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Psihoanaliza i marksizam

Author(s): Ernesto Laclau / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2015

Da bih promislio postojeći odnos između marksizma i psihoanalize, prinuđen sam razmotriti sjecišta između ta dva teorijska polja, priče mu su oba uspostavljena neovisno od drugoga i čiji mogući oblici uzajamne referentnosti ne pred stavljaju očigledan sustav prevođenja. Nemoguće je, na primjer, tvrditi, iako se to često radilo, da psihoanaliza polju historijskoga materijalizma dodaje teoriju subjektivnosti, budući da je to polje u velikoj mjeri bi lo kon sti tui ra no kao negacija valjanosti i umjesnosti bilo kakve teorije subjektivnosti (iako, dakako, ne i same kategorije »subjekta«). Dakle, nijedan pojednostavljeni model nadopune ili artikulacije nije baš ni od kakve koristi. Problem se prije sastoji u pronalaženju indexa usporedbe između dva različita teorijska polja, ali to, zauzvrat, podrazumijeva iz gradnju novoga polja unutar kojeg bi usporedba imala smisla.

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Psychoanalytische Ansätze in der russischen Literatur der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts (Vsevolod M. Garšins Erzählung Die rote Blume)

Author(s): Josef Dohnal / Language(s): German Issue: Sondernr./2018

The paper deals with the short story The Red Flower by V. M. Garshin. The depiction of the inner world of the hero is supposed to be a typical attempt of art to try to understand the processes that are going on in the inner world of a human being. The conscious and the unconscious are mixed simultaneously in the mental processes of the hero´s mind on symbolic basis which corresponds with the psychoanalytic theory that appeared only some decades thereafter. The unlikely complex mental processes led the author to the conviction to choose a mentally disordered person as the hero of the short story.

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Sexuální přitažlivost v psychoterapii z pohledu supervizorù

Author(s): Marek Kolařík,Martin Lečbych,Martina Fülepová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2015

This article is devoted to a topic that is rather ignored so far in the Czech Republic. It offers the very new way of thinking about the topic of sexual attraction that can bring some kind of concern because it can be a challenge for changing previous attitude to this phenomenon. In our research we´ve decided to focuse on the question – how is this topic of sexual attraction supervised in our country and what is our supervisors´ opinion about this phenomenon, how is this topic communicated in supervision and what is the supervisors´ opinion about the relationship between client and therapist. So our effort was to take this phenomenon in the way it is and try to handle it in many different views. The research file was made of 13 supervisors (8 women and 5 men) out of Czech Republic. The design of our research was exposed as a combination of a multiple case study with the combination of qualitative experiment. The data were obtained by means of semistructured interviews which have 3 parts: a) mapping of supervisors´ own experience with the phenomenon of sexual attraction in psychotherapy and in supervision b) suggestion for the solutions of 5 model situations c) mapping of factors which can block or on the contrary can help to reveal this intimate topic in supervision. Our research results show clearly the contrast between wide spread experience with sexual attraction in psychotherapy and between the low therapists´ willingness to share these experience in supervision and in the psychotherapist training.

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Potřebujeme poradenství?

Author(s): Marek Kolařík / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2015

Lately, not much dissimilarity is considered and used between terms “counselling” and “psychotherapy”. It seems that these terms can be interchanged. They have the same aims, same ways of working and the same work subject, so there is no need to distinguish them. The latest thing, with respect with this terms confusion, is to be found in T. Řiháček’s article (Psychoterapie, 1/2014) – however it is written very rigorously – I´d like to react to that. I am going to try to give arguments why these two terms shouldn’t be interchanged or fused, for counsellors, psychotherapists and even clients sake.

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SYMBOL

Author(s): Jan Šikl / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2018

Chci, aby se text zkusil dotknout symbolu, nebyl jen řečí o něm, ale pozvolna – z ticha a z poezie – se jej pokusil dotknout. Kam za ním? Viděl ho někdo? A pokud – je si jistý, že to byl on? Předpokládám, že by stálo za to jej hledat někde v prostoru mezi filosofií, mytologií, hlubinnou psychologií, poezií, magií, uměním… nevím.

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Répétition et discours intérieur à propos de "La dernière bande" de Samuel Beckett

Author(s): Dominique Marin / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2022

According to Bruno Clement, epanorthosis is present throughout Beckett’s works. His play Krapp’s Last Tape might be its major representation. Epanorthosis is a literary device which consists in reconsidering what one has just expressed, either to express faint differences, to weaken it, even to go back on it or, on the contrary, to express it even more strongly . Another literary technique contemporaneous with Freud’s discovery of the unconscious, the inner discourse is an inherent part of the structure of the play. What is repeated when one says to oneself: “I told myself…?” Who is speaking? To what extent is it possible to say “myself”? Krapp’s Last Tape, this long inner discourse, read here step by step, allows to determine what hinders the one who speaks in saying what they are trying to say: their obscure part of jouissance, that is absent from language but serves the social link.

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The Crisis of Wisdom and Psychoanalysis

Author(s): Milanko Ј. Govedarica,Aleksandar Prica / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The topic of this paper is an examination of the practical dimension of contemporary philosophical culture, both in relation to the idea of wisdom in traditional philosophy and in relation to psychoanalytical practice. In the first part of the paper, we determine what philosophical culture is, primarily by emphasizing the differences between that culture and the scientific-technological culture. In the second part of the paper, we show that such a philosophical culture has fallen into a crisis. In the third part of paper, we offer a way out of that crisis, in the form of psychoanalysis, which criticizes the primacy that philosophical culture accords to consciousness, logic, diachronic and linear ways of thinking. In the fourth and last part of the paper, we present the shortcomings of this psychoanalytical model. As a solution, we offer a new model of philosophical culture, created by the synthesis of philosophy, psychoanalysis, but also other discipline of human thought, which has similarities with Nietzsche’s anticipation of Gay Science, as well as with Jasper’s idea of transcendence.

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Comunicarea publică între informare și fake news în perioada pandemiei COVID-19

Author(s): Teodora TOMPEA / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

In the study presented, I continued to express views, opinions, analyses through which scientists, public institutions involved in the fight against COVID-19 make huge efforts to stop this scourge, to protect people in wave 4 and in the perspective of wave 5 of the pandemic. In my experience as a journalist at Digi 24 TV, I was confronted with the phenomenon of misinformation and anti-vaccination tendencies, conspiracy theories that flooded communication networks and platforms, and even the media. All of them constitute deontological challenges for any journalist.

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Pszichológián innen, irodalmon túl

Author(s): Kinga Sebestyén / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 10/2022

Jakobovits Kitti: Irodalomterápia. A könyvespolcod pszichológusszemmel. Kulcslyuk Kiadó, Budapest, 2021.

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THE RECONFIGURATION OF HOMME FATAL IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM JOKER ADAPTIONS

Author(s): Amira Rihab Saidi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The relevance of the Joker as a prominent character in popular culture and the film industry merited tremendous scholarly attention. It has been analyzed through the lenses of various critical theories, inter alia the Bakhtinian “carnival”, the Freudian psychoanalysis, and several others. Still, nearly there is no critical development of the Joker as a homme fatal. It is thus the novelty of this paper to do so; on the one hand, it aims to reconfigure the conceptualization of the homme fatal beyond its classical seductive and inveigling power within women’s world. Here, I endeavor to redefine the fatality of homme fatal from the perspective of the Joker, which is centralized more on an outlawed destructive personality far from being a sexually desirable man. I focus on the “fatal men” and “fatal rebel” by Mario Praz in his Romantic Agony . This study focuses therefore on the reconfiguration of homme fatal in two Joker adaptations: The Dark Knight (2008) and Suicide Squad (2016). Thereby, I contend that the two jokers share common features with the classical homme fatal, most of which contribute to the comic-ization of their ‘fatality’.

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Zjawiska związane z pamięcią autobiograficzną podczas wstępnych konsultacji do psychoterapii pary

Author(s): Bartosz Zalewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

Cel Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wniosków płynących z aktualnych badań nad funkcjonowaniem pamięci autobiograficznej oraz poszukiwanie możliwości ich odniesienia do praktyki diagnostycznej w psychoterapii par. Ważnym elementem tekstu jest także przyjrzenie się temu, jak natura pamięci determinuje rodzaj danych, które diagnosta otrzymuje od pary. Cel artykułu to również wspieranie rozwoju kompetencji metodologicznych psychologów-diagnostów pracujących z parami, poprzez dostarczenie wiedzy o działaniu mechanizmów pamięciowych podczas wstępnych spotkań konsultacyjnych.Tezy Z badań nad pamięcią autobiograficzną wynika, że treść wspomnień w istotny sposób zależy od celu, kontekstu oraz grupy, wobec której jest ona przywoływana. Postawiono tezę, iż w trakcie konsultacji do psychoterapii par wspomnienia przywoływane są przez partnerów w celu opowiedzenia o problemach pary oraz wnoszone w szczególnej publicznej sytuacji pod wpływem silnych emocji. Stanowią one nierzadko ochronę każdej z osób przed negatywną oceną terapeutów, a jednocześnie służą podtrzymywaniu relacyjnych elementów tożsamości każdego z partnerów.Konkluzje Pamięć autobiograficzna to cenne źródło informacji o przeszłości pary, potrzebnych do odpowiedniego kwalifikowania do psychoterapii. Wiedza o mechanizmach pamięciowych wspiera adekwatną ocenę jakości zebranych danych oraz tworzenie właściwych hipotez diagnostycznych. Jednocześnie konsultowanie to szczególne środowisko dla odpamiętywania wspomnień, bowiem ich treść jest równie istotna jak sposób opowiadania. Dla dobrej diagnozy konieczna staje się analiza obu tych elementów. Zbieranie ważnych informacji o życiu psychicznym każdego z partnerów możliwe jest także dzięki dobremu sojuszowi diagnostycznemu.

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Wartości rodzinne jako predyktory jakości bliskich związków interpersonalnych

Author(s): Katarzyna Walęcka-Matyja,Aleksandra Banach / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Cel Celem pracy było określenie, czy i w jaki sposób wartości rodzinne współwystępują z jakością relacji interpersonalnych dorosłych rodzeństw i parterów w bliskich długoterminowych związkach. Metoda W przeprowadzonym badaniu ilościowym zastosowano trzy narzędzia samoopisowe: Skalę familizmu, Kwestionariusz relacji dorosłych rodzeństw i Kwestionariusz zaangażowania interpersonalnego. W badaniu uczestniczyły 234 dorosłe osoby (M = 35; SD = 9,128). Kobiety stanowiły 64,1% próby (n = 150). Wyniki Do najczęściej wybieranych przez badanych wymiarów wartości rodzinnych należały Indywidualizm, Wsparcie rodzinne i Szacunek. Wartości rodzinne okazały się istotnymi predyktorami zarówno dla jakości relacji dorosłych rodzeństw, jak i zaangażowania interpersonalnego w bliski długoterminowy związek. Konkluzja Familizm przyczynia się do kształtowania prawidłowych, wspierających relacji interpersonalnych w bliskich związkach.

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Terapia zorientowana na ciało w profilaktyce zaburzeń odżywiania. Przegląd systematyczny

Author(s): Emilia Korsak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Cel Pomimo rosnącego znaczenia terapii zorientowanej na ciało i szerokiego stosowania metod wykorzystujących pracę z ciałem brakuje systematycznych przeglądów naukowych, które analizowałyby jej skuteczność w zakresie zaburzeń obrazu ciała u osób chorujących na anoreksję lub zagrożonych jej wystąpieniem. Stanowi to barierę zarówno dla praktyków sięgających po rozwiązania terapeutyczne, jak i teoretyków badających mechanizmy interwencji terapeutycznych czy edukatorów działających na rzecz profilaktyki zdrowia.Celem niniejszych rozważań jest przegląd badań dotyczących wpływu różnego rodzaju interwencji opartych na metodach pracy z ciałem na obraz ciała osób z zaburzeniami odżywiania lub zagrożonych zaburzeniami odżywiania typu anoreksja. Metoda Badanie przeprowadzono zgodnie ze standardem PRISMA. Zeksplorowano elektroniczne bazy danych (ProQuest, PsychINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science) w poszukiwaniu randomizowanych badań kontrolnych (RCT). Łącznie przeanalizowano 425 pozycji, z czego 69 pełnotekstowych artykułów zostało poddanych krytycznej ocenie. Ostatecznie do przeglądu włączono 15 badań, które spełniły wszystkie kryteria włączenia. Wyniki Analizy wskazują, że programy oparte na metodach pracy z ciałem, w porównaniu z grupami kontrolnymi, były bardziej skuteczne w redukowaniu czynników ryzyka i promowaniu czynników ochronnych, a dodanie ich do podstawowej formy terapii może prowadzić do znaczącego zmniejszenia objawów zaburzeń odżywiania. Konkluzje W przyszłości istotne byłoby bezpośrednie porównanie wpływu konkretnych typów interwencji na czynniki ryzyka i czynniki chroniące.

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Family values as predictors of the quality of close relationships

Author(s): Katarzyna Walęcka-Matyja,Aleksandra Banach / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Aim The aim of this study was to determine if and in what way family values influence the quality of interpersonal relationships of adult siblings and the partners in close long-term relationships. Method In the conducted quantitative research three self-descriptive tools were used: Familism Scale, Adult Sibling Relationship Questionnaire and Commitment Inventory. The research included 234 adults (M = 35; SD = 9.128). Women accounted for 64.1% of the sample (n = 150). Results Among the most frequently chosen family value dimensions were Individualism, Family support and Respect. Family values appeared to be significant predictors for both the quality of adult sibling relationships and interpersonal commitment in a close long-term relationship. Conclusion Familism contributes to developing proper interpersonal relationships in close relationships.

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Body-oriented therapy in the prevention of eating disorders. A systematic review

Author(s): Emilia Korsak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Aim Despite the growing significance of body-oriented therapy and the broad applicability of psychotherapeutic methods that focus on the body, there is a general scarcity of systematic reviews analyzing the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach in addressing body image problems in persons with anorexia or at risk of anorexia. The above constitutes a barrier for practitioners, theoreticians who investigate the mechanisms underpinning therapeutic interventions, as well as educators who implement health promotion programs. The aim of this article was to review research studies analyzing the effects of different body-oriented interventions on body image perception in persons suffering from or at risk of eating disorders such as anorexia. Methods The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Digital databases (ProQuest, PsychINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched for randomized control trials (RCT). A total of 425 records, including 69 full-length research articles, were critically analyzed. Fifteen trials that met all inclusion criteria were ultimately included in the analysis. Results The review revealed that body-oriented therapeutic programs are more effective in reducing risk factors and reinforcing protective factors in comparison with the control groups, and that the inclusion of body-oriented therapy in standard therapeutic practice could substantially minimize the symptoms of eating disorders. Conclusions Further research is needed to directly compare the effects of different types of interventions on risk factors and protective factors.

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“A Necessary Shadow of Being”: Irony, Imagination, and Personal Identity

Author(s): Przemysław Bursztyka,Randall E. Auxier / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This is the second of the essays on the existential-ontological ground of otherness, in which we see this ground as essentially entwined with our personhood and our personal identities. We analyze irony as both a “mechanism” of constituting these very identities and as an act revealing their self-altering nature. Irony in our view — informed by Kierkegaard, phenomenology, and psychoanalysis — is a subtle existential strategy by means of which subjectivity (not “the subject”) not only asserts itself, but also, and much more importantly, initiates an open-ended process of self-actualization and self-formation. Irony, as we present it, is at once a form of defensive response against the “absolute” character of reality and comparably “absolutist” aspirations of an individual. Such responses open up a space of negotiation between and among these forces, in their creative interplay. In doing so the responses can be as constitutive for subjectivity as they can be disruptive. The disruption does not only undermine the (apparently) unshakeable forms of our self-understanding. More radically, the disruption puts on the stage our “alternative identities,” those with which we have to confront ourselves, whether in the negative mode of repression, or in the acts of positive, or even playful, recognition. In this way irony reveals and articulates otherness in the very heart of subjectivity.

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Soyutlama Becerisini Değerlendirmeye Yarayan Atasözleri Ölçeği’nin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Author(s): Hülya Aydın,Gülbahar Baştuğ,Sevinç Kırıcı,Erguvan Tuğba Özel Kızıl / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 26/2022

In our country, there is a need for culture-specific scales to evaluate the cognitive skills of individuals such as abstraction and reasoning. In this study, it was aimed to develop the Proverbs Scale, which is used to evaluate the abstraction skills of individuals, and to examine its psychometric properties in healthy volunteers. The Standardized Mini-Mental Test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, Kitchen Picture Test, WAIS-R Comprehension and Similarities subscales and the Proverbs Scale were applied to 122 healthy volunteers, 56% (n=68) of whom were men and between the ages of 23-83 (x̅ age = 49.26, SD = 14.73). In the exploratory factor analysis of the Proverbs Scale, a multiple factor structure was obtained. It was determined that the Proverbs Scale scores were positively correlated with the WAIS-R Comprehension and Similarity subscales and the Kitchen Picture Test's Judgment subscale, which are used to measure abstraction and reasoning skills. The internal consistency of the scale was moderate (Cronbach alpha=.76), and the inter-rater reliability was high (r=.98). The results of this study indicate that the 15-item Proverbs Scale is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating abstraction skills.

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За монографията на Стоил Мавродиев „Психоанализата в България до 40-те години на ХХ век“

Author(s): Velislava Chavdarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The review of the book "Psychoanalysis in Bulgaria until the 1940s" presents the historical-psychological research carried out by Assoc. Ph.D. Stoil Mavrodiev, dedicated to the genesis and development of the psychoanalytic movement in Bulgaria in the period of the 1920s –1940s, when it was its apogee. The author offers an analytical-interpretive, critical reading of the works of Bulgarian psychoanalytically oriented authors and reveals their contribution to pedagogy, sociology, philosophy, religion, literary studies, etc. The monograph is the first complete and detailed study of the Bulgarian psychoanalytic heritage.

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Pomiar otwartego i elastycznego myślenia (POEM). Polska adaptacja kwestionariusza do badania myślenia aktywnie otwartego (AOT)

Author(s): Anna Błaszczak,Marta Klocek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

AbstraktAimsThe aim of this research was to develop a Polish adaptation of the Actively Open-Minded Thinking (AOT) questionnaire. This questionnaire allows to assess the disposition to flexibly consider different problems from various perspectives, regardless of one’s initially favoured options, as well as the critical attitude in analysing information and forming opinions.MethodsThe research was conducted among two groups of adult participants. Validity of the AOT scale was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation coefficient analyses between the scale’s results and the measures of need for cognition, need for closure or cognitive reflection. Internal consistency of the Polish adaptation of the AOT scale was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha measure.ResultsPolish adaptation of the AOT questionnaire (Pomiar otwartego i elastycznego myślenia; POEM) satisfied the established reliability and validity criteria. Based on the conducted analyses, the instrument was significantly shortened relative to the original version of the AOT scale, with a similar approach seen in past research exploring the optimal item set with highest attainable psychometric properties. Internal consistency indices were sufficiently high and, in line with the researchers’ predictions, the instrument correlated with other measures of corresponding cognitive constructs.ConclusionsAOT is a dynamic variable, dependent upon the influence of training or experience. Polish adaptation of the scale measuring the phenomenon is an instrument with promising psychometric properties, worth further investigation. The POEM scale can be valuable in assessing open-minded thinking in educational settings, in research investigating the conditions facilitating social categorisation or radicalisation.

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Sfinks i gorgony – ewolucja psychoanalitycznego bestiarium. Reinterpretacje

Author(s): Małgorzata Stępnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2023

W 1924 roku Beata Rank, de domo Minzer (1886–1967) publikuje esej opatrzony tytułem: Rola kobiety w ewolucji społeczeństwa. Tekst słynnej polskiej psychoanalityczki poświęcony jest w dużej mierze reinterpretacji (jakże wczesnej) swoistego bestiariusza wypracowanego przez Freudystów. W owej konstelacji figur, zapożyczonych z antycznego imaginarium, szczególne miejsce zajmują kobieco-zwierzęce hybrydy i (po)twory: sfinks, meduza, czy chimera. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prześledzenie tego, w jaki sposób postaci te zostały „przefiltrowane” przez pryzmat lektury écriture féminine – nade wszystko, w duchu Hélène Cixous, poniekąd zapowiadanym przez wczesną myśl Beaty Rank. Ilustrację dla pojętych w tekście rozważań stanowić będą wybrane dzieła współczesnych artystów.

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