to support this social group. The author pays special attention to the functions of artistic activities and their importance for human health. In this article, she presents three forms of therapy for seniors which are organized in Poland and abroad: choreotherapy, art therapy, and music therapy. The article also includes descriptions of government programmes designed to support active older adults.
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Intensive development of digital technology in the modern-day world allows us easy access and wide usage of the mobile phones, as well as playing different types of games among children and young people. On a daily basis we can see children as small as toddlers successfully using mobile phones which further allows them access to various content where they can play games. Even though digital technology gives children and young people the possibility to acquire knowledge, come across variety of information, communicate with others and furthermore have fun, there are certain side effects of their usage. Excessive and inadequate usage of mobile phones and playing games can lead to behavioral disorders in children and young people. The exposure to violent content on phones while playing games can lead to virtual and real-life violence. More over digital technology usage may lead to internet addiction, mobile phone addiction, online gambling, suicidal behavior, as well as other forms of behavioral disorder. The main aim of this work is to point out how the phone usage and playing games can lead to behavioral disorder among children and young people.
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The sport of jūdō was intended as an activity “for all”. Since in 1996 a major sex abuse scandal broke out that involved a Dutch top jūdō coach and several female elite athletes, international media have identified many more abuses. To date no scholarly studies exist that have examined the nature, extent, and consequences of these anomalies. We intend in this paper to review and analyze sexual abuses in jūdō. To do so we offer a descriptive jurisprudence overview of relevant court and disciplinary cases, followed by a qualitative-analytical approach looking at the potential factors that prompt jūdō-related bullying and sexual harassment. Sex offenders may be attracted to jūdō because of: 1. the extensive bodily contact during grappling, 2. the easy access to voyeuristic opportunities during contest weigh-ins and showering, 3. Jūdō’s authoritarian and hierarchical structure as basis for ‘grooming’, 4. lack of integration of jūdō’s core moral component in contemporary jūdō coach and instructor education, and 5. its increasing eroticization by elite jūdō athletes posing for nude calendars and media and by specialized pornographic jūdō manga and movies. Cultural conceptions and jurisprudence are factors that affect how people perceive the seriousness and how these offences are dealt with. A survey of 19 cases of abuse in jūdō worldwide shows that cultural conceptions and jurisprudence cause that such cases are handled in a very heterogeneous way by the law and by the jūdō governing bodies. Jūdō clubs and organizations overall suffer from a lack of expertise, intellectual insight, ethical objectivity, and solid procedures of fairness for both victim and accused, in this way often failing in both sufficiently protecting the weak from sex offenders, and in educating and reintegrating past offenders through jūdō activities that do not involve their victim target groups. Jūdō’s moral philosophy implicitly attempts to offer a utilitarian answer as to how the jūdō community should deal with serious offences. These incidents, however, continue to show the limitations of jūdō‘s utopian “prosperity for all” objective.
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In recent years, social networks have become extremely popular among young people. At the same time, they have significantly influenced the patterns and intensity of communication and interaction. Their use at the same time has provided numerous advantages, but also has showed various disadvantages and negative consequences. Data so far show that young people increasingly use these media to maintain existing intimate relationships but also to meet new partners. Because of this, the aim of this paper was to examine the attitudes of young people about the influence of social networks on their romantic/intimate relationships. The paper presents the results of the research conducted during September 2021 using the online survey method on a convenient sample of 110 male and female students of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Split. The research examine how much time young people spend on social networks, which social networks they use most often and for what purpose, and to investigate the ways in which social networks influence finding a partner and maintaining existing love connections/relationships. The obtained results show that most of the respondents use Facebook and Instagram for three to five hours a day, and for the purpose of getting to know potential partners, the respondents most often use Instagram. Although approximately half of the respondents had the experience of meeting a partner through social networks, most of them do not actually prefer it. More than a third of the respondents, point that social networks did not help them maintain a good relationship with their partner. Also, the uploading of the pictures with partners on social networks did not make them more confident that their relationship with their partner was good. The respondents also think that social networks are not very important in maintaining intimate relationships with a partner, but they use them to maintain long-distance relationships. Furthermore, approximately half of the respondents have the experience of sending explicit content to their partner. Respondents also think that social networks increase mistrust in relationships and that they reduce "face-to-face" interactions.
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People with low self-confidence may have a greater tendency to use social networks more often because it is easier for them to make social contacts in such a way, but this may also be a reason for development of internet addiction and the consequences of that addiction. The goal of the paper was to examine the habits of using the internet and social networks among secondary school students and possible presence of lower self-confidence. Work method: An anonymous online survey was completed by 34 respondents aged 16 to 19. The survey consisted of two groups of questions. The first group of questions was from a structured interview (Caci, Scrimi, 2017.) which examined habits of using the Internet and Facebook. The second group of questions was from the self-esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965). The data were processed using frequency analysis. Results: Answers on the scale of habits of using social networks were classified as always, often, occasionally, rarely, never When interrupted in Facebook activities, 11.8% of respondents always get upset and 17.6% often. Neglecting daily activities due to Facebook is marked as often by 5.9% of respondents and occasionally by 17.6% of them. 11.8% of respondents always stay on Facebook longer than they planned, and often 17.6% of them. When asked if they occasionally hide or defend their activities on the Internet, 2,9% of respondents said always and 5,9% of respondents said often. Reduced sleep time due to Facebook activity is often experienced by 20.6% of respondents and always by 8,8%. Regarding the statement that they think life is boring without Facebook, 8,8% of respondents replied often and 2,9% of respondents replied always. When it comes to Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, it was found that low self-esteem is present in 20.6% of respondents. Conclusion: In this pilot survey, which included a small sample of respondents, we confirmed that in a certain percentage of secondary school students there are symptoms which point to a frequent use of the Facebook in the direction of the development of addictive behavior and also a certain representation of low self-confidence which can be correlated. It is necessary to conduct a larger study of the population of secondary school students and planning of preventive activities in our environment.
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Every general social deviation from regular social norms which has for affect twisted behavior of his own personality is considered as deviant behavior of the individual. It is no simple task to recognize in the beginning which personality can be deviant, but for sure obeying social norms which are established can be of use to act preventively. Social form, in which processes and phenomenon is happening, which has a goal that a single person gets a social status, is not always suitable for personality development. Individual, in certain circumstances due to dissatisfaction on the environment can manifest signs of aggression which can point to change in his behavior. Degrading social factor can affect individual to his marginalization, which further indicates that this person is an easy pray for terrorist activities. Absence of social life and isolation, which are very important, encourages even greater conflicts within the individual who in the end decides that the only thing left for him is his view of the imperfect world, in other words, destruction of norms and rules that were valid until then.
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Digitalization has accelerated and improved the accuracy of information processing. It has changed society into a connected world. The spread of COVID-19 changed individuals' daily routines drastically over the past two years, especially among youth due to the temporary closure of colleges and universities. The usage of digital devices by youth has increased as a result of online learning platforms, leading to digital reliance and a negative impact on their sleep quality. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate (1) the association between digital amnesia, sleep disorders and somatic symptoms, (2) the difference in digital amnesia based on the demographic categories, (3) the effect of digital amnesia and sleep disorders on somatic symptoms. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 326 young people aged 18 to 25 years. Data was collected from participants using the Digital Amnesia Scale, Sleep Disorders Symptom Checklist (SDS-CL-17), and Somatic Symptom Disorder-B Criteria Scale (SSD-12). There was a significant association between digital amnesia, sleep disorders, and somatic symptoms among youth. Youth differed significantly in their digital amnesia based on their demographic categories such as gender and family type. Somatic symptoms among youth were significantly impacted by digital amnesia and sleep disorders. Youth could overcome their digital amnesia by utilizing digital devices effectively. Youth could also be sensitized about adverse effects of digital amnesia. Taking a digital break could help them improve their quality of sleep and reduce somatic symptoms
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The paper focuses on the cognitive value of psychological knowledge about the human mind and personality development in children, adolescents and adults. It is argued that axiological engagement of developmental psychology means reference to its object of study with truth-value judgments about it. The understanding of human development entails an axiological engagement with it that is directed towards truth. Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz wrote about the significance of the anti-irrational stance in our cognition and in our actions guided by cognition toward reaching planned desirable ends within our human social world. Ajdukiewicz has pondered the epistemic value of being true or false with our knowledge; any utilitarian or pragmatic considerations or uses of it notwithstanding. It is assumed by him that one should preserve an anti-irrational stance in order to decide on the difference between true and false beliefs. It is argued that the science of psychology reduces the value of cognition to utilitarian and pragmatic values and knows next to nothing about how to identify truth and falsity of beliefs. This assertion implies an urgent need to find out how children, youth, and adults learn to deal with epistemic values of their beliefs. One should put aside the positivistic and empiricist theory of human cognition in order to open a space for a new proposal in developmental psychology. It deals with the relation of reference of beliefs of human subjects to the objects of their cognition in their social world and argues for the return to the notion of ideals in psychology in order to investigate their indispensable role in human mind and personality development.
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Beyond immediate references to the introductory paper, one may find in the commentaries a set of other interesting issues. They are left to another occasion, since the focus here is on remarks inviting further elaboration on the main theses’ clarification and grounding. It goes in three directions, to (i) clarify the difference between a rejection of British empiricism as a misleading theory of human cognition and a postulate to replace it with an adequate theory of cognitive reference to the truth of believes about the objects of experience in the world of human culture and civilization, (ii) dismiss from the theory of human knowledge the belief in the construction of mind-representations of the objects of cognition, and to focus instead on the relation of reference in judgments to the independent objects of knowledge within the human world, and (iii) to ground the objective status of the ideal of truth and the other values within the world of culture and civilization arrangements.
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Prior research has indicated that gelotophobia, people’s fear of being laughed at, influences their emotions toward a disparaging humorous event. Based on two experiments with a sample of 50 Greek participants each, the present study employed face recognition software to explore the emotions of gelotophobes, when exposed to an advertisement. It further examined the moderating role of the type of advertisement (i.e. a disparaging humorous ad vs. a nondisparaging non-humorous ad) and identification with the victim of the joke, on gelotophobes' emotions. At higher levels of identification with the victim, gelotophobes indicated lower levels of joy, joyful (Duchenne) smile, and a positive emotional valence toward a disparaginghumorous advertisement as opposed to non-gelotophobes. Joy was also found to mediate the negative effects of gelotophobia on attitude toward the ad.
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The concept of digital natives is a frequently heard concept today. We live intertwined with technology. As in every field, technology has also taken its place in the fields of education. In addition to the advantages of technology products that facilitate the life of university students academically, physically, psychologically and socially, they also have negative effects in terms of physical, psychological and sociological aspects. Especially due to the misuse of smartphones, mobile Internet and social media, university students experience many problems such as technology addiction, nomophobia, netlessphobia and problematic social media use. In terms of socialisation, it is seen that university students are more affected by the psychological factors brought by technology, as they use it extensively in their academic studies and access to information. For this purpose, this study aims to determine the views of university students on the psychological effects of technology. Within the scope of this general purpose, a study was conducted with 84 university freshmen. In order to reach the aim of the research, five open-ended questions developed by the researcher were asked. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that university students have problems because they do not use technology correctly. This situation disrupts social relationships and affects communication. The use of technological tools by students may cause social phobia, communication problems, academic success, emotional turmoil and physical harm to physical health. For conscious use, it can be recommended to inform students by giving trainings.
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Recent statistics have shown the increasing trend of divorce cases among Malay Muslims in Malaysia. Past research has focused on marriage satisfaction and the quality of the relationship in marriages. However, there is limited research on the factors that contribute significantly to a long-lasting marriage, particularly among the Malay Muslim community. This paper aims to share the initial findings to explore the strength of relationships in a lasting marriage among Muslim Malay couples in Malaysia. This paper adopts a qualitative approach. The study conducts an extensive literature review to find out some of the causes of divorce and factors that improve a long marriage. The findings indicate that three main considerations in the choice of a spouse are religion, responsible character good mannerisms and race. Age, looks and job are the least considered factors that account for the sustenance of marriage.
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This report discusses some theoretical and applied aspects of the problem of child aggression and ways to form assertive behavior among students in third and fourth grade. The thesis that is advocated in this report is that assertive behavior can be formed by creating an appropriate educational environment. This is a long and difficult process that requires a unified focus of conscious thought and action by the child and leads to self-actualization and growth of the child's personality. Once learned, it becomes its enduring characteristic and enables it to make independent decisions, through independent thinking, turning to personal experience, accurate judgment, initiative, ingenuity, personal discipline, and cooperation.
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Research on positive factors underlies strategies for promoting mental health and preventing suicidal behaviors. Objectives: To assess the importance of social support, self-esteem, and resilience in protecting against adverse mental health outcomes and suicidal behavior in different Portuguese Language Countries. Method and Results: We collected an online sample of 1006 citizens from the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLC), mean age of 41.76 years. Instruments assessed psychological symptoms, suicidal behaviors, social support, self-esteem, and resilience. We found statistically significant differences between CPLC countries, and positive factors were found to be inversely correlated with adverse mental health and suicidal behavior. Conclusions: Positive factors protect mental health and prevent suicidal behaviors. Self-esteem was particularly important, likely due to its intrinsic nature which has an overall influence on other psychological assets. Cultural differences should be taken in account when planning preventive and protective programs that should be specific to cultural needs.
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The present research focuses on the study of the relationship between parenting styles, self-esteem and aggressive behaviors in high school students. To carry out the study, a number of 60 students between the ages of 14 and 19 from rural areas were selected, and to test the proposed hypotheses, three tools validated on the Romanian population were used: Aggression Test (A.H. Buss & M. Perry), Self-Esteem Scale and Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). The results illustrate positive, statistically significant correlations between the authoritarian parenting style and the aggressive behaviors of adolescents manifested through verbal aggression, hostility and anger. Adolescents’ self-esteem correlates negatively with their verbal aggression and positively with their anger and hostility. The results show a statistically significant negative correlation between adolescent self-esteem and permissive parenting style.
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The educational level of parents has been observed to have multiple influences on children. In this research we investigate a the differences in the levels of aggression in preadolescents depending on the educational level achieved by parents. The sample consisted of 219 children, 7th and 8th grade, and 438 their parents with 3 levels of parental education (primary, secondary and higher). The results of the ANOVA analysis revealed statistically significant differences for children whose parents have a basic education (primary or secondary), manifesting higher levels of aggression on all dimensions tested (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility). Such differences in the means of aggression in preadolescents whose parents have secondary and higher education levels were not observed.
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