EPISTEMIC ENCOUNTERS: SOCIAL SCIENCES AND THE RETHINKING OF URBAN PLANNING POLICIES IN THE EARLY 1970s ROMANIA

Author(s): Mara Mărginean / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

This article aims to conduct a case study on urban planning models drawn by social scientists in 1970s Romania. It looks at the trans-national channels of knowledge circulation and reconstructs specialists’ role in creating new bridges of cooperation between the first and second world. It also analyzes the gradual re-signification of these ideas locally as part of the socialist state development project. More precisely, it wants to answer three intertwined questions: To what extent did the trans-nationalization of knowledge in the late 1960s determine a particular approach to urban planning in Romania? What does this tell us about local professional practices’ autonomy? Which was the international relevance of Romanian social sciences’ practice? The article contributes to an emerging scholarship on the genealogy of these ideas by placing the transnational debates of the late 1960s and early 1970s consumed under the umbrella of various inter-national organizations, such as the ISA and the UN, in conversation with an intel-lectual tradition dating back to the interwar period.

Znanost, metode istraživanja

Author(s): Zdravko Kordić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 111-112/2020

Znanost se izvodi i kao pojam i kao teorija iz imenice znanje, tako možemo govoriti o predantičkoj, antičkoj, srednjovjekovnoj znanosti, o prosvjetiteljstvu koje je utjecalo na prosvjetu, pokušalo prosvjetljivati ljudsku teoriju i praksu – ali se neznanstveno obrušilo, ne samo na crkvene dogme, već i na teološke znanosti koje su uvelike bile povezane s filozofijskim znanostima u srednjem vijeku.

PUBLIC TELEVISION AND THE RETURN TO SOCIALIST YUGOSLAVIA: MEDIATIZED CULTURAL MEMORY AMONG POST-SOCIALIST GENERATIONS

Author(s): Nataša Simenunović-Bajić,Marija Z. Vujović / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2020

This paper deals with four significant concepts and discourses in contemporary Serbian post-socialist culture: sacred space, cultural memory, mediatization and Yugoslavia. A cursory look at the contradictions of Yugoslav history and politics implies a broadening of the research perspectives and themes. Unfinished debates about positive and negative aspects of socialist Yugoslavia provide an opportunity to rethink television heritage and cultural memory from a temporal distance. Here, we will discuss one dimension of memorized sacred space: TV reruns on public television in Serbia. Particularly, the research focus is on TV series as authentic TV genre and cult television. The paper shows that a large number of reruns of Yugoslav TV series on public television contributes to the maintaining of cultural memory among post-socialist generations and construction of the distinctiveness of the local cultural identity.

КУБ УПКОИН: НОВЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА УПРАВЛЕНИЕ СИСТЕМОЙ ИНТРАКОММУНИКАЦИЙ В ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

Author(s): Olga Yurievna Lokotkova-Ternovaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

Problem setting. The problem is that at the present stage of scientific and technological progress, to ensure the sustainable integrity of social organization, there is a search for new and revision of existing approaches to the role of a person in social organization. The role of the intracommunication system is growing. It is important to determine the effectiveness of the management of the current system, which ensures effective management within the organization, satisfaction, involvement and loyalty of each employee.Recent research and publications analysis. Intracommunication management is a complex system, the purpose of which is difficult to overestimate at each stage of an organization’s development. The system is considered in the works of sociologists, psychologists, leading business trainers: T. P. Galkin, V. I. Kornienko, V Izotov, K. V Harsky, V. A. Shtroo, M. E. Balakshin.Paper objective. The objective of the article is management of the intracommunication system in the organization through the prism of a modern innovative approach, which allows to determine the effectiveness of all interrelated elements.Paper main body. Our analysis allowed us to consider the management of intracommunications through the prism of a system, which involves the construction of a unified system for the exchange of information between the stakeholders of the organization, to determine what the exchange of information includes. What information channels exist and what role do they play in the development of social organization (communicative, organizational, informational and analytical). To improve the efficiency of each intracommunication channel, the role of each target audience was considered. We examined the role of management of the intracommunication system in the formation and development of corporate culture, the formation of an internal positive image of the organization. We have established the main reference points for the intracommunication system: the communication management system within the organization, communications and transmitted information for internal stakeholders, which is the fundamental factor of intracommunication interaction. We proposed an innovative methodological scheme for managing the intracommunication system, diagnosing its effectiveness from the standpoint of «cubic intracommunication models». Conclusions of the research. The intracommunication system is an important and necessary condition for the development of any organization. Consideration of the management of the intracommunication system in the organization is an important topic for further research. The proposed approach to information makes it possible to consider the management processes of the intracommunication system from the position of «cubic models of intracommunication».

Социология на наказателните стратегии: противозаконни практики, властови йерархии и ефикасност на наказанията в демократичното общество (М. Канушев, Наказателните стратегии в демократичното общество, НБУ, 2020)

Author(s): Pepka Boyadzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

Ekološka teorija grada Roberta Ezre Parka i Ernesta Watsona Burgessa

Author(s): Marko Dokić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/161/2021

The author analyses an approach within the framework of urban sociology, characteristic to Chicago School. This approach combined certain biological premises in understanding the city with the typical sociological approach, seeing the city as a superorganism and a product of nature, which is why it is called the ecological theory of the city. In this regard, the connection between biology and sociology, as well as the theory of Robert Ezra Park and Ernest Watson Burgess, as typical representatives of this sociological trend, will be the subject of special analysis, aiming to bring the reader closer to the ecological approach in urban sociology. The topic of particular interest is Park’s idea of the city as a product of nature, with symbiotic substructure and cultural superstructure, as well as Burgess’s idea of city growth and the theory of the concentric zones of city structure. Other issues of the ecological theory of the city (dominance and succession, social delinquency, the problem of the marginal man) were also analysed.

Prikazi

Author(s): Jaka Primorac,Krešimir Žažar,Juraj Perković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2008

Review of: 1. Norbert Elias “Što je sociologija?”, Antibarbarus, Zagreb, 2007, 164 str, review by: Krešimir Žažar; 2. Robert A. Nisbet “sociološka tradicija”, Golden marketing – Tehnička knjiga, Zagreb, 2007, 372 str., review by: Krešimir Žažar; 3. Berto Šalaj “Socijalni kapital - Hrvatska u komparativnoj perspektivi”, Politička misao, Zagreb 2007, 258 str., review by Juraj Perković; 4. Chris Anderson “Dugi rep”, Naklada Jesenski i Turk, Zagreb, 2008, 288 str., review by: Jaka Primorac

Konferencija "Sociologija i interdisciplinarnost: perspektive središnje i jugoistočne Europe”

Author(s): Valerija Barada / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2008

Place: Zadar, Croatia; Date: 8th-10th May, 2008.

ДРУШТВЕНО ДЈЕЛОВАЊЕ И РАЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИЈА

Author(s): Irina Kovačević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 29-30/2011

Један од неколицине познатих теоретичара феномена рационализације, друштвеног дјеловања, бирократије и бирократске управе је њемачки мислилац – Макс Вебер (1864-1920). Иако га у социологији сматрају једним од најзначајнијих „класичних“ теоретичара, ипак се може рећи да његово мишљење припада и другим теоријским и научним подручјима, као што су право, економија, филозофија, историјa итд. Размишљајући о битним друштвеним појавама индустријског капитализма, његова су се размишљања кретала на разним интердисциплинарним подручјима, као што је то случај и са његовим размишљањима о рационализацији, друштвеном дјеловању, бирократији и бирократској управи.

‘Civilising’ the Transitional Generation: The Politics of Civic Education in Post-Communist Romania

Author(s): Mihai Stelian Rusu / Language(s): English Issue: Winter/2019

The paper examines the introduction of civic education in post-communist Romania as an educational means of civilising in a democratic ethos the children of the transition. Particularly close analytical attention is paid to a) the political context that shaped the decision to introduce civic education, b) the radical changes in both content and end purpose of civics brought about by educational policies adopted for accelerating the country’s efforts of integrating into the Euro-Atlantic structures (NATO and the European Union), and c) the actual consequences that these educational policies betting on civics have had on the civic values expressed by Romanian teenagers. The analysis rests on an extensive sample of schoolbooks and curricula of civic education, civic culture, and national history used in primary and secondary education between 1992 (when civics was first introduced) and 2007 (when Romania joined the EU). Drawing on critical discourse analysis, the paper argues that a major discursive shift had taken place between 1999 and 2006, propelled by Romania’s accelerated efforts to join the EU. Set in motion by the new National Curriculum of 1998, the content of civics textbooks went through a dramatic change from a nationalist ethos towards a Europeanist orientation. The paper identifies and explores the consequences of a substantial shift from a heroic paradigm of celebrating the nation’s identity and monumentalised past towards a reflexive post-heroic model of celebrating the country’s European vocation.

Street Names through Sociological Lenses. Part I: Functionalism and Conflict Theory

Author(s): Mihai Stelian Rusu / Language(s): English Issue: Winter/2020

Street names are mundane spatial markers that besides providing a sense of orientation inscribe onto the landscape the ideological ethos and political symbols of hegemonic discourses. This review article takes stock of the existing scholarship done on the politics of street naming practices in human (political, cultural, and social) geography and rethinks these insights from sociological perspectives. Drawing on Randall Collins’ taxonomy of sociological theory, the paper interprets urban street nomenclatures along functionalist, conflictualist, constructionist, and utilitarian lines. The analysis is delivered in two installments: Part I addresses urban nomenclatures from functionalist and conflictualist perspectives, while Part II (published in the next issue of this journal) approaches street names as social constructions and examines their utilitarian value. In doing so, the paper advances the argument that urban namescapes in general and street names in particular should make an important object of sociological reflection and empirical analysis. It is one of the key arguments developed in this paper that toponymy encapsulates broader and intersecting issues of power, memory, identity, language, and space which can be rendered visible through sociological analysis.

Item Response Theory Applications for Social Phenomena Modeling

Author(s): Aleksandras Krylovas,Natalja Kosareva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

The article reviews Item Response Theory facilities in modeling social phenomena, its advantages and disadvantages comparing with Classical Test Theory and mathematical statistics methods. It discusses the application of IRT in social sciences specifics. The extension of Item Response Theory model where item characteristic functions have been approximated not only with logistic functions, but also with functions from other wide classes of parametric functions is presented. The procedure of item calibration—choosing of the best fitting item characteristic function and parameter’s estimation—is described in the paper. When choosing the item characteristic function for the model from wider class of functions as the result we obtain better agreement between observed data and the formal model. The example of IRT application in measuring the Environmental Performance Index is examined. The technology of extending the class of logistic functions used for simulation was applied in this case study. Calculated test information function’s values for the proposed mixed model were higher comparing with corresponding values for 2 parameters logistic model. The clusterization procedure performed by EPI values calculated as the total score of 9 items test was accomplished. Kendall‘s τ and Spearman’s ρ rank correlation coefficients for measuring the relation between estimations of EPI accomplished by the total test score value and the EPI value calculated as the weighted sum of 25 indicators are presented for different values of test items n. It was shown that the new methodology allows to perform rather precise norms-referenced evaluation of objects with respect to latent feature which couldn’t be measured directly with a significantly less amount information. The proposed methodology could be used in various areas of human activities where the actual problem is norms-referenced evaluation.

Понятие «интеллигенция» глазами современной российской молодёжи: социологическое исследование

Author(s): Elena Vladimirovna Skryabina,Inna Nikolaevna Kuleshova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2020

The article analyzes a unique empirical material obtained in the course of a sociological study, the purpose of which is to reveal the content of the concept «intelligentsia» as it is comprehended by modern Russian youth. The author studies the correlation of this content with the traditional understanding of the intelligentsia, presented in the leading Russian sociological approaches: socio-economic, cultural, social-ethical, and others. The main method of collecting primary sociological in-formation is a questionnaire survey, which allows respondents to rank psychological, cognitive, sociorole, moral and ethical markers of the intelligentsia, as well as the markers that characterize the overall level of culture and education of a person. It is revealed that as the main ones, respondents use blocks that cover cognitive characteristics and markers of the general level of culture and upbringing. Moral, ethical and psychological properties and qualities are taken into account to a much lesser extent, while traditional social markers (belonging to a certain social stratum/group/class, profession/occupation/type of occupation, social attitudes and motivation, etc.) remain the outsiders of the sample. Based on the obtained data, a collective image of the intelligentsia through the eyes of modern Russian youth is formed. An opinion about the relevance of the resulting image to almost any person who has received a decent upbringing and education (regardless of the country of residence of this person, their civil position, moral and psychological qualities and characteristics, etc.) is discussed. It is concluded that modern Russian youth, who are not familiar with the etymology and classical interpretations of the concept of «intelligentsia », «dissolves» it in a close, but not identical concept of «intelligence».

Czynności ludzkie jako obiektywny wymiar badań nauk humanistycznych. Analiza porównawcza koncepcji Kazimierza Twardowskiego i Floriana Znanieckiego

Author(s): Arkadiusz Jabłoński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2020

The article is an analysis of the concept of human activities of two great Polish thinkers − Kazimierz Twardowski and Florian Znaniecki. The text is analytical and synthetic in nature, bordering on the history of ideas and methodology. The main problem of the article is to show what research approach in humanities results from the concept of human activities by Twardowski and Znaniecki. They present different ways of conceptualizing human activities, which complement each other logically and define complementary areas of description of human behavior. Twardowski strives to objectively describe human activities as logical and semiotic situations contained in human products. Such a perspective provides the basis for a scientific treatment of them, different from discovering hidden deterministic cause-and-effect relationships specific to natural phenomena. In Znanieckiʼs approach, activities are treated as a material of culture, i.e. an order of relations between all externalized human experiences. This is the basis of a humanistic understanding of human behavior that conforms to cause and effect thinking in the natural sciences.

Osebne in družbene funkcije sociološkega spoznanja

Author(s): Anton Kramberger / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 36/2001

Članek se ukvarja z razmerjem med sociološkim spoznanjem in procesom sociološkega spoznavanja. Oriše antične, renesančne in moderne segmente družbene misli. Skuka pokazati, da je bila v razvoju sociologije njena glavna razvojna vrlina humanizacija vednosti - torej postopno uveljavljanje posrednega, preverljivega, komunikativnega znanja o spremenljivih virih neenakostih v svetu. To znanje razblinja širjenje aksiomatskega uvida v absolutno socialno strukturo, ki pretežno terja le deduktivno elaboracijo.

SALGIN DÖNEMİNDE UYGULANAN UZAKTAN EĞİTİME YÖNELİK TUTUM ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ

Author(s): Rahim Arslan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 23/2021

The Covid 19 outbreak negatively affected all nations and all stages of social life. Since the mode of transmission is close contact, especially the educational environments that require collective presence have been accepted as the most risky places and the first measures have been taken in these areas. In this context, distance education was started by YÖK in all universities. Unlike previous distance education, both students and faculty faced many negativities due to various reasons during the epidemic period. In this study, it was aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the attitudes of Sivas Cumhuriyet University students towards distance education applied during the epidemic period. For this purpose, a draft scale consisting of 35 items was created in the first stage. As a result of EFA applied to the draft scale, a 21-item scale consisting of five factors was obtained. The fit of the model was tested with confirmatory factor analysis, and fit indices were found in the acceptance range. Test-retest results and item analysis based on lower and upper groups were obtained significantly. In addition, the Cronbach Alpha value of the scale was calculated as 0.884, and the Cronbach Alpha value of the sub-factors between 0.884-0.658.

İBN SÎNÂ DÜŞÜNCESİNDE BİR ERDEM OLARAK ADALET VESOSYAL YANSIMALARI

Author(s): Ramazan Turan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 16/2020

The paper aims to analyze Avicenna's understanding of justice as a virtue and its reflections in the social field. Avicenna accepts the Platonic virtue scheme and according to him there are four cardinal virtues; wisdom, courage, temperance and justice which is the sum of these three virtues. He puts sub-virtues under each virtue except justice. He gives a different classification of the sub-virtues than philosophers who are members of the Islamic moral tradition. There are two basic principles under the virtue of justice: the first is to find the means between excess and the deficiency; the second is that behavior only aims for good. In social relations, justice is a means between giving more or less than deserved. He draws attention to the importance of social cooperation and consensus in establishing the foundations of a fair society. He offers a bottom-up activist approach to balance the system against the oppressive attitude of the rulers/power. According to him, gambling, ill-gotten gains, interest and the appetite to win should be prevented for fair trading. It also draws attention to the functionality of ijtihad and the importance of keeping up with the change.

The crossroads of contemporary sociology and the crisis of its subject and vocational identity

Author(s): Ljubiša R. Mitrović / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2021

Contemporary sociology is at a fateful crossroads. The paper points to some aspects of its crisis as a science and vocation, the forms of its cognitive pathology and the erosion of positive identity in the universe of sciences and the modern professional division of labour. Indicating the causes and consequences of this crisis, the author concludes that it cannot be overcome only by technical improvement of the methodology of empirical research, but requires profound efforts of the new generation of sociologists, and new answers. Otherwise, Peter Berger’s pessimistic predictions about the obsolescence and bankruptcy of sociologists and sociologists might come true. The conclusions we reached in our problematization of this issue can be summarized as follows: 1) the need to redefine contemporary sociology in the spirit of globalization of its subject as a multicomplex science of the laws of structure and dynamics of the global world system and the theoretical-empirical study of phenomena and processes at all levels of social organization. macro, meso, micro) from the perspective of the methodological principle of dialectical concrete totality; 2) building a new theoretical synthesis in the form of a multidisciplinary integrated paradigm; 3) opening sociology through multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary research towards new challenging fields of the future that has begun; 4) redefining its vocation identity in the Mils-Bourdieu key as a martial discipline, radical-critical, reflexive-engaged, emancipatory and actionist sociology.

Saša Marković “From Accession to Redrawing: Vojvodina in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians/Yugoslavia 1918–1941”

Author(s): Predrag M. Vajagić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2021

The text is a critical review of the monograph by Saša Marković, the historian and professor at the Faculty of Pedagogy in Sombor. The monograph represents a synthesis of the former achievements of historiography, as well as the author’s years-long research that has resulted in many prominent scholarly works. The author’s basic intention is to offer the reader a clear and comprehensible overview of the development of political ideas in Serbian civic thought of Vojvodina during the interwar period.

MAX WEBER’S WAY FROM SOCIAL ECONOMICS TO SOCIOLOGY

Author(s): Zoltán Oszkár Szántó / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

One of the most outstanding intellectual achievements in the history of classical thought in social sciences which have remained influential up until today are undoubtedly associated with the name of Max Weber. Through a detailed text analysis and a conceptual mapping of the logic of the argumentation, this paper sets out to offer a profound insight into the classical German sociologist’s approach to science, both “early” (about 1903/4) and “late” (post-1913), in terms of some fundamental matters of epistemology and methodology. The first part of this paper investigates social economics in terms of its theoretical and methodological foundations and applicability, while the second part looks at interpretive sociology from the same perspectives, with an emphasis on the differences between the two approaches. We argue that Weber’s dualist methodological attitude became explicit and dominant in his later writings. In addition, as he brought in focus the theory of social action, he not only became an explicit proponent of methodological individualism, but he also revisited and specified the logic and role of “causal explanation” and “interpretation”. Interpretive sociology no longer seeks a causal explanation for individual historical events by applying nomological knowledge, but instead commits itself to finding “causally adequate” explanation for the course and consequences of different types of social actions. Interpretation, in turn, no longer means an analysis of effects concerning the cultural significance of individual historical events in a special sense, but an interpretive understanding of various types of social actions, rational or “irrational”, directly or in a motivation-like manner. The paper concludes with a summary designed to highlight key legacies of Weber’s oeuvre that have remained valid and valuable for any analytical and empirical research in sociology.